Monthly Literature Search
Each month our group completes a literature search of Perinatal and Pediatric Pharmacoepidemiological peer reviewed studies
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Pregnancy
Maternal Schizophrenia and the Risk of a Childhood Chronic Condition.
Vigod SN, Ray JG, Cohen E, et al.
Schizophr Bull. 2022;48(6):1252-1262. doi:10.1093/schbul/sbac091
Read More
Perinatal mental illness among women with disabilities: a population-based cohort study.
Brown HK, Vigod SN, Fung K, et al.
Soc Psychiatry Psychiatr Epidemiol. 2022;57(11):2217-2228. doi:10.1007/s00127-022-02347-2
Read More
Maternal diabetes and childhood cancer risks in offspring: two population-based studies.
Huang X, Hansen J, Lee PC, et al.
Br J Cancer. 2022;127(10):1837-1842. doi:10.1038/s41416-022-01961-w
Read More
Antipsychotic Use in Early Pregnancy and the Risk of Maternal and Neonatal Complications.
Lin HY, Lin FJ, Katz AJ, Wang IT, Wu CH.
Mayo Clin Proc. 2022;97(11):2086-2096. doi:10.1016/j.mayocp.2022.04.006
Read More
Pre-pregnancy Diabetes, Pre-pregnancy Hypertension and Prenatal Care Timing among Women in the United States, 2018.
Butts SJ, Huber LRB.
Matern Child Health J. 2022;26(11):2300-2307. doi:10.1007/s10995-022-03531-1
Read More
Prenatal antibiotic exposure, asthma, and the atopic march: A systematic review and meta-analysis.
Cait A, Wedel A, Arntz JL, et al.
Allergy. 2022;77(11):3233-3248. doi:10.1111/all.15404
Read More
Bias in the association between advanced maternal age and stillbirth using left truncated data.
Dunne J, Tessema GA, Gebremedhin AT, Pereira G.
Sci Rep. 2022;12(1):19214. Published 2022 Nov 10. doi:10.1038/s41598-022-23719-3
Read More
Associations of Unintended Pregnancy With Maternal and Infant Health Outcomes: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis.
Nelson HD, Darney BG, Ahrens K, et al.
JAMA. 2022;328(17):1714-1729. doi:10.1001/jama.2022.19097
Read More
Safety of COVID-19 vaccines in pregnancy: a Canadian National Vaccine Safety (CANVAS) network cohort study.
Sadarangani M, Soe P, Shulha HP, et al.
Lancet Infect Dis. 2022;22(11):1553-1564. doi:10.1016/S1473-3099(22)00426-1
Read More
Association between maternal antibiotic exposure during pregnancy and childhood obesity in the Japan Environment and Children's Study.
Sakurai K, Yamamoto M, Eguchi A, et al.
Pediatr Obes. 2022;17(11):e12956. doi:10.1111/ijpo.12956
Read More
Effectiveness of a third BNT162b2 mRNA COVID-19 vaccination during pregnancy: a national observational study in Israel.
Guedalia J, Lipschuetz M, Calderon-Margalit R, et al.
Nat Commun. 2022;13(1):6961. Published 2022 Nov 15. doi:10.1038/s41467-022-34605-x
Read More
Association of State Child Abuse Policies and Mandated Reporting Policies With Prenatal and Postpartum Care Among Women Who Engaged in Substance Use During Pregnancy.
Austin AE, Naumann RB, Simmons E.
JAMA Pediatr. 2022;176(11):1123-1130. doi:10.1001/jamapediatrics.2022.3396
Read More
Association of maternal levothyroxine use during pregnancy with offspring birth and neurodevelopmental outcomes: a population-based cohort study.
Ge GM, Cheung ECL, Man KKC, et al.
BMC Med. 2022;20(1):390. Published 2022 Nov 8. doi:10.1186/s12916-022-02586-9
Read More
Prenatal diagnosis and pregnancy outcome of major structural anomalies detectable in the first trimester: A population-based cohort study in the Netherlands
Bardi F, Bergman JEH, Siemensma-Mühlenberg N, Elvan-Taşpınar A, de Walle HEK, Bakker MK.
Paediatr Perinat Epidemiol. 2022;36(6):804-814. doi:10.1111/ppe.12914
Read More
National register data are of value in studies on miscarriage-Validation of the healthcare register data in Finland.
Helle N, Niinimäki M, Linnakaari R, et al.
Acta Obstet Gynecol Scand. 2022;101(11):1245-1252. doi:10.1111/aogs.14445
Read More
Medically Attended Influenza During Pregnancy in the 2019-2020 and 2020-2021 Influenza Seasons.
Irving SA, Shuster E, Henderson JT, et al.
Obstet Gynecol. 2022;140(5):874-877. doi:10.1097/AOG.0000000000004948
Read More
Recurrence of postpartum hemorrhage, maternal and paternal contribution, and the effect of offspring birthweight and sex: a population-based cohort study.
Linde LE, Ebbing C, Moster D, et al.
Arch Gynecol Obstet. 2022;306(5):1807-1814. doi:10.1007/s00404-021-06374-3
Read More
Comparative safety of infliximab and adalimumab on pregnancy outcomes of women with inflammatory bowel diseases: a systematic review & meta-analysis.
Wang H, Hu Y, Chen F, Shen M.
BMC Pregnancy Childbirth. 2022;22(1):854. Published 2022 Nov 19. doi:10.1186/s12884-022-05191-z
Read More
A Systematic Scoping Review of Peridelivery Pain Management for Pregnant People With Opioid Use Disorder: From the Society for Obstetric Anesthesia and Perinatology and Society for Maternal Fetal Medicine.
Lim G, Soens M, Wanaselja A, et al.
Anesth Analg. 2022;135(5):912-925. doi:10.1213/ANE.0000000000006167
Read More
Interpregnancy interval and adverse pregnancy outcomes among pregnancies following miscarriages or induced abortions in Norway (2008-2016): A cohort study.
Tessema GA, Håberg SE, Pereira G, Regan AK, Dunne J, Magnus MC.
PLoS Med. 2022;19(11):e1004129. Published 2022 Nov 22. doi:10.1371/journal.pmed.1004129
Read More
Cancer Risk in Children of Mothers With Epilepsy and High-Dose Folic Acid Use During Pregnancy.
Vegrim HM, Dreier JW, Alvestad S, et al.
JAMA Neurol. 2022;79(11):1130-1138. doi:10.1001/jamaneurol.2022.2977
Read More
Understanding Etiologic Pathways Through Multiple Sequential Mediators: An Application in Perinatal Epidemiology.
Ananth CV, Loh WW.
Epidemiology. 2022;33(6):854-863. doi:10.1097/EDE.0000000000001518
Read More
Buprenorphine-naloxone Versus Buprenorphine for Treatment of Opioid Use Disorder in Pregnancy.
Perry BN, Vais S, Boateng JO, Jain M, Wachman EM, Saia KA.
J Addict Med. 2022;16(6):e399-e404. doi:10.1097/ADM.0000000000001004
Read More
Association of Prenatal Exposure to Benzodiazepines With Development of Autism Spectrum and Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorders.
Chen VC, Wu SI, Lin CF, Lu ML, Chen YL, Stewart R.
JAMA Netw Open. 2022;5(11):e2243282. Published 2022 Nov 1. doi:10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2022.43282
Read More
Detailed Maternal Mortality Data Suggest More Than 4 in 5 Pregnancy-Related Deaths in US Are Preventable.
Kuehn BM.
JAMA. 2022;328(19):1893-1895. doi:10.1001/jama.2022.19233
Read More
Maternal mortality in eight European countries with enhanced surveillance systems: descriptive population based study.
Diguisto C, Saucedo M, Kallianidis A, et al.
BMJ. 2022;379:e070621. Published 2022 Nov 16. doi:10.1136/bmj-2022-070621
Read More
We Don't Talk About Consistency: The Unspoken Challenge of Identifying Mediated Effects in Perinatal Epidemiology.
Huang JY.
Epidemiology. 2022;33(6):864-867. doi:10.1097/EDE.0000000000001522
Read More
Association of Texas' 2021 Ban on Abortion in Early Pregnancy With the Number of Facility-Based Abortions in Texas and Surrounding States.
White K, Sierra G, Lerma K, et al.
JAMA. 2022;328(20):2048-2055. doi:10.1001/jama.2022.20423
Read More
COVID-19 vaccine and pregnancy outcomes: A systematic review and meta-analysis.
Carbone L, Trinchillo MG, Di Girolamo R, et al.
Int J Gynaecol Obstet. 2022;159(3):651-661. doi:10.1002/ijgo.14336
Read More
Epidemiology of opioid use in pregnancy.
Cook JL.
Best Pract Res Clin Obstet Gynaecol. 2022;85(Pt B):12-17. doi:10.1016/j.bpobgyn.2022.07.008
Read More
Hyperglycemia in Pregnancy and Women's Health in the 21st Century.
McIntyre HD, Fuglsang J, Kampmann U, Knorr S, Ovesen P.
Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2022;19(24):16827. Published 2022 Dec 15. doi:10.3390/ijerph192416827
Read More
A global view of hypertensive disorders and diabetes mellitus during pregnancy.
Jiang L, Tang K, Magee LA, et al.
Nat Rev Endocrinol. 2022;18(12):760-775. doi:10.1038/s41574-022-00734-y
Read More
Prenatal medication use in a prospective pregnancy cohort by pre-pregnancy obesity status.
Vafai Y, Yeung EH, Sundaram R, et al.
J Matern Fetal Neonatal Med. 2022;35(25):5799-5806. doi:10.1080/14767058.2021.1893296
Read More
Time-related biases in perinatal pharmacoepidemiology: A systematic review of observational studies.
Ukah UV, Aibibula W, Platt RW, Dayan N, Reynier P, Filion KB.
Pharmacoepidemiol Drug Saf. 2022;31(12):1228-1241. doi:10.1002/pds.5504
Read More
Pre-pregnancy migraine diagnosis, medication use, and spontaneous abortion: a prospective cohort study.
Crowe HM, Wesselink AK, Wise LA, et al.
J Headache Pain. 2022;23(1):162. Published 2022 Dec 20. doi:10.1186/s10194-022-01533-6
Read More
Patterns of antiemetic medication use during pregnancy: A multi-country retrospective cohort study.
Fisher A, Paterson JM, Winquist B, et al.
PLoS One. 2022;17(12):e0277623. Published 2022 Dec 1. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0277623
Read More
Marijuana use in opioid exposed pregnancy increases risk of preterm birth.
Shah DS, Turner EL, Chroust AJ, Duvall KL, Wood DL, Bailey BA.
J Matern Fetal Neonatal Med. 2022;35(25):8456-8461. doi:10.1080/14767058.2021.1980532
Read More
Remdesivir use in pregnancy during the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic.
Gutierrez R, Mendez-Figueroa H, Biebighauser JG, Bhalwal A, Pineles BL, Chauhan SP.
J Matern Fetal Neonatal Med. 2022;35(25):9445-9451. doi:10.1080/14767058.2022.2041595
Read More
Risk of fetal malformation, spontaneous abortion, and adverse pregnancy outcomes after gestational terbinafine exposure: a systematic review.
Foessleitner P, Farr A, Deinsberger J.
J Dermatolog Treat. 2022;33(8):3073-3079. doi:10.1080/09546634.2022.2110837
Read More
Metformin in pregnancy and risk of abnormal growth outcomes at birth: a register-based cohort study.
Brand KM, Thoren R, Sõnajalg J, et al.
BMJ Open Diabetes Res Care. 2022;10(6):e003056. doi:10.1136/bmjdrc-2022-003056
Read More
Association of Prenatal Exposure to Benzodiazepines and Z-Hypnotics With Risk of Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder in Childhood.
Sundbakk LM, Gran JM, Wood ME, Handal M, Skurtveit S, Nordeng H.
JAMA Netw Open. 2022;5(12):e2246889. Published 2022 Dec 1. doi:10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2022.46889
Read More
Buprenorphine versus Methadone for Opioid Use Disorder in Pregnancy.
Suarez EA, Huybrechts KF, Straub L, et al.
N Engl J Med. 2022;387(22):2033-2044. doi:10.1056/NEJMoa2203318
Read More
Comanagement with rheumatology and prescription biologics filled during pregnancy in women with rheumatic diseases: a retrospective analysis of US administrative claims data.
Shridharmurthy D, Lapane KL, Baek J, Nunes A, Kay J, Liu SH.
BMJ Open. 2022;12(12):e065189. Published 2022 Dec 22. doi:10.1136/bmjopen-2022-065189
Read More
Disease modifying therapies and disease activity during pregnancy and postpartum in a contemporary cohort of relapsing Multiple Sclerosis patients.
Lescot L, Lefort M, Leguy S, et al.
Mult Scler Relat Disord. 2022;68:104122. doi:10.1016/j.msard.2022.104122
Read More
Safety of Japanese herbal Kampo medicines for the treatment of depression during pregnancy.
Michihata N, Shigemi D, Yamana H, Matsui H, Jo T, Yasunaga H.
Int J Gynaecol Obstet. 2022;159(3):865-869. doi:10.1002/ijgo.14237
Read More
Population-based cohort study: proton pump inhibitor use during pregnancy in Sweden and the risk of maternal and neonatal adverse events.
Breddels EM, Simin J, Fornes R, et al.
BMC Med. 2022;20(1):492. Published 2022 Dec 20. doi:10.1186/s12916-022-02673-x
Read More
Monoclonal Antibody Treatment Group. Monoclonal Antibodies for Treatment of SARS-CoV-2 Infection During Pregnancy : A Cohort Study.
McCreary EK, Lemon L, Megli C, Oakes A, Seymour CW; UPMC Magee
Ann Intern Med. 2022;175(12):1707-1715. doi:10.7326/M22-1329
Read More
Does lack of exposure to individual antidepressants at different points during pregnancy associate with reduced risk of adverse newborn outcomes?
Tharp MA, Silvola RM, Marks C, Teal E, Quinney SK, Haas DM.
BMC Pregnancy Childbirth. 2022;22(1):926. Published 2022 Dec 9. doi:10.1186/s12884-022-05287-6
Read More
A nation-wide Swedish study of opioid analgesic prescribing patterns during pregnancy and associated preexisting mental health conditions.
Sujan AC, Quinn PD, Rickert ME, et al.
J Matern Fetal Neonatal Med. 2022;35(25):5161-5167. doi:10.1080/14767058.2021.1875436
Read More
Risk of major malformations in infants after first-trimester exposure to benzodiazepines: Results from the Massachusetts General Hospital National Pregnancy Registry for Psychiatric Medications.
Szpunar MJ, Freeman MP, Kobylski LA, et al.
Depress Anxiety. 2022;39(12):751-759. doi:10.1002/da.23280
Read More
Prevalence of congenital heart defects in Europe, 2008-2015: A registry-based study.
Mamasoula C, Addor MC, Carbonell CC, et al.
Birth Defects Res. 2022;114(20):1404-1416. doi:10.1002/bdr2.2117
Read More
Vigod SN, Ray JG, Cohen E, et al.
Schizophr Bull. 2022;48(6):1252-1262. doi:10.1093/schbul/sbac091
Read More
Perinatal mental illness among women with disabilities: a population-based cohort study.
Brown HK, Vigod SN, Fung K, et al.
Soc Psychiatry Psychiatr Epidemiol. 2022;57(11):2217-2228. doi:10.1007/s00127-022-02347-2
Read More
Maternal diabetes and childhood cancer risks in offspring: two population-based studies.
Huang X, Hansen J, Lee PC, et al.
Br J Cancer. 2022;127(10):1837-1842. doi:10.1038/s41416-022-01961-w
Read More
Antipsychotic Use in Early Pregnancy and the Risk of Maternal and Neonatal Complications.
Lin HY, Lin FJ, Katz AJ, Wang IT, Wu CH.
Mayo Clin Proc. 2022;97(11):2086-2096. doi:10.1016/j.mayocp.2022.04.006
Read More
Pre-pregnancy Diabetes, Pre-pregnancy Hypertension and Prenatal Care Timing among Women in the United States, 2018.
Butts SJ, Huber LRB.
Matern Child Health J. 2022;26(11):2300-2307. doi:10.1007/s10995-022-03531-1
Read More
Prenatal antibiotic exposure, asthma, and the atopic march: A systematic review and meta-analysis.
Cait A, Wedel A, Arntz JL, et al.
Allergy. 2022;77(11):3233-3248. doi:10.1111/all.15404
Read More
Bias in the association between advanced maternal age and stillbirth using left truncated data.
Dunne J, Tessema GA, Gebremedhin AT, Pereira G.
Sci Rep. 2022;12(1):19214. Published 2022 Nov 10. doi:10.1038/s41598-022-23719-3
Read More
Associations of Unintended Pregnancy With Maternal and Infant Health Outcomes: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis.
Nelson HD, Darney BG, Ahrens K, et al.
JAMA. 2022;328(17):1714-1729. doi:10.1001/jama.2022.19097
Read More
Safety of COVID-19 vaccines in pregnancy: a Canadian National Vaccine Safety (CANVAS) network cohort study.
Sadarangani M, Soe P, Shulha HP, et al.
Lancet Infect Dis. 2022;22(11):1553-1564. doi:10.1016/S1473-3099(22)00426-1
Read More
Association between maternal antibiotic exposure during pregnancy and childhood obesity in the Japan Environment and Children's Study.
Sakurai K, Yamamoto M, Eguchi A, et al.
Pediatr Obes. 2022;17(11):e12956. doi:10.1111/ijpo.12956
Read More
Effectiveness of a third BNT162b2 mRNA COVID-19 vaccination during pregnancy: a national observational study in Israel.
Guedalia J, Lipschuetz M, Calderon-Margalit R, et al.
Nat Commun. 2022;13(1):6961. Published 2022 Nov 15. doi:10.1038/s41467-022-34605-x
Read More
Association of State Child Abuse Policies and Mandated Reporting Policies With Prenatal and Postpartum Care Among Women Who Engaged in Substance Use During Pregnancy.
Austin AE, Naumann RB, Simmons E.
JAMA Pediatr. 2022;176(11):1123-1130. doi:10.1001/jamapediatrics.2022.3396
Read More
Association of maternal levothyroxine use during pregnancy with offspring birth and neurodevelopmental outcomes: a population-based cohort study.
Ge GM, Cheung ECL, Man KKC, et al.
BMC Med. 2022;20(1):390. Published 2022 Nov 8. doi:10.1186/s12916-022-02586-9
Read More
Prenatal diagnosis and pregnancy outcome of major structural anomalies detectable in the first trimester: A population-based cohort study in the Netherlands
Bardi F, Bergman JEH, Siemensma-Mühlenberg N, Elvan-Taşpınar A, de Walle HEK, Bakker MK.
Paediatr Perinat Epidemiol. 2022;36(6):804-814. doi:10.1111/ppe.12914
Read More
National register data are of value in studies on miscarriage-Validation of the healthcare register data in Finland.
Helle N, Niinimäki M, Linnakaari R, et al.
Acta Obstet Gynecol Scand. 2022;101(11):1245-1252. doi:10.1111/aogs.14445
Read More
Medically Attended Influenza During Pregnancy in the 2019-2020 and 2020-2021 Influenza Seasons.
Irving SA, Shuster E, Henderson JT, et al.
Obstet Gynecol. 2022;140(5):874-877. doi:10.1097/AOG.0000000000004948
Read More
Recurrence of postpartum hemorrhage, maternal and paternal contribution, and the effect of offspring birthweight and sex: a population-based cohort study.
Linde LE, Ebbing C, Moster D, et al.
Arch Gynecol Obstet. 2022;306(5):1807-1814. doi:10.1007/s00404-021-06374-3
Read More
Comparative safety of infliximab and adalimumab on pregnancy outcomes of women with inflammatory bowel diseases: a systematic review & meta-analysis.
Wang H, Hu Y, Chen F, Shen M.
BMC Pregnancy Childbirth. 2022;22(1):854. Published 2022 Nov 19. doi:10.1186/s12884-022-05191-z
Read More
A Systematic Scoping Review of Peridelivery Pain Management for Pregnant People With Opioid Use Disorder: From the Society for Obstetric Anesthesia and Perinatology and Society for Maternal Fetal Medicine.
Lim G, Soens M, Wanaselja A, et al.
Anesth Analg. 2022;135(5):912-925. doi:10.1213/ANE.0000000000006167
Read More
Interpregnancy interval and adverse pregnancy outcomes among pregnancies following miscarriages or induced abortions in Norway (2008-2016): A cohort study.
Tessema GA, Håberg SE, Pereira G, Regan AK, Dunne J, Magnus MC.
PLoS Med. 2022;19(11):e1004129. Published 2022 Nov 22. doi:10.1371/journal.pmed.1004129
Read More
Cancer Risk in Children of Mothers With Epilepsy and High-Dose Folic Acid Use During Pregnancy.
Vegrim HM, Dreier JW, Alvestad S, et al.
JAMA Neurol. 2022;79(11):1130-1138. doi:10.1001/jamaneurol.2022.2977
Read More
Understanding Etiologic Pathways Through Multiple Sequential Mediators: An Application in Perinatal Epidemiology.
Ananth CV, Loh WW.
Epidemiology. 2022;33(6):854-863. doi:10.1097/EDE.0000000000001518
Read More
Buprenorphine-naloxone Versus Buprenorphine for Treatment of Opioid Use Disorder in Pregnancy.
Perry BN, Vais S, Boateng JO, Jain M, Wachman EM, Saia KA.
J Addict Med. 2022;16(6):e399-e404. doi:10.1097/ADM.0000000000001004
Read More
Association of Prenatal Exposure to Benzodiazepines With Development of Autism Spectrum and Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorders.
Chen VC, Wu SI, Lin CF, Lu ML, Chen YL, Stewart R.
JAMA Netw Open. 2022;5(11):e2243282. Published 2022 Nov 1. doi:10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2022.43282
Read More
Detailed Maternal Mortality Data Suggest More Than 4 in 5 Pregnancy-Related Deaths in US Are Preventable.
Kuehn BM.
JAMA. 2022;328(19):1893-1895. doi:10.1001/jama.2022.19233
Read More
Maternal mortality in eight European countries with enhanced surveillance systems: descriptive population based study.
Diguisto C, Saucedo M, Kallianidis A, et al.
BMJ. 2022;379:e070621. Published 2022 Nov 16. doi:10.1136/bmj-2022-070621
Read More
We Don't Talk About Consistency: The Unspoken Challenge of Identifying Mediated Effects in Perinatal Epidemiology.
Huang JY.
Epidemiology. 2022;33(6):864-867. doi:10.1097/EDE.0000000000001522
Read More
Association of Texas' 2021 Ban on Abortion in Early Pregnancy With the Number of Facility-Based Abortions in Texas and Surrounding States.
White K, Sierra G, Lerma K, et al.
JAMA. 2022;328(20):2048-2055. doi:10.1001/jama.2022.20423
Read More
COVID-19 vaccine and pregnancy outcomes: A systematic review and meta-analysis.
Carbone L, Trinchillo MG, Di Girolamo R, et al.
Int J Gynaecol Obstet. 2022;159(3):651-661. doi:10.1002/ijgo.14336
Read More
Epidemiology of opioid use in pregnancy.
Cook JL.
Best Pract Res Clin Obstet Gynaecol. 2022;85(Pt B):12-17. doi:10.1016/j.bpobgyn.2022.07.008
Read More
Hyperglycemia in Pregnancy and Women's Health in the 21st Century.
McIntyre HD, Fuglsang J, Kampmann U, Knorr S, Ovesen P.
Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2022;19(24):16827. Published 2022 Dec 15. doi:10.3390/ijerph192416827
Read More
A global view of hypertensive disorders and diabetes mellitus during pregnancy.
Jiang L, Tang K, Magee LA, et al.
Nat Rev Endocrinol. 2022;18(12):760-775. doi:10.1038/s41574-022-00734-y
Read More
Prenatal medication use in a prospective pregnancy cohort by pre-pregnancy obesity status.
Vafai Y, Yeung EH, Sundaram R, et al.
J Matern Fetal Neonatal Med. 2022;35(25):5799-5806. doi:10.1080/14767058.2021.1893296
Read More
Time-related biases in perinatal pharmacoepidemiology: A systematic review of observational studies.
Ukah UV, Aibibula W, Platt RW, Dayan N, Reynier P, Filion KB.
Pharmacoepidemiol Drug Saf. 2022;31(12):1228-1241. doi:10.1002/pds.5504
Read More
Pre-pregnancy migraine diagnosis, medication use, and spontaneous abortion: a prospective cohort study.
Crowe HM, Wesselink AK, Wise LA, et al.
J Headache Pain. 2022;23(1):162. Published 2022 Dec 20. doi:10.1186/s10194-022-01533-6
Read More
Patterns of antiemetic medication use during pregnancy: A multi-country retrospective cohort study.
Fisher A, Paterson JM, Winquist B, et al.
PLoS One. 2022;17(12):e0277623. Published 2022 Dec 1. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0277623
Read More
Marijuana use in opioid exposed pregnancy increases risk of preterm birth.
Shah DS, Turner EL, Chroust AJ, Duvall KL, Wood DL, Bailey BA.
J Matern Fetal Neonatal Med. 2022;35(25):8456-8461. doi:10.1080/14767058.2021.1980532
Read More
Remdesivir use in pregnancy during the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic.
Gutierrez R, Mendez-Figueroa H, Biebighauser JG, Bhalwal A, Pineles BL, Chauhan SP.
J Matern Fetal Neonatal Med. 2022;35(25):9445-9451. doi:10.1080/14767058.2022.2041595
Read More
Risk of fetal malformation, spontaneous abortion, and adverse pregnancy outcomes after gestational terbinafine exposure: a systematic review.
Foessleitner P, Farr A, Deinsberger J.
J Dermatolog Treat. 2022;33(8):3073-3079. doi:10.1080/09546634.2022.2110837
Read More
Metformin in pregnancy and risk of abnormal growth outcomes at birth: a register-based cohort study.
Brand KM, Thoren R, Sõnajalg J, et al.
BMJ Open Diabetes Res Care. 2022;10(6):e003056. doi:10.1136/bmjdrc-2022-003056
Read More
Association of Prenatal Exposure to Benzodiazepines and Z-Hypnotics With Risk of Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder in Childhood.
Sundbakk LM, Gran JM, Wood ME, Handal M, Skurtveit S, Nordeng H.
JAMA Netw Open. 2022;5(12):e2246889. Published 2022 Dec 1. doi:10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2022.46889
Read More
Buprenorphine versus Methadone for Opioid Use Disorder in Pregnancy.
Suarez EA, Huybrechts KF, Straub L, et al.
N Engl J Med. 2022;387(22):2033-2044. doi:10.1056/NEJMoa2203318
Read More
Comanagement with rheumatology and prescription biologics filled during pregnancy in women with rheumatic diseases: a retrospective analysis of US administrative claims data.
Shridharmurthy D, Lapane KL, Baek J, Nunes A, Kay J, Liu SH.
BMJ Open. 2022;12(12):e065189. Published 2022 Dec 22. doi:10.1136/bmjopen-2022-065189
Read More
Disease modifying therapies and disease activity during pregnancy and postpartum in a contemporary cohort of relapsing Multiple Sclerosis patients.
Lescot L, Lefort M, Leguy S, et al.
Mult Scler Relat Disord. 2022;68:104122. doi:10.1016/j.msard.2022.104122
Read More
Safety of Japanese herbal Kampo medicines for the treatment of depression during pregnancy.
Michihata N, Shigemi D, Yamana H, Matsui H, Jo T, Yasunaga H.
Int J Gynaecol Obstet. 2022;159(3):865-869. doi:10.1002/ijgo.14237
Read More
Population-based cohort study: proton pump inhibitor use during pregnancy in Sweden and the risk of maternal and neonatal adverse events.
Breddels EM, Simin J, Fornes R, et al.
BMC Med. 2022;20(1):492. Published 2022 Dec 20. doi:10.1186/s12916-022-02673-x
Read More
Monoclonal Antibody Treatment Group. Monoclonal Antibodies for Treatment of SARS-CoV-2 Infection During Pregnancy : A Cohort Study.
McCreary EK, Lemon L, Megli C, Oakes A, Seymour CW; UPMC Magee
Ann Intern Med. 2022;175(12):1707-1715. doi:10.7326/M22-1329
Read More
Does lack of exposure to individual antidepressants at different points during pregnancy associate with reduced risk of adverse newborn outcomes?
Tharp MA, Silvola RM, Marks C, Teal E, Quinney SK, Haas DM.
BMC Pregnancy Childbirth. 2022;22(1):926. Published 2022 Dec 9. doi:10.1186/s12884-022-05287-6
Read More
A nation-wide Swedish study of opioid analgesic prescribing patterns during pregnancy and associated preexisting mental health conditions.
Sujan AC, Quinn PD, Rickert ME, et al.
J Matern Fetal Neonatal Med. 2022;35(25):5161-5167. doi:10.1080/14767058.2021.1875436
Read More
Risk of major malformations in infants after first-trimester exposure to benzodiazepines: Results from the Massachusetts General Hospital National Pregnancy Registry for Psychiatric Medications.
Szpunar MJ, Freeman MP, Kobylski LA, et al.
Depress Anxiety. 2022;39(12):751-759. doi:10.1002/da.23280
Read More
Prevalence of congenital heart defects in Europe, 2008-2015: A registry-based study.
Mamasoula C, Addor MC, Carbonell CC, et al.
Birth Defects Res. 2022;114(20):1404-1416. doi:10.1002/bdr2.2117
Read More
Pediatrics
Evaluation of mRNA-1273 Vaccine in Children 6 Months to 5 Years of Age.
Creech CB, Anderson E, Berthaud V, et al.
N Engl J Med. 2022;386(21):2011-2023. doi:10.1056/NEJMoa2203315
Read More
Short-acting β2 -agonist use and asthma exacerbations in Swedish children: A SABINA Junior study.
Melén E, Nwaru BI, Wiklund F, et al.
Pediatr Allergy Immunol. 2022;33(11):e13885. doi:10.1111/pai.13885
Read More
Pediatric Drug Safety Surveillance: A 10-Year Analysis of Adverse Drug Reaction Reporting Data in Calabria, Southern Italy.
Leporini C, De Sarro C, Palleria C, et al.
Drug Saf. 2022;45(11):1381-1402. doi:10.1007/s40264-022-01232-w
Read More
Frequency of drug-induced liver injury in children receiving anti-staphylococcal penicillins.
Tang K, Coombs S, Gwee A.
J Antimicrob Chemother. 2022;77(12):3221-3230. doi:10.1093/jac/dkac325
Read More
State-Level Estimates of the Prevalence of Parent-Reported ADHD Diagnosis and Treatment Among U.S. Children and Adolescents, 2016 to 2019.
Danielson ML, Holbrook JR, Bitsko RH, et al.
J Atten Disord. 2022;26(13):1685-1697. doi:10.1177/10870547221099961
Read More
Cohort profile: Risk and risk factors for female breast cancer after treatment for childhood and adolescent cancer: an internationally pooled cohort.
Wang Y, Kremer LCM, van Leeuwen FE, et al.
BMJ Open. 2022;12(11):e065910. Published 2022 Nov 7. doi:10.1136/bmjopen-2022-065910
Read More
Sex differences in side effects of antiseizure medications in pediatric patients with epilepsy: A systematic review.
Giuliano L, Vecchio C, Mastrangelo V, et al.
Seizure. 2022;102:6-13. doi:10.1016/j.seizure.2022.09.013
Read More
Early-life antibiotic exposure increases the risk of childhood overweight and obesity in relation to dysbiosis of gut microbiota: a birth cohort study.
Li P, Chang X, Chen X, et al.
Ann Clin Microbiol Antimicrob. 2022;21(1):46. Published 2022 Nov 3. doi:10.1186/s12941-022-00535-1
Read More
Association of Early Oseltamivir With Improved Outcomes in Hospitalized Children With Influenza, 2007-2020.
Walsh PS, Schnadower D, Zhang Y, Ramgopal S, Shah SS, Wilson PM.
JAMA Pediatr. 2022;176(11):e223261. doi:10.1001/jamapediatrics.2022.3261
Read More
Changes in Opioid Prescriptions and Potential Misuse and Substance Use Disorders Among Childhood Cancer Survivors Following the 2016 Opioid Prescribing Guideline.
Hu X, Brock KE, Effinger KE, et al.
JAMA Oncol. 2022;8(11):1658-1662. doi:10.1001/jamaoncol.2022.3744
Read More
Antidepressant exposures associated with exploratory behavior among young children reported to United States poison control centers, 2000-2020.
Francis M, Spiller HA, Badeti J, et al.
Pharmacoepidemiol Drug Saf. 2022;31(11):1206-1216. doi:10.1002/pds.5534
Read More
Analysis of Neurodevelopment in Children Born Extremely Preterm Treated With Acid Suppressants Before Age 2 Years.
Jensen ET, Yi J, Jackson W, et al.
JAMA Netw Open. 2022;5(11):e2241943. Published 2022 Nov 1. doi:10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2022.41943
Read More
Early Childhood Behavioral and Academic Antecedents of Lifetime Opioid Misuse among Urban Youth.
Rabinowitz JA, Reboussin BA, Thrul J, et al.
J Clin Child Adolesc Psychol. 2022;51(6):864-876. doi:10.1080/15374416.2021.1875324
Read More
Short-Course vs Long-Course Antibiotic Therapy for Children With Nonsevere Community-Acquired Pneumonia: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis.
Li Q, Zhou Q, Florez ID, et al.
JAMA Pediatr. 2022;176(12):1199-1207. doi:10.1001/jamapediatrics.2022.4123
Read More
Racial and Ethnic Differences in Psychotropic Prescription Receipt Among Pediatric Patients Enrolled in North Carolina Medicaid.
French A, Jones KA, Bush C, et al.
Psychiatr Serv. 2022;73(12):1401-1404. doi:10.1176/appi.ps.202100473
Read More
Amoxicillin Versus Other Antibiotic Agents for the Treatment of Acute Otitis Media in Children.
Frost HM, Bizune D, Gerber JS, Hersh AL, Hicks LA, Tsay SV.
J Pediatr. 2022;251:98-104.e5. doi:10.1016/j.jpeds.2022.07.053
Read More
Effectiveness and safety of dupilumab in the treatment of atopic dermatitis in children (6-11 years): data from a French multicentre retrospective cohort in daily practice.
Lasek A, Bellon N, Mallet S, et al.
J Eur Acad Dermatol Venereol. 2022;36(12):2423-2429. doi:10.1111/jdv.18450
Read More
Recurrent Antibiotic Use in Kentucky Children With 6 Years of Continuous Medicaid Enrollment.
Wattles BA, Smith MJ, Feygin Y, et al.
J Pediatric Infect Dis Soc. 2022;11(11):492-497. doi:10.1093/jpids/piac079
Read More
Creech CB, Anderson E, Berthaud V, et al.
N Engl J Med. 2022;386(21):2011-2023. doi:10.1056/NEJMoa2203315
Read More
Short-acting β2 -agonist use and asthma exacerbations in Swedish children: A SABINA Junior study.
Melén E, Nwaru BI, Wiklund F, et al.
Pediatr Allergy Immunol. 2022;33(11):e13885. doi:10.1111/pai.13885
Read More
Pediatric Drug Safety Surveillance: A 10-Year Analysis of Adverse Drug Reaction Reporting Data in Calabria, Southern Italy.
Leporini C, De Sarro C, Palleria C, et al.
Drug Saf. 2022;45(11):1381-1402. doi:10.1007/s40264-022-01232-w
Read More
Frequency of drug-induced liver injury in children receiving anti-staphylococcal penicillins.
Tang K, Coombs S, Gwee A.
J Antimicrob Chemother. 2022;77(12):3221-3230. doi:10.1093/jac/dkac325
Read More
State-Level Estimates of the Prevalence of Parent-Reported ADHD Diagnosis and Treatment Among U.S. Children and Adolescents, 2016 to 2019.
Danielson ML, Holbrook JR, Bitsko RH, et al.
J Atten Disord. 2022;26(13):1685-1697. doi:10.1177/10870547221099961
Read More
Cohort profile: Risk and risk factors for female breast cancer after treatment for childhood and adolescent cancer: an internationally pooled cohort.
Wang Y, Kremer LCM, van Leeuwen FE, et al.
BMJ Open. 2022;12(11):e065910. Published 2022 Nov 7. doi:10.1136/bmjopen-2022-065910
Read More
Sex differences in side effects of antiseizure medications in pediatric patients with epilepsy: A systematic review.
Giuliano L, Vecchio C, Mastrangelo V, et al.
Seizure. 2022;102:6-13. doi:10.1016/j.seizure.2022.09.013
Read More
Early-life antibiotic exposure increases the risk of childhood overweight and obesity in relation to dysbiosis of gut microbiota: a birth cohort study.
Li P, Chang X, Chen X, et al.
Ann Clin Microbiol Antimicrob. 2022;21(1):46. Published 2022 Nov 3. doi:10.1186/s12941-022-00535-1
Read More
Association of Early Oseltamivir With Improved Outcomes in Hospitalized Children With Influenza, 2007-2020.
Walsh PS, Schnadower D, Zhang Y, Ramgopal S, Shah SS, Wilson PM.
JAMA Pediatr. 2022;176(11):e223261. doi:10.1001/jamapediatrics.2022.3261
Read More
Changes in Opioid Prescriptions and Potential Misuse and Substance Use Disorders Among Childhood Cancer Survivors Following the 2016 Opioid Prescribing Guideline.
Hu X, Brock KE, Effinger KE, et al.
JAMA Oncol. 2022;8(11):1658-1662. doi:10.1001/jamaoncol.2022.3744
Read More
Antidepressant exposures associated with exploratory behavior among young children reported to United States poison control centers, 2000-2020.
Francis M, Spiller HA, Badeti J, et al.
Pharmacoepidemiol Drug Saf. 2022;31(11):1206-1216. doi:10.1002/pds.5534
Read More
Analysis of Neurodevelopment in Children Born Extremely Preterm Treated With Acid Suppressants Before Age 2 Years.
Jensen ET, Yi J, Jackson W, et al.
JAMA Netw Open. 2022;5(11):e2241943. Published 2022 Nov 1. doi:10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2022.41943
Read More
Early Childhood Behavioral and Academic Antecedents of Lifetime Opioid Misuse among Urban Youth.
Rabinowitz JA, Reboussin BA, Thrul J, et al.
J Clin Child Adolesc Psychol. 2022;51(6):864-876. doi:10.1080/15374416.2021.1875324
Read More
Short-Course vs Long-Course Antibiotic Therapy for Children With Nonsevere Community-Acquired Pneumonia: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis.
Li Q, Zhou Q, Florez ID, et al.
JAMA Pediatr. 2022;176(12):1199-1207. doi:10.1001/jamapediatrics.2022.4123
Read More
Racial and Ethnic Differences in Psychotropic Prescription Receipt Among Pediatric Patients Enrolled in North Carolina Medicaid.
French A, Jones KA, Bush C, et al.
Psychiatr Serv. 2022;73(12):1401-1404. doi:10.1176/appi.ps.202100473
Read More
Amoxicillin Versus Other Antibiotic Agents for the Treatment of Acute Otitis Media in Children.
Frost HM, Bizune D, Gerber JS, Hersh AL, Hicks LA, Tsay SV.
J Pediatr. 2022;251:98-104.e5. doi:10.1016/j.jpeds.2022.07.053
Read More
Effectiveness and safety of dupilumab in the treatment of atopic dermatitis in children (6-11 years): data from a French multicentre retrospective cohort in daily practice.
Lasek A, Bellon N, Mallet S, et al.
J Eur Acad Dermatol Venereol. 2022;36(12):2423-2429. doi:10.1111/jdv.18450
Read More
Recurrent Antibiotic Use in Kentucky Children With 6 Years of Continuous Medicaid Enrollment.
Wattles BA, Smith MJ, Feygin Y, et al.
J Pediatric Infect Dis Soc. 2022;11(11):492-497. doi:10.1093/jpids/piac079
Read More
Archive
July 2018
Pregnancy
Latent trajectory groups of perinatal depressive and anxiety symptoms from pregnancy to early postpartum and their antenatal risk factors.
Ahmed A, Feng C, Bowen A, Muhajarine N.
Arch Womens Ment Health. 2018 Apr 13. doi: 10.1007/s00737-018-0845-y. [Epub ahead of print]
The aim of this study was to identify subgroups of women who exhibit distinct trajectory patterns of depressive and anxiety disorders from pregnancy to early postpartum and the risk factors associated with the latent trajectory group memberships. The authors identified four latent trajectory groups of perinatal depressive symptoms: "low-stable" (49.6%), "moderate-stable" (42.3%), "postpartum" (3.6%), and "antepartum" (4.6%). Significant risk factors associated with these trajectory group memberships were past depression, stress level, ethnicity, the mother's age, and relationship satisfaction. Read More
Maternal thyroid function in early pregnancy and child neurodevelopmental disorders: a Danish nationwide case-cohort study.
Andersen SL, Andersen S, Vestergaard P, Olsen J.
Thyroid. 2018 Apr;28(4):537-546. doi: 10.1089/thy.2017.0425. Epub 2018 Mar 27.
Maternal thyroid dysfunction may adversely affect fetal brain development, but more evidence is needed to refine this hypothesis. The aim of this study was to evaluate potential fetal programming by abnormal maternal thyroid function on child neurodevelopmental disorders. The design was a case-cohort study within the Danish National Birth Cohort (1997-2003). The authors concluded that abnormal maternal thyroid function in early pregnancy was associated with epilepsy, ASD, and ADHD in the child, but associations differed by subtypes of exposure and by child age and sex. More evidence on subtypes and severity of maternal thyroid function is needed, and alternative outcomes of child neurodevelopment may be warranted. Read More
Beta-Blocker use in pregnancy and risk of specific congenital anomalies: a European case-malformed control study.
Bergman JEH, Lutke LR, Gans ROB, Addor MC, Barisic I, Cavero-Carbonell C, Garne E, Gatt M, Klungsoyr K, Lelong N, Lynch C, Mokoroa O, Nelen V, Neville AJ, Pierini A, Randrianaivo H, Rissmann A, Tucker D, Wiesel A, Dolk H, Loane M, Bakker MK.
Drug Saf. 2018 Apr;41(4):415-427. doi: 10.1007/s40264-017-0627-x.
The objective of this study was to investigate whether first-trimester use of beta-blockers increases the risk of specific congenital anomalies in offspring. A population-based case-malformed control study was conducted in 117,122 registrations of congenital anomalies from 17 European Concerted Action on Congenital Anomalies and Twins (EUROCAT) registries... The authors concluded that Beta-blocker use in the first trimester of pregnancy was not found to be associated with a higher risk of specific congenital anomalies in the offspring, but a new signal between alpha- and beta-blockers and multi-cystic renal dysplasia was found. Read More
Leflunomide use during pregnancy and the risk of adverse pregnancy outcomes.
Bérard A, Zhao JP, Shui I, Colilla S.
Ann Rheum Dis. 2018 Apr;77(4):500-509. doi: 10.1136/annrheumdis-2017-212078. Epub 2017 Dec 8.
The authors aimed to quantify the risk of major congenital malformation (MCM), prematurity, low birth weight (LBW) and spontaneous abortion associated with leflunomide exposure during pregnancy in humans. From a cohort of 289 688 pregnancies in Canada, from 1998 to 2015, 51 pregnancies were exposed to leflunomide during the first trimester, and 21 during the second/third trimesters. The authors concluded that maternal exposure to leflunomide during pregnancy was not associated with statistically significant increased risk of MCMs, prematurity, LBW or spontaneous abortions. However, given that relatively few women were exposed to leflunomide during pregnancy in this cohort, caution remains warranted. Read More
Pregnancy outcomes after exposure to certolizumab pegol: updated results from a pharmacovigilance safety database.
Clowse MEB, Scheuerle AE, Chambers C, Afzali A, Kimball AB, Cush JJ, Cooney M, Shaughnessy L, Vanderkelen M, Förger F.
Arthritis Rheumatol. 2018 Apr 5. doi: 10.1002/art.40508. [Epub ahead of print]
Anti-tumor necrosis factor medications (anti-TNFs) are effective in controlling chronic inflammatory diseases, but information about their use and safety in pregnancy is limited. Consequently, anti-TNFs are often discontinued early in gestation. This project provides information on pregnancy outcomes in women receiving CZP, especially those with early pregnancy exposure. Out of 1137 maternal CZP-exposed prospective pregnancies, 528 (including 10 twin pregnancies) had 538 known outcomes: 459 live births (85.3%), 47 miscarriages (8.7%), 27 elective abortions (5.0%), and 5 stillbirths (0.9%). There were 8 major congenital malformations (1.7%) among the 459 infants. Analysis of pregnancy outcomes does not indicate a teratogenic effect of CZP, compared to the general population, nor an increased risk of fetal death. The data are reassuring for women of childbearing age considering treatment with CZP. Read More
Maternal hypothyroidism in the perinatal period and childhood asthma in the offspring.
Liu X, Andersen SL, Olsen J, Agerbo E, Schlünssen V, Dharmage SC, Munk-Olsen T.
Allergy. 2018 Apr;73(4):932-939. doi: 10.1111/all.13365. Epub 2017 Dec 12.
There is increasing interest in the possible link between maternal hypothyroidism in the perinatal period and childhood asthma risk. The authors explored this in this study while accounting for the timing of hypothyroidism diagnosis. Further, they evaluated whether the risk was moderated by thyroid hormone treatment during pregnancy. A population-based cohort study was conducted using Danish national registers. The authors concluded that the findings suggest maternal hypothyroidism, especially when it is untreated, increases childhood asthma risk. Early detection and appropriate treatment of hypothyroidism in pregnant women may be an area for possible prevention of childhood asthma. Read More
Prenatal exposure to acetaminophen and risk for attention deficit hyperactivity disorder and autistic spectrum disorder: a systematic review, meta-analysis, and meta-regression analysis of cohort studies.
Masarwa R, Levine H, Gorelik E, Reif S, Perlman A, Matok I.
Am J Epidemiol. 2018 Apr 24. doi: 10.1093/aje/kwy086. [Epub ahead of print]
Acetaminophen is the most commonly used analgesic and antipyretic during pregnancy. Evidence of neuro-disruptive properties is accumulating. The authors sought to evaluate the risk for attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and autistic spectrum disorder (ASD) in the offspring of women exposed to acetaminophen during pregnancy. We searched MEDLINE, EMBASE, and Cochrane up to January 2017. Seven eligible retrospective cohorts included 132,738 mother and child pairs and with a follow-up period of 3-11 years. Pooled risk ratio (RR) for ADHD was (RR=1.32, 95% CI 1.18,1.45, I2=61%), for ASD (RR=1.23, 95% CI1.13,1.32, I2=17%), and for hyperactivity symptoms (RR=1.23, 95% CI 1.01,1.49, I2=94%). Studies differed gravely in exposure and outcome assessment. Read More
Prediction models for the risk of spontaneous preterm birth based on maternal characteristics: a systematic review and independent external validation.
Meertens LJE, van Montfort P, Scheepers HCJ, van Kuijk SMJ, Aardenburg R, Langenveld J, van Dooren IMA, Zwaan IM, Spaanderman MEA, Smits LJM.
Acta Obstet Gynecol Scand. 2018 Apr 17. doi: 10.1111/aogs.13358. [Epub ahead of print]
Prediction models may contribute to personalized risk-based management of women at high risk of spontaneous preterm delivery. The authors performed a systematic review of prediction models for the risk of spontaneous preterm birth based on routine clinical parameters. Additionally, they externally validated and evaluated the clinical potential of the models. Risk of bias assessment revealed a moderate to high risk of bias in three out of four studies that fulfilled the eligibility criteria. The AUC of the models ranged from 0.54 to 0.67 and from 0.56 to 0.70 for the outcomes spontaneous preterm birth <37 weeks and <34 weeks of gestation, respectively. This external validation study indicated that none of the models had the ability to predict spontaneous preterm birth adequately in the testing population. Read More
Maternal antibiotic exposure during pregnancy and hospitalization with infection in offspring: a population-based cohort study.
Miller JE, Wu C, Pedersen LH, de Klerk N, Olsen J, Burgner DP.
Int J Epidemiol. 2018 Apr 1;47(2):561-571. doi: 10.1093/ije/dyx272.
Antibiotics during pregnancy alter the microbiome and may influence disease risks in the offspring. The authors investigated the relationship between maternal antibiotic exposure before and during pregnancy, and risk of childhood hospitalization with infection. Pregnancy antibiotic exposure was associated with increased risk of childhood infection-related hospitalization [HR 1.18, 95% CI 1.17-1.19]…The authors concluded that antibiotic exposure before or during pregnancy was associated with increased risk of childhood hospitalized infections. Alteration of the maternally derived microbiome and shared heritable and environmental determinants are possible contributory mechanisms. Read More
Patterns of prednisone use during pregnancy in women with rheumatoid arthritis: daily and cumulative dose.
Palmsten K, Rolland M, Hebert MF, Clowse MEB, Schatz M, Xu R, Chambers CD.
Pharmacoepidemiol Drug Saf. 2018 Apr;27(4):430-438. doi: 10.1002/pds.4410. Epub 2018 Feb 28.
This study aimed to characterize prednisone use in pregnant women with rheumatoid arthritis using individual-level heat-maps and clustering individual trajectories of prednisone dose, and to evaluate the association between prednisone dose trajectory groups and gestational length. After adjusting for disease severity, non-biologic disease modifying anti-rheumatic drug use, and other covariates, the highest vs lowest daily dose trajectory group was associated with reduced gestational age at delivery (β: -2.3 weeks (95%: -3.4, -1.3)), as was the highest vs lowest cumulative dose trajectory group (β: -2.6 weeks (95%: -3.6, -1.5)). Read More
Influence of gestational age at Initiation of antihypertensive therapy: secondary analysis of CHIPS trial data (Control of Hypertension in Pregnancy Study).
Pels A, Mol BWJ, Singer J, Lee T, von Dadelszen P, Ganzevoort W, Asztalos E, Magee LA; CHIPS Study Group.
Hypertension. 2018 Jun;71(6):1170-1177. doi: 10.1161/HYPERTENSIONAHA.117.10689. Epub 2018 Apr 23.
For hypertensive women in Control of Hypertension in Pregnancy Study, the authors assessed whether the maternal benefits of tight control could be achieved, while minimizing any potentially negative effect on fetal growth, by delaying initiation of antihypertensive therapy until later in pregnancy. For the 981 women with nonsevere, chronic or gestational hypertension randomized to less-tight (target diastolic blood pressure, 100 mm Hg), or tight (target, 85 mm Hg) control, they used mixed-effects logistic regression to examine whether the effect of less-tight control on major outcomes was dependent on gestational age at randomization. In summary, this secondary exploratory analysis of CHIPS data has shown that there is no gestational age at which less tight control is the preferred clinical option, for women with chronic or gestational hypertension.Read More
The influence of prenatal mental health service use on the incidence of childhood asthma: a population-based cohort study.
Radhakrishnan D, Shariff SZ, To T.
J Asthma. 2018 Apr 25:1-35. doi: 10.1080/02770903.2018.1466313. [Epub ahead of print]
The authors aimed to determine whether maternal mental health service use during pregnancy, a potential proxy measure of prenatal maternal stress, is associated with the development of asthma in a large population-based sample of children. They hypothesized that children born to mothers with mental health service use during pregnancy would have a higher incidence of childhood asthma. In a population-based sample of 122,333 children, those born to mothers with mental health service use during pregnancy had increased odds of developing asthma (OR: 1.16, 95% CI: 1.12, 1.20 p<0.001). The authors concluded that prenatal maternal mental health service use is an independent risk factor for the development of asthma in childhood. Read More
Maternal anxiety, depression and sleep disorders before and during pregnancy, and preschool ADHD symptoms in the NINFEA birth cohort study.
Vizzini L, Popovic M, Zugna D, Vitiello B, Trevisan M, Pizzi C, Rusconi F, Gagliardi L, Merletti F, Richiardi L.
Epidemiol Psychiatr Sci. 2018 Apr 18:1-11. doi: 10.1017/S2045796018000185. [Epub ahead of print]
Maternal mental disorders have been associated with the risk of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) in children. In this study, the authors examined whether maternal anxiety, depression and sleep disorders are associated with pre-school ADHD symptoms. The authors found that the total ADHD score at age 4 was associated with maternal lifetime anxiety (17.1% percentage difference in score compared with never; 95% CI 7.3-27.9%), sleep disorders (35.7%; 95% CI 10.7-66.5%) and depression (17.5%; 95% CI 3.2-33.8%). Similar positive associations were observed also for ADHD-H and ADHD-I traits, with slightly attenuated associations between maternal sleep disorders and child ADHD-I score, and maternal depression and both ADHD scores. All the estimates were enhanced when the disorders were active during pregnancy and attenuated for disorders active only during the pre-pregnancy period. Read More
Ahmed A, Feng C, Bowen A, Muhajarine N.
Arch Womens Ment Health. 2018 Apr 13. doi: 10.1007/s00737-018-0845-y. [Epub ahead of print]
The aim of this study was to identify subgroups of women who exhibit distinct trajectory patterns of depressive and anxiety disorders from pregnancy to early postpartum and the risk factors associated with the latent trajectory group memberships. The authors identified four latent trajectory groups of perinatal depressive symptoms: "low-stable" (49.6%), "moderate-stable" (42.3%), "postpartum" (3.6%), and "antepartum" (4.6%). Significant risk factors associated with these trajectory group memberships were past depression, stress level, ethnicity, the mother's age, and relationship satisfaction. Read More
Maternal thyroid function in early pregnancy and child neurodevelopmental disorders: a Danish nationwide case-cohort study.
Andersen SL, Andersen S, Vestergaard P, Olsen J.
Thyroid. 2018 Apr;28(4):537-546. doi: 10.1089/thy.2017.0425. Epub 2018 Mar 27.
Maternal thyroid dysfunction may adversely affect fetal brain development, but more evidence is needed to refine this hypothesis. The aim of this study was to evaluate potential fetal programming by abnormal maternal thyroid function on child neurodevelopmental disorders. The design was a case-cohort study within the Danish National Birth Cohort (1997-2003). The authors concluded that abnormal maternal thyroid function in early pregnancy was associated with epilepsy, ASD, and ADHD in the child, but associations differed by subtypes of exposure and by child age and sex. More evidence on subtypes and severity of maternal thyroid function is needed, and alternative outcomes of child neurodevelopment may be warranted. Read More
Beta-Blocker use in pregnancy and risk of specific congenital anomalies: a European case-malformed control study.
Bergman JEH, Lutke LR, Gans ROB, Addor MC, Barisic I, Cavero-Carbonell C, Garne E, Gatt M, Klungsoyr K, Lelong N, Lynch C, Mokoroa O, Nelen V, Neville AJ, Pierini A, Randrianaivo H, Rissmann A, Tucker D, Wiesel A, Dolk H, Loane M, Bakker MK.
Drug Saf. 2018 Apr;41(4):415-427. doi: 10.1007/s40264-017-0627-x.
The objective of this study was to investigate whether first-trimester use of beta-blockers increases the risk of specific congenital anomalies in offspring. A population-based case-malformed control study was conducted in 117,122 registrations of congenital anomalies from 17 European Concerted Action on Congenital Anomalies and Twins (EUROCAT) registries... The authors concluded that Beta-blocker use in the first trimester of pregnancy was not found to be associated with a higher risk of specific congenital anomalies in the offspring, but a new signal between alpha- and beta-blockers and multi-cystic renal dysplasia was found. Read More
Leflunomide use during pregnancy and the risk of adverse pregnancy outcomes.
Bérard A, Zhao JP, Shui I, Colilla S.
Ann Rheum Dis. 2018 Apr;77(4):500-509. doi: 10.1136/annrheumdis-2017-212078. Epub 2017 Dec 8.
The authors aimed to quantify the risk of major congenital malformation (MCM), prematurity, low birth weight (LBW) and spontaneous abortion associated with leflunomide exposure during pregnancy in humans. From a cohort of 289 688 pregnancies in Canada, from 1998 to 2015, 51 pregnancies were exposed to leflunomide during the first trimester, and 21 during the second/third trimesters. The authors concluded that maternal exposure to leflunomide during pregnancy was not associated with statistically significant increased risk of MCMs, prematurity, LBW or spontaneous abortions. However, given that relatively few women were exposed to leflunomide during pregnancy in this cohort, caution remains warranted. Read More
Pregnancy outcomes after exposure to certolizumab pegol: updated results from a pharmacovigilance safety database.
Clowse MEB, Scheuerle AE, Chambers C, Afzali A, Kimball AB, Cush JJ, Cooney M, Shaughnessy L, Vanderkelen M, Förger F.
Arthritis Rheumatol. 2018 Apr 5. doi: 10.1002/art.40508. [Epub ahead of print]
Anti-tumor necrosis factor medications (anti-TNFs) are effective in controlling chronic inflammatory diseases, but information about their use and safety in pregnancy is limited. Consequently, anti-TNFs are often discontinued early in gestation. This project provides information on pregnancy outcomes in women receiving CZP, especially those with early pregnancy exposure. Out of 1137 maternal CZP-exposed prospective pregnancies, 528 (including 10 twin pregnancies) had 538 known outcomes: 459 live births (85.3%), 47 miscarriages (8.7%), 27 elective abortions (5.0%), and 5 stillbirths (0.9%). There were 8 major congenital malformations (1.7%) among the 459 infants. Analysis of pregnancy outcomes does not indicate a teratogenic effect of CZP, compared to the general population, nor an increased risk of fetal death. The data are reassuring for women of childbearing age considering treatment with CZP. Read More
Maternal hypothyroidism in the perinatal period and childhood asthma in the offspring.
Liu X, Andersen SL, Olsen J, Agerbo E, Schlünssen V, Dharmage SC, Munk-Olsen T.
Allergy. 2018 Apr;73(4):932-939. doi: 10.1111/all.13365. Epub 2017 Dec 12.
There is increasing interest in the possible link between maternal hypothyroidism in the perinatal period and childhood asthma risk. The authors explored this in this study while accounting for the timing of hypothyroidism diagnosis. Further, they evaluated whether the risk was moderated by thyroid hormone treatment during pregnancy. A population-based cohort study was conducted using Danish national registers. The authors concluded that the findings suggest maternal hypothyroidism, especially when it is untreated, increases childhood asthma risk. Early detection and appropriate treatment of hypothyroidism in pregnant women may be an area for possible prevention of childhood asthma. Read More
Prenatal exposure to acetaminophen and risk for attention deficit hyperactivity disorder and autistic spectrum disorder: a systematic review, meta-analysis, and meta-regression analysis of cohort studies.
Masarwa R, Levine H, Gorelik E, Reif S, Perlman A, Matok I.
Am J Epidemiol. 2018 Apr 24. doi: 10.1093/aje/kwy086. [Epub ahead of print]
Acetaminophen is the most commonly used analgesic and antipyretic during pregnancy. Evidence of neuro-disruptive properties is accumulating. The authors sought to evaluate the risk for attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and autistic spectrum disorder (ASD) in the offspring of women exposed to acetaminophen during pregnancy. We searched MEDLINE, EMBASE, and Cochrane up to January 2017. Seven eligible retrospective cohorts included 132,738 mother and child pairs and with a follow-up period of 3-11 years. Pooled risk ratio (RR) for ADHD was (RR=1.32, 95% CI 1.18,1.45, I2=61%), for ASD (RR=1.23, 95% CI1.13,1.32, I2=17%), and for hyperactivity symptoms (RR=1.23, 95% CI 1.01,1.49, I2=94%). Studies differed gravely in exposure and outcome assessment. Read More
Prediction models for the risk of spontaneous preterm birth based on maternal characteristics: a systematic review and independent external validation.
Meertens LJE, van Montfort P, Scheepers HCJ, van Kuijk SMJ, Aardenburg R, Langenveld J, van Dooren IMA, Zwaan IM, Spaanderman MEA, Smits LJM.
Acta Obstet Gynecol Scand. 2018 Apr 17. doi: 10.1111/aogs.13358. [Epub ahead of print]
Prediction models may contribute to personalized risk-based management of women at high risk of spontaneous preterm delivery. The authors performed a systematic review of prediction models for the risk of spontaneous preterm birth based on routine clinical parameters. Additionally, they externally validated and evaluated the clinical potential of the models. Risk of bias assessment revealed a moderate to high risk of bias in three out of four studies that fulfilled the eligibility criteria. The AUC of the models ranged from 0.54 to 0.67 and from 0.56 to 0.70 for the outcomes spontaneous preterm birth <37 weeks and <34 weeks of gestation, respectively. This external validation study indicated that none of the models had the ability to predict spontaneous preterm birth adequately in the testing population. Read More
Maternal antibiotic exposure during pregnancy and hospitalization with infection in offspring: a population-based cohort study.
Miller JE, Wu C, Pedersen LH, de Klerk N, Olsen J, Burgner DP.
Int J Epidemiol. 2018 Apr 1;47(2):561-571. doi: 10.1093/ije/dyx272.
Antibiotics during pregnancy alter the microbiome and may influence disease risks in the offspring. The authors investigated the relationship between maternal antibiotic exposure before and during pregnancy, and risk of childhood hospitalization with infection. Pregnancy antibiotic exposure was associated with increased risk of childhood infection-related hospitalization [HR 1.18, 95% CI 1.17-1.19]…The authors concluded that antibiotic exposure before or during pregnancy was associated with increased risk of childhood hospitalized infections. Alteration of the maternally derived microbiome and shared heritable and environmental determinants are possible contributory mechanisms. Read More
Patterns of prednisone use during pregnancy in women with rheumatoid arthritis: daily and cumulative dose.
Palmsten K, Rolland M, Hebert MF, Clowse MEB, Schatz M, Xu R, Chambers CD.
Pharmacoepidemiol Drug Saf. 2018 Apr;27(4):430-438. doi: 10.1002/pds.4410. Epub 2018 Feb 28.
This study aimed to characterize prednisone use in pregnant women with rheumatoid arthritis using individual-level heat-maps and clustering individual trajectories of prednisone dose, and to evaluate the association between prednisone dose trajectory groups and gestational length. After adjusting for disease severity, non-biologic disease modifying anti-rheumatic drug use, and other covariates, the highest vs lowest daily dose trajectory group was associated with reduced gestational age at delivery (β: -2.3 weeks (95%: -3.4, -1.3)), as was the highest vs lowest cumulative dose trajectory group (β: -2.6 weeks (95%: -3.6, -1.5)). Read More
Influence of gestational age at Initiation of antihypertensive therapy: secondary analysis of CHIPS trial data (Control of Hypertension in Pregnancy Study).
Pels A, Mol BWJ, Singer J, Lee T, von Dadelszen P, Ganzevoort W, Asztalos E, Magee LA; CHIPS Study Group.
Hypertension. 2018 Jun;71(6):1170-1177. doi: 10.1161/HYPERTENSIONAHA.117.10689. Epub 2018 Apr 23.
For hypertensive women in Control of Hypertension in Pregnancy Study, the authors assessed whether the maternal benefits of tight control could be achieved, while minimizing any potentially negative effect on fetal growth, by delaying initiation of antihypertensive therapy until later in pregnancy. For the 981 women with nonsevere, chronic or gestational hypertension randomized to less-tight (target diastolic blood pressure, 100 mm Hg), or tight (target, 85 mm Hg) control, they used mixed-effects logistic regression to examine whether the effect of less-tight control on major outcomes was dependent on gestational age at randomization. In summary, this secondary exploratory analysis of CHIPS data has shown that there is no gestational age at which less tight control is the preferred clinical option, for women with chronic or gestational hypertension.Read More
The influence of prenatal mental health service use on the incidence of childhood asthma: a population-based cohort study.
Radhakrishnan D, Shariff SZ, To T.
J Asthma. 2018 Apr 25:1-35. doi: 10.1080/02770903.2018.1466313. [Epub ahead of print]
The authors aimed to determine whether maternal mental health service use during pregnancy, a potential proxy measure of prenatal maternal stress, is associated with the development of asthma in a large population-based sample of children. They hypothesized that children born to mothers with mental health service use during pregnancy would have a higher incidence of childhood asthma. In a population-based sample of 122,333 children, those born to mothers with mental health service use during pregnancy had increased odds of developing asthma (OR: 1.16, 95% CI: 1.12, 1.20 p<0.001). The authors concluded that prenatal maternal mental health service use is an independent risk factor for the development of asthma in childhood. Read More
Maternal anxiety, depression and sleep disorders before and during pregnancy, and preschool ADHD symptoms in the NINFEA birth cohort study.
Vizzini L, Popovic M, Zugna D, Vitiello B, Trevisan M, Pizzi C, Rusconi F, Gagliardi L, Merletti F, Richiardi L.
Epidemiol Psychiatr Sci. 2018 Apr 18:1-11. doi: 10.1017/S2045796018000185. [Epub ahead of print]
Maternal mental disorders have been associated with the risk of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) in children. In this study, the authors examined whether maternal anxiety, depression and sleep disorders are associated with pre-school ADHD symptoms. The authors found that the total ADHD score at age 4 was associated with maternal lifetime anxiety (17.1% percentage difference in score compared with never; 95% CI 7.3-27.9%), sleep disorders (35.7%; 95% CI 10.7-66.5%) and depression (17.5%; 95% CI 3.2-33.8%). Similar positive associations were observed also for ADHD-H and ADHD-I traits, with slightly attenuated associations between maternal sleep disorders and child ADHD-I score, and maternal depression and both ADHD scores. All the estimates were enhanced when the disorders were active during pregnancy and attenuated for disorders active only during the pre-pregnancy period. Read More
Pediatrics
Register-based ecologic evaluation of safety signals related to pneumococcal conjugate vaccine in children.
Artama M, Rinta-Kokko H, Nohynek H, Jokinen J, Palmu A.
Curr Drug Saf. 2018 Apr 6. doi: 10.2174/1574886313666180406164151. [Epub ahead of print]
The authors conducted an ecologic register-based study to investigate further the reported adverse events after PCV. Data from Finnish Population Register during 2000-2014 for children age from 3 months to 10 years were used to estimate annual incidence rates. Incidence rate ratios of the outcomes were calculated between the target cohort of children eligible for PCV10 during 2010-2014 and a reference cohort before the NVP introduction (2004-2008). The authors concluded that the results do not support public health concerns related to the previously reported adverse events. They consider this register-based approach with real-world data feasible in the signal validation process after any signal detection. Read More
Use of available clinical evidence to extrapolate drug effects from adults to children.
Janiaud P, Glais F, Grenet G, Lajoinie A, Cornu C, Kassai-Koupai B.
Therapie. 2018 Apr;73(2):119-125. doi: 10.1016/j.therap.2017.11.007. Epub 2018 Feb 16.
Using a meta-epidemiological approach, the authors explored the similarities and differences of the benefit, the benefit risk ratio and the perceived placebo effect between adults and children from meta-analyses, as well as the use of the effect model using adult data to predict the treatment effect in children and to calibrate future paediatric clinical trials. This study highlights the importance of using all available evidence and quantitative methods before extrapolating the benefit risk ratio from adults to children. Read More
Evaluation of dystonia in children and adolescents treated with atomoxetine within the Truven MarketScan database: a retrospective cohort study.
Meyers KJ, Upadhyaya HP, Goodloe R, Kryzhanovskaya LA, Liles-Burden MA, Kellier-Steele NA, Mancini M.
Expert Opin Drug Saf. 2018 May;17(5):467-473. doi: 10.1080/14740338.2018.1462333. Epub 2018 Apr 13.
In this study, the incidence and risk of dystonia in children and adolescents treated with atomoxetine was compared to a propensity score-matched cohort of stimulant users. The hazard ratio for occurrence of dystonia with atomoxetine use relative to stimulant use
was 0.68 (95% CI: 0.36 - 1.28; P = 0.23). In this large retrospective cohort study, the author concluded that there was no significant difference in incidence or risk of dystonia among patients treated with atomoxetine compared to stimulants…Read More
Off-label and unlicensed drug use in children population.
Moulis F, Durrieu G, Lapeyre-Mestre M.
Therapie. 2018 Apr; 73(2):135-149. doi: 10.1016/j.therap.2018.02.002. Epub 2018 Feb 16.
The present study is a narrative review of the literature of off-label and unlicensed drug use from 2013. The authors performed a literature search of research articles assessing Off-label (OL) and unlicensed (UL) drug use in children (<18 years-old) published in Medline® from January 2013 until May 2017. Among in- and out-patients, the frequency of patients exposed to at least one OL-UL drug ranged from 36.3 to 97.0% and from 18.6 to 40.2%, respectively. The authors concluded that OL-UL drug use is frequent in children. A standardized definition of
OL-UL drug use is needed to better assess its frequency, risk factors and impact. Read More
Pharmacoepidemiology in pediatrics: needs, challenges and future directions for research.
Osokogu OU, Verhamme K, Sturkenboom M, Kaguelidou F.
Therapie. 2018 Apr; 73(2):151-156. doi: 10.1016/j.therap.2017.11.009. Epub 2018 Feb 21.
In this paper, the authors provide an overview of the particular interest of pharmacoepidemiological research into the evaluation of drug effects in children and adolescents...Implementation of innovative methodologies and expansion of database networks to perform necessary studies could further improve performances of observational research. Read More
Effectiveness of influenza vaccination for children in Japan: four-year observational study using a large-scale claims database.
Shibata N, Kimura S, Hoshino T, Takeuchi M, Urushihara H.
Vaccine. 2018 May 11;36(20):2809-2815. doi: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2018.03.082. Epub 2018 Apr 13.
In this study, the authors evaluated the clinical effectiveness of influenza vaccination for children aged 1-15 years in Japan throughout four influenza seasons from 2010 to 2014 in the real-world setting. They conducted a cohort study using a large-scale claims database for employee health care insurance plans covering more than 3 million people, including enrollees and their dependents. The authors concluded that they confirmed the clinical effectiveness of influenza vaccination in children aged 1-15 years from the 2010/2011 to 2013/2014 influenza seasons. Read More
Racial/ethnic differences in the treatment of adolescent major depressive disorders (MDD) across healthcare providers participating in the Medicaid program.
Yucel A, Essien EJ, Sanyal S, Mgbere O, Aparasu RR, Bhatara VS, Alonzo JP, Chen H.
J Affect Disord. 2018 Aug 11; 235:155-161. doi: 10.1016/j.jad.2018.04.045. [Epub ahead of print]
This study aimed to examine whether racial/ethnic differences in receipt of MDD treatment could be explained by the specialty of provider diagnosing the adolescent. Adolescents (10-20 years-old) with ≥2 MDD diagnoses were identified using 2005-2007 Medicaid data from Texas. Patients were categorized based on the types of provider who gave the initial MDD diagnosis (psychiatrist (PSY-I), social worker/psychologist (SWP-I), and primary care physician (PCP-I)). The authors concluded that for adolescents with MDD, being first diagnosed by a psychiatrist was associated with higher treatment rate and reduced racial/ethnic variation in the utilization of pharmacotherapy. Read More
Artama M, Rinta-Kokko H, Nohynek H, Jokinen J, Palmu A.
Curr Drug Saf. 2018 Apr 6. doi: 10.2174/1574886313666180406164151. [Epub ahead of print]
The authors conducted an ecologic register-based study to investigate further the reported adverse events after PCV. Data from Finnish Population Register during 2000-2014 for children age from 3 months to 10 years were used to estimate annual incidence rates. Incidence rate ratios of the outcomes were calculated between the target cohort of children eligible for PCV10 during 2010-2014 and a reference cohort before the NVP introduction (2004-2008). The authors concluded that the results do not support public health concerns related to the previously reported adverse events. They consider this register-based approach with real-world data feasible in the signal validation process after any signal detection. Read More
Use of available clinical evidence to extrapolate drug effects from adults to children.
Janiaud P, Glais F, Grenet G, Lajoinie A, Cornu C, Kassai-Koupai B.
Therapie. 2018 Apr;73(2):119-125. doi: 10.1016/j.therap.2017.11.007. Epub 2018 Feb 16.
Using a meta-epidemiological approach, the authors explored the similarities and differences of the benefit, the benefit risk ratio and the perceived placebo effect between adults and children from meta-analyses, as well as the use of the effect model using adult data to predict the treatment effect in children and to calibrate future paediatric clinical trials. This study highlights the importance of using all available evidence and quantitative methods before extrapolating the benefit risk ratio from adults to children. Read More
Evaluation of dystonia in children and adolescents treated with atomoxetine within the Truven MarketScan database: a retrospective cohort study.
Meyers KJ, Upadhyaya HP, Goodloe R, Kryzhanovskaya LA, Liles-Burden MA, Kellier-Steele NA, Mancini M.
Expert Opin Drug Saf. 2018 May;17(5):467-473. doi: 10.1080/14740338.2018.1462333. Epub 2018 Apr 13.
In this study, the incidence and risk of dystonia in children and adolescents treated with atomoxetine was compared to a propensity score-matched cohort of stimulant users. The hazard ratio for occurrence of dystonia with atomoxetine use relative to stimulant use
was 0.68 (95% CI: 0.36 - 1.28; P = 0.23). In this large retrospective cohort study, the author concluded that there was no significant difference in incidence or risk of dystonia among patients treated with atomoxetine compared to stimulants…Read More
Off-label and unlicensed drug use in children population.
Moulis F, Durrieu G, Lapeyre-Mestre M.
Therapie. 2018 Apr; 73(2):135-149. doi: 10.1016/j.therap.2018.02.002. Epub 2018 Feb 16.
The present study is a narrative review of the literature of off-label and unlicensed drug use from 2013. The authors performed a literature search of research articles assessing Off-label (OL) and unlicensed (UL) drug use in children (<18 years-old) published in Medline® from January 2013 until May 2017. Among in- and out-patients, the frequency of patients exposed to at least one OL-UL drug ranged from 36.3 to 97.0% and from 18.6 to 40.2%, respectively. The authors concluded that OL-UL drug use is frequent in children. A standardized definition of
OL-UL drug use is needed to better assess its frequency, risk factors and impact. Read More
Pharmacoepidemiology in pediatrics: needs, challenges and future directions for research.
Osokogu OU, Verhamme K, Sturkenboom M, Kaguelidou F.
Therapie. 2018 Apr; 73(2):151-156. doi: 10.1016/j.therap.2017.11.009. Epub 2018 Feb 21.
In this paper, the authors provide an overview of the particular interest of pharmacoepidemiological research into the evaluation of drug effects in children and adolescents...Implementation of innovative methodologies and expansion of database networks to perform necessary studies could further improve performances of observational research. Read More
Effectiveness of influenza vaccination for children in Japan: four-year observational study using a large-scale claims database.
Shibata N, Kimura S, Hoshino T, Takeuchi M, Urushihara H.
Vaccine. 2018 May 11;36(20):2809-2815. doi: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2018.03.082. Epub 2018 Apr 13.
In this study, the authors evaluated the clinical effectiveness of influenza vaccination for children aged 1-15 years in Japan throughout four influenza seasons from 2010 to 2014 in the real-world setting. They conducted a cohort study using a large-scale claims database for employee health care insurance plans covering more than 3 million people, including enrollees and their dependents. The authors concluded that they confirmed the clinical effectiveness of influenza vaccination in children aged 1-15 years from the 2010/2011 to 2013/2014 influenza seasons. Read More
Racial/ethnic differences in the treatment of adolescent major depressive disorders (MDD) across healthcare providers participating in the Medicaid program.
Yucel A, Essien EJ, Sanyal S, Mgbere O, Aparasu RR, Bhatara VS, Alonzo JP, Chen H.
J Affect Disord. 2018 Aug 11; 235:155-161. doi: 10.1016/j.jad.2018.04.045. [Epub ahead of print]
This study aimed to examine whether racial/ethnic differences in receipt of MDD treatment could be explained by the specialty of provider diagnosing the adolescent. Adolescents (10-20 years-old) with ≥2 MDD diagnoses were identified using 2005-2007 Medicaid data from Texas. Patients were categorized based on the types of provider who gave the initial MDD diagnosis (psychiatrist (PSY-I), social worker/psychologist (SWP-I), and primary care physician (PCP-I)). The authors concluded that for adolescents with MDD, being first diagnosed by a psychiatrist was associated with higher treatment rate and reduced racial/ethnic variation in the utilization of pharmacotherapy. Read More
August 2018
Pregnancy
Hypertensive disorders of pregnancy and genital anomalies in boys: a Danish nationwide cohort study.
Arendt LH, Henriksen TB, Lindhard MS, Parner ET, Olsen J, Ramlau-Hansen CH.
Epidemiology. 2018 Jun 14. doi: 10.1097/EDE.0000000000000878. [Epub ahead of print]
Although congenital abnormalities in the male reproductive tract are common, their causes remain poorly understood. The authors studied associations between hypertensive disorders of pregnancy and the genital anomalies, cryptorchidism, and hypospadias. They found associations between pre-gestational hypertension and cryptorchidism [HR: 1.3 (95% CI: 1.1, 1.6)] and hypospadias [HR: 1.7 (95% CI:1.3, 2.3)], whereas gestational hypertension was only associated with cryptorchidism [HR: 1.2 (95% CI: 1.1, 1.4)]. Boys of mothers with preeclampsia had the highest occurrence of cryptorchidism and hypospadias, increasing with preeclampsia severity. Further, the occurrence increased with early onset of preeclampsia diagnosis. Read More
The impact of expanded health insurance coverage for unauthorized pregnant women on prenatal care utilization.
Atkins DN, Held ML, Lindley LC.
Public Health Nurs. 2018 Jun 10. doi: 10.1111/phn.12524. [Epub ahead of print]
The objective of this study was to investigate the effect of expanding Medicaid health insurance coverage for unauthorized women on prenatal care utilization. The authors examined the prenatal care utilization of 20,876 unauthorized women from Nebraska, which expanded Medicaid coverage for unauthorized women, and South Carolina, which has never expanded coverage. Analysis entailed a difference-in-difference approach to compare prenatal care utilization by state, both before and after legislation was passed to fund care among unauthorized women in Nebraska. Unauthorized women living in Nebraska during Medicaid expansion were 28% more likely to receive adequate prenatal care (OR=1.28, p<0.01) and had about one more prenatal care visit (IRR=1.05, p<0.01) than women who did not have expanded Medicaid coverage. Read More
Prenatal paracetamol exposure and child neurodevelopment: a review.
Bauer AZ, Kriebel D, Herbert MR, Bornehag CG, Swan SH.
Horm Behav. 2018 May;101:125-147. doi: 10.1016/j.yhbeh.2018.01.003. Epub 2018 Feb
The authors conducted a review of publications reporting associations between prenatal APAP use and offspring neurodevelopmental outcomes. Sources were identified through a key word search of multiple databases (Medline, CINAHL, OVID and TOXNET) in September 2016. 64 studies were retrieved and nine prospective cohort studies fulfilled all inclusion criteria. Data pooling was not appropriate due to heterogeneity in outcomes. All included studies suggested an association between prenatal APAP exposure and the neurodevelopmental outcomes; ADHD, ASD, or lower IQ. Longer duration of APAP use was associated with increased risk. Associations were strongest for hyperactivity and attention-related outcomes. Little modification of associations by indication for use was reported. Read More
Effectiveness of prenatal tetanus, diphtheria, acellular pertussis vaccination in the prevention of infant pertussis in the U.S.
Becker-Dreps S, Butler AM, McGrath LJ, Boggess KA, Weber DJ, Li D, Hudgens MG, Layton JB.
Am J Prev Med. 2018 Jun 11. pii: S0749-3797(18)31696-9. doi: 10.1016/j.amepre.2018.04.013. [Epub ahead of print]
It is recommended that all pregnant women in the U.S. receive tetanus, diphtheria, acellular pertussis (Tdap) immunization to prevent infant pertussis. This study's objective was to examine the clinical effectiveness of prenatal Tdap, and whether effectiveness varies by gestational age at immunization. There were 675,167 mother-infant pairs in the cohort. Among infants whose mothers received prenatal Tdap, the rate of pertussis was 43% lower (hazard ratio=0.57, 95% CI=0.35, 0.92) than infants whose mothers did not receive prenatal or postpartum Tdap. Pertussis rates were also lower for infants whose mothers received Tdap during the third trimester. Infants whose mothers received Tdap at <27 weeks of gestation did not experience reductions in pertussis rates (hazard ratio for pertussis=1.10, 95% CI=0.54, 2.25). Read More
Development of an algorithm to identify pregnancy episodes and related outcomes in health care claims databases: An application to antiepileptic drug use in 4.9 million pregnant women in France.
Blotière PO, Weill A, Dalichampt M, Billionnet C, Mezzarobba M, Raguideau F, Dray-Spira R, Zureik M, Coste J, Alla F.
Pharmacoepidemiol Drug Saf. 2018 Jul;27:763-770. doi: 10.1002/pds.4556. Epub 2018 May 15.
The authors developed an algorithm to identify pregnancy episodes in the French health care databases and applied it to study antiepileptic drug (AED) use during pregnancy. To differentiate claims associated with separate pregnancies, an interval of at least 28 weeks was required between 2 consecutive pregnancies resulting in a birth and 6 weeks for terminations of pregnancy. According to the algorithm, live birth was the most common pregnancy outcome (73.9%), followed by elective abortion (17.2%), spontaneous abortion (4.2%), ectopic pregnancy (1.1%), therapeutic abortion (1.0%), and stillbirth (0.4%). Among 7,559,701 pregnancies starting between 2007 and 2014, 6.7 per 1000 pregnancies were exposed to an AED. The number of pregnancies exposed to older AEDs, comprising the most teratogenic AEDs, decreased throughout the study period (-69.4%), while the use of newer AEDs increased (+73.4%). Read More
The impact of prenatal diagnosis on congenital anomaly outcomes: Data from 1997 to 2016.
Braz P, Machado A, Matias Dias C.
Eur J Med Genet. 2018 Jun 14. pii: S1769-7212(18)30168-X. doi:10.1016/j.ejmg.2018.06.006. [Epub ahead of print]
The aim of this study was to assess the impact of prenatal diagnosis in Portugal in pregnancies with congenital anomalies. At least one malformation was detected for the first time through ultrasound (47.4%), invasive tests (5.6%) and other tests (2.2%). When analysed severe congenital anomalies (CA), 54.2% was detectible by prenatal ultrasound. Terminations of Pregnancies for Foetal Anomaly (TOPFA) was the option for 21.3% of these CA. Over the 20 years of analysis, there was a statistically significant increase trend in the detection rate of congenital anomalies through prenatal diagnosis compared to detection at birth or after birth (p < 0.001). After adjustment for confounders, prenatal diagnosis was associated with more severe outcomes (TOPFA, 40.3%; Death 3.5%) and increased the risk of the pregnancy ending in foetal death (OR = 2.56; 95%CI = 2.06-3.18). Read More
Risk of preterm birth following late pregnancy exposure to NSAIDs or COX-2 inhibitors.
Bérard A, Sheehy O, Girard S, Zhao JP, Bernatsky S.
Pain. 2018 May;159:948-955. doi: 10.1097/j.pain.0000000000001163.
The Authors aimed to quantify the risk of prematurity associated with late pregnancy exposure to nonselective NSAIDs, selective COX-2 inhibitors, and biological agents. Late pregnancy exposure was defined as having filled at least 1 prescription for nonselective NSAIDs, selective COX-2 inhibitors, or biological agents in the 3 months before delivery. After adjustment for maternal autoimmune diseases, concomitant medication use, and other risk factors, COX-2 inhibitor use in late pregnancy was associated with a 2.46-fold increased risk of prematurity (adjusted OR, 2.46; 95% CI, 1.28-4.72) compared to nonuse; only late pregnancy exposure to celecoxib was found to increase the risk (adjusted OR, 3.41; 95% CI, 1.29-9.02). Read More
Use of nimesulide during early pregnancy and the risk of congenital malformations: a population-based study from Italy.
Cantarutti A, Franchi M, Rea F, Merlino L, Corrao G.
Adv Ther. 2018 Jun 19. doi: 10.1007/s12325-018-0735-8. [Epub ahead of print]
The association between the use of nimesulide in early pregnancy and the risk of birth defects was investigated in a large cohort of pregnant women from Italy. Exposure to nimesulide during the first trimester of pregnancy, and congenital malformations detected at presentation and within 90 days after birth (outcome), were investigated. Exposure-outcome association was measured by the ratio between the prevalence of congenital malformations among users and non-users of nimesulide. The 627 (0.18%) women who filled prescriptions for nimesulide in the first trimester of pregnancy had a 2.6-fold risk of having children with congenital urinary tract anomalies compared to those who did not (adjusted prevalence ratio 2.6; 95% CI 1.2-5.7). Weaker and non-significant evidence for congenital malformations as a whole was found (adjusted prevalence ratio 1.2, 95% CI 0.9-1.6). Read More
Association between hypertensive disorders during pregnancy and the subsequent risk of end-stage renal disease: a population-based follow-up study.
Dai L, Chen Y, Sun W, Liu S.
J Obstet Gynaecol Can. 2018 Jun 19. pii: S1701-2163(17)31013-7. doi: 10.1016/j.jogc.2018.01.022. [Epub ahead of print]
The authors aimed assess whether hypertensive disorders during pregnancy (HDPs) are associated with the subsequent development of end-stage renal disease (ESRD). The present study included 1 598 043 women who delivered in Canadian hospitals between April 1993 and March 2003. An increased risk of ESRD hospitalization was observed in pregnant women with pre-eclampsia/eclampsia (adjusted hazard ratio [aHR] = 4.7, 95% CI 3.6-6.0), unspecified HDPs (aHR = 4.6, 95% CI 2.8-7.7), or gestational hypertension (aHR = 3.3, 95% CI 2.1-5.1). The risk of subsequent ESRD hospitalization appeared to be lower for women who had ≥2 deliveries compared with those who had one delivery during the study period. Read More
Infertility treatments during pregnancy and the risk of autism spectrum disorder in the offspring.
Davidovitch M, Chodick G, Shalev V, Eisenberg VH, Dan U, Reichenberg A, Sandin S, Levine SZ.
Prog Neuropsychopharmacol Biol Psychiatry. 2018 Aug 30;86:175-179. doi: 10.1016/j.pnpbp.2018.05.022. Epub 2018 Jun 1.
The authors aimed to examine the effects of infertility treatments on the risk of Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD). Data were from a representative national registry on 110,093 male live births in Israel (born: 1999-2008; and ASD: 975, 0.9%). Infertility treatments included In Vitro Fertilization (IVF), and five hormone treatments. Results showed that IVF treatment compared with spontaneous conception was not statistically significantly associated with the risk of ASD. Only progesterone hormone treatment was associated with a statistically significant (p < .05) increased risk of ASD (RR = 1.51, 95% CI 1.22, 1.86) compared to the group with no progesterone treatment. Read More
Association between prenatal valproate exposure and performance on standardized language and mathematics tests in school-aged children.
Elkjær LS, Bech BH, Sun Y, Laursen TM, Christensen J.
JAMA Neurol. 2018 Jun 1;75:663-671. doi: 10.1001/jamaneurol.2017.5035.
The authors aimed to estimate the association between long-term school performance and prenatal exposure to valproate and a number of other antiepileptic drugs (AEDs). Of the 656 496 children identified, 479 027 children who participated in the national tests were evaluated. Valproate-exposed children scored worse on the sixth-grade Danish tests (adjusted difference, -0.27 SD; 95% CI, -0.42 to -0.12) and sixth-grade mathematics tests (adjusted difference, -0.33 SD; (95% CI, -0.47 to -0.19) compared with unexposed children and children exposed to lamotrigine (adjusted difference, -0.33 SD; 95% CI, -0.60 to -0.06). Also, children exposed to clonazepam scored worse in the sixth-grade Danish tests (adjusted difference, -0.07 SD; 95% CI, -0.12 to -0.02). Carbamazepine, lamotrigine, phenobarbital, and oxcarbazepine were not linked to poor school performance compared with unexposed children. Read More
Prenatal phthalates, maternal thyroid function, and risk of attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder in the Norwegian mother and child cohort.
Engel SM, Villanger GD, Nethery RC, Thomsen C, Sakhi AK, Drover SSM, Hoppin JA, Zeiner P, Knudsen GP, Reichborn-Kjennerud T, Herring AH, Aase H.
Environ Health Perspect. 2018 May 10;126:057004. doi: 10.1289/EHP2358.
The authors undertook an investigation into whether prenatal exposure to phthalates was associated with clinically confirmed ADHD in a population-based nested case-control study of the Norwegian Mother and Child Cohort (MoBa). Cases of ADHD (n=297) were obtained through linkage between MoBa and the Norwegian National Patient Registry. A random sample of controls (n=553) from the MoBa population was obtained. In multivariable adjusted coexposure models, the sum of di-2-ethylhexyl phthalate metabolites (∑DEHP) was associated with a monotonically increasing risk of ADHD. Children of mothers in the highest quintile of ∑DEHP had almost three times the odds of an ADHD diagnosis as those in the lowest [OR=2.99 (95% CI: 1.47, 5.49)]. When ∑DEHP was modeled as a log-linear (natural log) term, for each log-unit increase in exposure, the odds of ADHD increased by 47% [OR=1.47 (95% CI: 1.09, 1.94)]. Read More
Effect of pregnancy on disease flares in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus.
Eudy AM, Siega-Riz AM, Engel SM, Franceschini N, Howard AG, Clowse MEB, Petri M.
Ann Rheum Dis. 2018 Jun;77:855-860. doi: 10.1136/annrheumdis-2017-212535. Epub 2018 Feb 20.
The authors estimated the effect of pregnancy on disease flares in systemic lupus erythematosus. The time-varying exposures were classified as pregnancy, postpartum or non-pregnant/non-postpartum periods. There was an increased rate of flare defined by PGA during pregnancy (HR: 1.59; 95% CI 1.27 to 1.96); however, this effect was modified by hydroxychloroquine (HCQ) use, with the HR of flares in pregnancy compared with non-pregnant/non-postpartum periods estimated to be 1.83 (95% CI 1.34 to 2.45) for patients with no HCQ use and 1.26 (95% CI 0.88 to 1.69) for patients with HCQ use. The risk of flare was similarly elevated among non-HCQ users in the 3 months postpartum, but not for women taking HCQ after delivery. Read More
Prospective cohort study of pregnancy complications and birth outcomes in women with asthma.
Fazel N, Kundi M, Jensen-Jarolim E, Pali-Schöll I,
Kazemzadeh A, Abdizadeh MF, Esmaily H, Akbarzadeh R, Ahmadi R(9).
Arch Gynecol Obstet. 2018 Aug;298:279-287. doi: 10.1007/s00404-018-4800-y. Epub 2018 May 24.
The purpose of this study was to determine the association between maternal asthma and a spectrum of adverse neonatal and maternal outcomes. Women with asthma had more bleeding events 3 weeks or more before delivery (OR 3.30, 95% CI 1.41-7.26), more often placenta problems (OR 6.86, 95% CI 1.42-33.02), and gestational diabetes mellitus (OR 3.82, 95% CI 1.06-13.75). No significant differences between asthmatic and non-asthmatic mothers regarding duration of gestation, birthweight, low Apgar scores, or neonatal respiratory difficulties were found. Total IgE antibody levels and eosinophil counts did not differ by asthma control and severity. Read More
Obstetrical and neonatal outcomes after benzodiazepine exposure during pregnancy: Results from a prospective registry of women with psychiatric disorders.
Freeman MP, Góez-Mogollón L, McInerney KA, Davies AC, Church TR, Sosinsky AZ, Noe OB, Viguera AC, Cohen LS.
Gen Hosp Psychiatry. 2018 May 29;53:73-79. doi: 10.1016/j.genhosppsych.2018.05.010. [Epub ahead of print]
The goal of this analysis was to examine the effect of benzodiazepine use during pregnancy on maternal and neonatal outcomes in a cohort of women with psychiatric disorders. 794 evaluable women from the Massachusetts General Hospital National Pregnancy Registry for Psychiatric Medications were followed across pregnancy (N = 144 exposed to benzodiazepines and N = 650 unexposed). In adjusted analyses, infants exposed to benzodiazepines in utero were more likely to be admitted to the NICU (OR: 2.02, 95% CI: 1.11, 3.66) and to have small head circumferences (OR: 3.89, 95% CI: 1.25, 12.03) compared to unexposed infants. Other neonatal adverse effects such as respiratory distress or muscular symptoms including hypotonia were not observed. There were no significant differences in adverse obstetrical outcomes. Read More
The timing of onset of hypertensive disorders in pregnancy and the risk of incident hypertension and cardiovascular disease.
Grandi SM, Reynier P, Platt RW, Basso O, Filion KB.
Int J Cardiol. 2018 Jun 18. pii: S0167-5273(18)30867-2. doi: 10.1016/j.ijcard.2018.06.059. [Epub ahead of print]
Previous studies suggest that women with hypertensive disorders of pregnancy (HDP) are at increased risk of subsequent cardiovascular disease (CVD). However, it is unclear whether this association differs by timing of onset of HDP. In this study, they found that compared with women with no HDP, those with early-onset HDP had a higher risk of developing incident CVD (HR 2.6, 95% CI 1.5, 4.3) and hypertension (HR 4.3, 95% CI 3.6, 5.0). Wide CIs precluded any conclusions regarding a difference in the risk of incident CVD and hypertension in women with early- vs late-onset HDP (HR 0.90, 95% CI 0.50, 1.62 and HR 1.06, 95% CI 0.87, 1.28, respectively). Read More
Prenatal triptan exposure and neurodevelopmental outcomes in 5-year-old children: follow-up from the Norwegian mother and child cohort study.
Harris GE, Wood M, Ystrom E, Nordeng H.
Paediatr Perinat Epidemiol. 2018 May; 32:247-255. doi: 10.1111/ppe.12461. Epub 2018 Mar 23.
Triptans are commonly used to treat migraine headaches, but data on the long-term safety of these medications during pregnancy are sparse. The authors included 3784 children in the Norwegian Mother and Child Cohort Study, whose reported a history of migraine or triptan use. 353 (9.3%) mothers reported use of triptans during pregnancy, 1509 (39.9%) reported migraine during pregnancy but no triptan use, and 1922 (50.8%) had migraine prior to pregnancy only. Triptan-exposed children scored higher on the sociability trait than unexposed children of mothers with migraine (β 1.66, 95% CI [0.30, 3.02]). Read More
Utilization of drugs with pregnancy exposure registries during pregnancy.
Illoh OA, Toh S, Andrade SE, Hampp C, Sahin L, Gelperin K, Taylor L, Bird ST.
Pharmacoepidemiol Drug Saf. 2018 Jun;27:604-611. doi: 10.1002/pds.4409. Epub 2018 Mar 8.
The authors aimed to describe the utilization of drugs with pregnancy exposure registries by trimester during pregnancy, in comparison with matched nonpregnant episodes and a pre-pregnancy period. They observed a lower prevalence of use for most drugs during pregnancy compared with the matched nonpregnant episodes, and the 90-day pre-pregnancy period. The median (interquartile range) prevalence ratio of use, at any time during pregnancy, for all products was 0.2 (0.1-0.3) comparing pregnant to nonpregnant episodes. Overall, there was a decrease in drug utilization by trimester; from 2.6% in the 90 days preceding pregnancy to 2.1% in the first trimester, 1.1% in the second trimester, and 0.9% in the third trimester. Read More
Impact of type 1 diabetes on maternal long-term risk of hospitalisation and mortality: a nationwide combined clinical and register-based cohort study (The EPICOM study).
Knorr S, Juul S, Bytoft B, Lohse Z, Clausen TD, Jensen RB, Damm P, Beck-Nielsen H, Mathiesen ER, Jensen DM, Gravholt CH.
Diabetologia. 2018 May;61:1071-1080. doi: 10.1007/s00125-018-4575-5. Epub 2018 Feb 24.
The aims of this study were to examine long-term mortality and morbidity rates in mothers with type 1 diabetes. The authors found that mortality rate was increased threefold in mothers with diabetes compared with control mothers (HR 3.41 [95% CI 2.42, 4.81]; p < 0.0001), and was also increased with pre-gestational kidney dysfunction (normoalbuminuria, HR 2.17 [95% CI 1.28, 3.68]; microalbuminuria, HR 3.36 [95% CI 0.82, 13.8]; macroalbuminuria, HR 12.9 [95% CI 5.45, 30.7]). Mortality rate also increased with higher levels of HbA1c in early pregnancy (HbA1c ≤75 mmol/mol [≤9%], HR 2.15 [95% CI 1.31, 3.53]; HbA1c >75 mmol/mol [>9%], HR 6.10 [95% CI 2.67, 14.0]). However, in mothers with diabetes and HbA1c <64 mmol/mol (<8%) in the first trimester and normal pre-gestational urinary albumin excretion rate (n = 517), mortality rate was comparable with that of control mothers. Read More
Ondansetron in pregnancy and the risk of congenital malformations: a systematic review.
Lavecchia M, Chari R, Campbell S, Ross S.
J Obstet Gynaecol Can. 2018 Jul;40:910-918. doi: 10.1016/j.jogc.2017.10.024. Epub 2018 May 10.
The aim of this study was to systematically review epidemiological evidence on the potential association of prenatal exposure to ondansetron and congenital malformations. Ten epidemiologic studies were included: five large retrospective cohort studies, two prospective observational studies, two population-based case-controls and a retrospective case series. A case-control study identified an association between prenatal exposure to ondansetron and cleft palate, and one cohort study found an increased risk of cardiovascular defects. These findings were not reproduced in the other studies. Read More
Assessment of recording bias in pregnancy studies using health care databases: An application to neurologic conditions.
MacDonald SC, Hernán MA, McElrath TF, Hernández-Díaz S.
Paediatr Perinat Epidemiol. 2018 May;32:281-286. doi: 10.1111/ppe.12459. Epub 2018 Mar 22.
Pre-existing conditions are imperfectly recorded in health care databases. The authors assessed whether pre-existing neurologic conditions (epilepsy, multiple sclerosis [MS]) were differentially recorded in the presence of major obstetric outcomes in delivery records. Of women with epilepsy identified in the pre-delivery window, 73% had the condition coded at delivery. For MS, the proportion was 60%. MS recording at delivery did not vary by obstetric outcomes, however, delivery-coded epilepsy was less likely confirmed in the pre-delivery window in the presence of preeclampsia. Generally, the period of ascertainment did not meaningfully impact risk ratios, however, the risk ratio for preeclampsia associated with epilepsy was 1.67 (95% CI 1.47, 1.90) when epilepsy was ascertained at delivery and 1.26 (95% CI 1.07, 1.48) when epilepsy was ascertained in the pre-delivery window (heterogeneity, P = .007). Read More
Diabetes and pregnancy: national trends over a 15 year period.
Mackin ST, Nelson SM, Kerssens JJ, Wood R, Wild S, Colhoun HM, Leese GP, Philip S, Lindsay RS(9); SDRN Epidemiology Group.
Diabetologia. 2018 May;61:1081-1088. doi: 10.1007/s00125-017-4529-3. Epub 2018 Jan 11.
The authors aimed to examine time trends in national perinatal outcomes in pregnancies complicated by pre-existing type 1 or type 2 diabetes. They analysed episode-level data on all obstetric inpatient delivery events (live or stillbirth) using the Scottish Morbidity Record (SMR02). The number of pregnancies complicated by diabetes increased significantly, by 44% in type 1 diabetes and 90% in type 2 diabetes, across the 15 years examined, to rates of 1 in 210 and 1 in 504 deliveries, respectively. The authors concluded that women with diabetes are receiving increased intervention in pregnancy (earlier delivery, increased Caesarean section rates), but despite this, higher birthweights are being recorded. Read More
Association of hypertensive disorders of pregnancy with risk of neurodevelopmental disorders in offspring: a systematic review and meta-analysis.
Maher GM, O'Keeffe GW, Kearney PM, Kenny LC, Dinan TG, Mattsson M, Khashan AS.
JAMA Psychiatry. 2018 Jun 6. doi: 10.1001/jamapsychiatry.2018.0854. [Epub ahead of print]
The authors aimed to synthesize the published literature on the association between HDP and risk of neurodevelopmental disorders in offspring in a systematic review and meta-analysis. Of 1166 studies identified, 61 unique articles met inclusion criteria. Twenty studies reported estimates for ASD. Eleven of these (including 777 518 participants) reported adjusted estimates, with a pooled adjusted OR of 1.35 (95% CI, 1.11-1.64). Ten studies reported estimates for ADHD. Six of these (including 1 395 605 participants) reported adjusted estimates, with a pooled adjusted OR of 1.29 (95% CI, 1.22-1.36). Individual estimates reported for these were largely inconsistent, with few patterns of association observed. Read More
Use of trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole during pregnancy and risk of spontaneous abortion: a nested case control study.
Muanda FT, Sheehy O, Bérard A.
Br J Clin Pharmacol. 2018 Jun;84:1198-1205. doi: 10.1111/bcp.13542. Epub 2018 Mar 25.
The authors conducted a nested control study within the Quebec Pregnancy Cohort. For each case of SA, we selected 10 controls at the index date that were matched on gestational age and year of pregnancy. TMP-SMX exposure was defined as either having filled at least one prescription between the first day of gestation (1DG) and the index date, or as having filled a prescription before pregnancy but with a duration overlapping the 1DG (102 pregnancies exposed to TMP-SMX, including 25 cases of SA and 77 controls). Adjusting for potential confounders, TMP-SMX exposure was associated with an increased risk of SA (AOR 2.94, 95% C 1.89-4.57, 25 exposed cases). Read More
Maternal and infant outcomes associated with lithium use in pregnancy: an international collaborative meta-analysis of six cohort studies.
Munk-Olsen T, Liu X, Viktorin A, Brown HK, Di Florio A, D'Onofrio BM, Gomes T, Howard LM, Khalifeh H, Krohn H, Larsson H, Lichtenstein P, Taylor CL, Van Kamp I, Wesseloo R, Meltzer-Brody S, Vigod SN, Bergink V.
Lancet Psychiatry. 2018 Jun 18. pii: S2215-0366(18)30180-9. doi: 10.1016/S2215-0366(18)30180-9. [Epub ahead of print]
The authors aimed to investigate the association between in-utero lithium exposure and risk of pregnancy complications, delivery outcomes, neonatal morbidity, and congenital malformations. Pregnancies were grouped into a lithium-exposed group and a mood disorder reference group. Lithium exposure was not associated with any of the predefined pregnancy complications or delivery outcomes. An increased risk for neonatal readmission within 28 days of birth was seen in the lithium-exposed group compared with the reference group (pooled prevalence 27·5% [95% CI 15·8-39·1] vs 14·3% [10·4-18·2]; pooled aOR 1·62, 95% CI 1·12-2·33). Lithium exposure during the first trimester was associated with an increased risk of major malformations (pooled prevalence 7·4% [95% CI 4·0-10·7] vs 4·3% [3·7-4·8]; pooled aOR 1·71, 95% CI 1·07-2·72) but for major cardiac malformations the difference was not significant (2·1% [0·5-3·7] vs 1·6% [1·0-2·1]; pooled aOR 1·54, 95% CI 0·64-3·70). Read More
In vitro fertilization, interpregnancy interval, and risk of adverse perinatal outcomes.
Palmsten K, Homer MV, Zhang Y, Crawford S, Kirby RS, Copeland G, Chambers CD, Kissin DM, Su HI; States Monitoring Assisted Reproductive Technology Collaborative.
Fertil Steril. 2018 May;109:840-848.e1. doi: 10.1016/j.fertnstert.2018.01.019.
The authors compared associations between interpregnancy intervals (IPIs) and adverse perinatal outcomes in deliveries following IVF with deliveries following spontaneous conception or other (non-IVF) fertility treatments. They established a cohort using linked birth certificate and assisted reproductive technology surveillance data from Massachusetts and Michigan and assessed associations between IPI and preterm birth (PTB), low birth weight (LBW), and small for gestational age (SGA) according to live birth or nonlive pregnancy outcome in the previous pregnancy. The authors concluded that following live births, IPIs <12 or ≥60 months were associated with higher risks of most adverse perinatal outcomes in both IVF and non-IVF deliveries. Read More
Continuation of atypical antipsychotic medication during early pregnancy and the risk of gestational diabetes.
Park Y, Hernandez-Diaz S, Bateman BT, Cohen JM, Desai RJ, Patorno E, Glynn RJ, Cohen LS, Mogun H, Huybrechts KF.
Am J Psychiatry. 2018 Jun 1;175(6):564-574. doi: 10.1176/appi.ajp.2018.17040393. Epub 2018 May 7.
The authors examined the risk of developing gestational diabetes associated with the continuation of treatment with aripiprazole, ziprasidone, quetiapine, risperidone, and olanzapine during pregnancy compared with discontinuation of these antipsychotic drugs. Among 1,543,334 pregnancies, some expectant mothers at baseline were receiving treatment with aripiprazole (N=1,924), ziprasidone (N=673), quetiapine (N=4,533), risperidone (N=1,824), or olanzapine (N=1,425). The adjusted relative risks were 0.82 (95% CI=0.50-1.33) for aripiprazole, 0.76 (95% CI=0.29-2.00) for ziprasidone, 1.28 (95% CI=1.01-1.62) for quetiapine, 1.09 (95% CI=0.70-1.70) for risperidone, and 1.61 (95% CI=1.13-2.29) for olanzapine. Compared with women who discontinued use of an atypical antipsychotic medication before the start of pregnancy, women who continued treatment with olanzapine or quetiapine had an increased risk of gestational diabetes that may be explained by the metabolic effects associated with these two drugs
.
Oral fluconazole in pregnancy and risk of stillbirth and neonatal death.
Pasternak B, Wintzell V, Furu K, Engeland A, Neovius M, Stephansson O.
JAMA. 2018 Jun 12;319(22):2333-2335. doi: 10.1001/jama.2018.6237. Read More
In this study, the authors investigated if fluconazole use during pregnancy is associated with stillbirth and neonatal death. From a cohort of 1 485 316 pregnancies, 10 669 exposed and 106 690 unexposed pregnancies were included in the matched analysis of stillbirth, and 10 640 exposed and 106 387 unexposed pregnancies in the matched analysis of neonatal death. There were 2.7 stillbirths per 1000 exposed pregnancies and 3.6 per 1000 unexposed pregnancies (HR, 0.76 [95% CI,
0.52-1.10]), and 1.2 neonatal deaths per 1000 exposed pregnancies and 1.7 per 1000 unexposed pregnancies (RR, 0.73 [95% CI, 0.42-1.29]; Table 2). Results were similar for doses of 300 mg or less and for more than 300 mg. Read More
The impact of maternal antibiotics on neonatal disease.
Reed BD, Schibler KR, Deshmukh H, Ambalavanan N, Morrow AL.
J Pediatr. 2018 Jun;197:97-103.e3. doi: 10.1016/j.jpeds.2018.01.056. Epub 2018 Mar 16.
The authors examined the impact of prenatal exposure to maternal antibiotics on risk of necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC), late onset sepsis (LOS), and death in infants born preterm. The authors found that two-thirds of mothers received antibiotics within 72 hours before delivery, of whom 59.8% received >1 antibiotic. In multiple logistic regression models adjusted for confounders, prenatal antibiotic exposure was associated with reduced risk of NEC (OR 0.28; 95% CI 0.14-0.56; P < .001), death (OR 0.29; 95% CI 0.14-0.60; P = .001), but not LOS (OR 1.59; 95% CI 0.84-2.99; P = .15), although protection was significant for the combined outcome (OR 0.52, P < .001). High postnatal empiric antibiotic exposure was associated with greater risk of death but not other outcomes in multiple regression models (OR 3.18, P = .002). Read More
Absolute risks of obstetric outcomes risks by maternal age at first birth: a population-based cohort.
Schummers L, Hutcheon JA, Hacker MR, VanderWeele TJ, Williams PL, McElrath TF, Hernandez-Diaz S.
Epidemiology. 2018 May;29:379-387. doi: 10.1097/EDE.0000000000000818.
Using a population-based cohort of nulliparous women in British Columbia, Canada, the authors examined relationships between maternal age and pregnancy outcomes using logistic regression. They found that risks of hypertensive disorders increased gradually until age 35, then accelerated. Risk of multiple gestations, major congenital anomalies, and maternal mortality or severe morbidity increased slowly until age 30, then accelerated. Cesarean delivery and gestational diabetes risks increased linearly with age. While indicated preterm delivery increased rapidly with maternal age, spontaneous preterm delivery did not. Stillbirth, neonatal mortality, and infant mortality had j-shaped relationships with maternal age, with nadirs near 30. Read More
Effect of glyburide vs subcutaneous insulin on perinatal complications among women with gestational diabetes: a randomized clinical trial.
Sénat MV, Affres H, Letourneau A, Coustols-Valat M, Cazaubiel M, Legardeur H, Jacquier JF, Bourcigaux N, Simon E, Rod A, Héron I, Castera V, Sentilhes L, Bretelle F, Rolland C, Morin M, Deruelle P, De Carne C, Maillot F, Beucher G, Verspyck E, Desbriere R, Laboureau S, Mitanchez D, Bouyer J; Groupe de Recherche en Obstétrique et Gynécologie.
JAMA. 2018 May 1;319(17):1773-1780. doi: 10.1001/jama.2018.4072.
The authors compared oral glyburide vs subcutaneous insulin in prevention of perinatal complications in newborns of women with gestational diabetes. Women who required pharmacologic treatment after 10 days of dietary intervention were randomly assigned to receive glyburide (n=460) or insulin (n=454). Among the 914 patients who were randomized (mean age, 32.8 [SD, 5.2] years), 98% completed the trial. In a per-protocol analysis, 367 and 442 women and their neonates were analyzed in the glyburide and insulin groups, respectively. The frequency of the primary outcome was 27.6% in the glyburide group and 23.4% in the insulin group, a difference of 4.2% (1-sided 97.5% CI, -∞ to 10.5%; P=.19). This study of women with gestational diabetes failed to show that use of glyburide compared with subcutaneous insulin does not result in a greater frequency of perinatal complications. Read More
Risk of preterm delivery and small-for-gestational-age births in women with autoimmune disease using biologics before or during pregnancy: a population-based cohort study.
Tsao NW, Sayre EC, Hanley G, Sadatsafavi M, Lynd LD, Marra CA, De Vera MA.
Ann Rheum Dis. 2018 Jun;77:869-874. doi: 10.1136/annrheumdis-2018-213023. Epub 2018 Mar 1.
The authors aimed to assess the risk of preterm delivery and small-for-gestational-age (SGA) births in women with autoimmune diseases using biologics before or during pregnancy. In unadjusted analyses, the ORs for the association of biologics exposure with preterm deliveries were 1.64 (95% CI 1.02 to 2.63) and 1.34 (95% CI 0.72 to 2.51) for SGA. After HDPS matching with 600 unexposed pregnancies, the ORs for the association of biologics exposure and preterm deliveries were 1.13 (95% CI 0.67 to 1.90) and 0.91 (95% CI 0.46 to 1.78) for SGA. Sensitivity analyses using HDPS deciles, continuous HDPS covariate or longer exposure window did not result in marked changes in point estimates and CIs. Read More
Prenatal exposure to antibiotics and risk of childhood obesity in a multi-center cohort study.
Wang B, Liu J, Zhang Y, Yan C, Wang H, Jiang F, Li F, Zhang J.
Am J Epidemiol. 2018 Jun 11. doi: 10.1093/aje/kwy122. [Epub ahead of print]
The authors aimed to assess the association between fetal exposure to antibiotics and obesity at ages 4 and 7 years. Prenatal exposure to antibiotics repeatedly was associated with childhood obesity at age 7 years, and risk of obesity tended to increase with an increasing number of antibiotic exposures (2-3 times: RR = 1.22, 95% CI [CI]: 1.04, 1.44; ≥ 4 times: RR = 1.34, 95% CI: 1.03, 1.73). The magnitude of association was strongest for repeated exposures in second trimester (RR = 1.40, 95% CI = 1.16, 1.71). Prenatal antibiotic use was not associated with obesity or BMI z-score at age 4 years. These findings support an increased risk of mid-childhood obesity with repeated use of antibiotics during pregnancy. Read More
Antidepressant use during pregnancy and the risk of developing gestational hypertension: a retrospective cohort study.
Zakiyah N, Ter Heijne LF, Bos JH, Hak E, Postma MJ, Schuiling-Veninga CCM.
BMC Pregnancy Childbirth. 2018 May 29;18:187. doi: 10.1186/s12884-018-1825-y.
The aim of this study is to assess the association between the use of antidepressants during pregnancy and the risk of developing gestational hypertension. They found that the risk of gestational hypertension was doubled for women using antidepressant (aOR 2.00 95% CI 1.28-3.13). Significant associations were also found for the subgroup selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) (aOR 2.07 95% CI 1.25-3.44), ≥30 DDDs (aOR 2.50 95% CI 1.55-3.99) and maternal age of 30-34 years (aOR 2.59 95% CI 1.35-4.98). Varying the theoretical gestational age showed comparable results. Read More
Arendt LH, Henriksen TB, Lindhard MS, Parner ET, Olsen J, Ramlau-Hansen CH.
Epidemiology. 2018 Jun 14. doi: 10.1097/EDE.0000000000000878. [Epub ahead of print]
Although congenital abnormalities in the male reproductive tract are common, their causes remain poorly understood. The authors studied associations between hypertensive disorders of pregnancy and the genital anomalies, cryptorchidism, and hypospadias. They found associations between pre-gestational hypertension and cryptorchidism [HR: 1.3 (95% CI: 1.1, 1.6)] and hypospadias [HR: 1.7 (95% CI:1.3, 2.3)], whereas gestational hypertension was only associated with cryptorchidism [HR: 1.2 (95% CI: 1.1, 1.4)]. Boys of mothers with preeclampsia had the highest occurrence of cryptorchidism and hypospadias, increasing with preeclampsia severity. Further, the occurrence increased with early onset of preeclampsia diagnosis. Read More
The impact of expanded health insurance coverage for unauthorized pregnant women on prenatal care utilization.
Atkins DN, Held ML, Lindley LC.
Public Health Nurs. 2018 Jun 10. doi: 10.1111/phn.12524. [Epub ahead of print]
The objective of this study was to investigate the effect of expanding Medicaid health insurance coverage for unauthorized women on prenatal care utilization. The authors examined the prenatal care utilization of 20,876 unauthorized women from Nebraska, which expanded Medicaid coverage for unauthorized women, and South Carolina, which has never expanded coverage. Analysis entailed a difference-in-difference approach to compare prenatal care utilization by state, both before and after legislation was passed to fund care among unauthorized women in Nebraska. Unauthorized women living in Nebraska during Medicaid expansion were 28% more likely to receive adequate prenatal care (OR=1.28, p<0.01) and had about one more prenatal care visit (IRR=1.05, p<0.01) than women who did not have expanded Medicaid coverage. Read More
Prenatal paracetamol exposure and child neurodevelopment: a review.
Bauer AZ, Kriebel D, Herbert MR, Bornehag CG, Swan SH.
Horm Behav. 2018 May;101:125-147. doi: 10.1016/j.yhbeh.2018.01.003. Epub 2018 Feb
The authors conducted a review of publications reporting associations between prenatal APAP use and offspring neurodevelopmental outcomes. Sources were identified through a key word search of multiple databases (Medline, CINAHL, OVID and TOXNET) in September 2016. 64 studies were retrieved and nine prospective cohort studies fulfilled all inclusion criteria. Data pooling was not appropriate due to heterogeneity in outcomes. All included studies suggested an association between prenatal APAP exposure and the neurodevelopmental outcomes; ADHD, ASD, or lower IQ. Longer duration of APAP use was associated with increased risk. Associations were strongest for hyperactivity and attention-related outcomes. Little modification of associations by indication for use was reported. Read More
Effectiveness of prenatal tetanus, diphtheria, acellular pertussis vaccination in the prevention of infant pertussis in the U.S.
Becker-Dreps S, Butler AM, McGrath LJ, Boggess KA, Weber DJ, Li D, Hudgens MG, Layton JB.
Am J Prev Med. 2018 Jun 11. pii: S0749-3797(18)31696-9. doi: 10.1016/j.amepre.2018.04.013. [Epub ahead of print]
It is recommended that all pregnant women in the U.S. receive tetanus, diphtheria, acellular pertussis (Tdap) immunization to prevent infant pertussis. This study's objective was to examine the clinical effectiveness of prenatal Tdap, and whether effectiveness varies by gestational age at immunization. There were 675,167 mother-infant pairs in the cohort. Among infants whose mothers received prenatal Tdap, the rate of pertussis was 43% lower (hazard ratio=0.57, 95% CI=0.35, 0.92) than infants whose mothers did not receive prenatal or postpartum Tdap. Pertussis rates were also lower for infants whose mothers received Tdap during the third trimester. Infants whose mothers received Tdap at <27 weeks of gestation did not experience reductions in pertussis rates (hazard ratio for pertussis=1.10, 95% CI=0.54, 2.25). Read More
Development of an algorithm to identify pregnancy episodes and related outcomes in health care claims databases: An application to antiepileptic drug use in 4.9 million pregnant women in France.
Blotière PO, Weill A, Dalichampt M, Billionnet C, Mezzarobba M, Raguideau F, Dray-Spira R, Zureik M, Coste J, Alla F.
Pharmacoepidemiol Drug Saf. 2018 Jul;27:763-770. doi: 10.1002/pds.4556. Epub 2018 May 15.
The authors developed an algorithm to identify pregnancy episodes in the French health care databases and applied it to study antiepileptic drug (AED) use during pregnancy. To differentiate claims associated with separate pregnancies, an interval of at least 28 weeks was required between 2 consecutive pregnancies resulting in a birth and 6 weeks for terminations of pregnancy. According to the algorithm, live birth was the most common pregnancy outcome (73.9%), followed by elective abortion (17.2%), spontaneous abortion (4.2%), ectopic pregnancy (1.1%), therapeutic abortion (1.0%), and stillbirth (0.4%). Among 7,559,701 pregnancies starting between 2007 and 2014, 6.7 per 1000 pregnancies were exposed to an AED. The number of pregnancies exposed to older AEDs, comprising the most teratogenic AEDs, decreased throughout the study period (-69.4%), while the use of newer AEDs increased (+73.4%). Read More
The impact of prenatal diagnosis on congenital anomaly outcomes: Data from 1997 to 2016.
Braz P, Machado A, Matias Dias C.
Eur J Med Genet. 2018 Jun 14. pii: S1769-7212(18)30168-X. doi:10.1016/j.ejmg.2018.06.006. [Epub ahead of print]
The aim of this study was to assess the impact of prenatal diagnosis in Portugal in pregnancies with congenital anomalies. At least one malformation was detected for the first time through ultrasound (47.4%), invasive tests (5.6%) and other tests (2.2%). When analysed severe congenital anomalies (CA), 54.2% was detectible by prenatal ultrasound. Terminations of Pregnancies for Foetal Anomaly (TOPFA) was the option for 21.3% of these CA. Over the 20 years of analysis, there was a statistically significant increase trend in the detection rate of congenital anomalies through prenatal diagnosis compared to detection at birth or after birth (p < 0.001). After adjustment for confounders, prenatal diagnosis was associated with more severe outcomes (TOPFA, 40.3%; Death 3.5%) and increased the risk of the pregnancy ending in foetal death (OR = 2.56; 95%CI = 2.06-3.18). Read More
Risk of preterm birth following late pregnancy exposure to NSAIDs or COX-2 inhibitors.
Bérard A, Sheehy O, Girard S, Zhao JP, Bernatsky S.
Pain. 2018 May;159:948-955. doi: 10.1097/j.pain.0000000000001163.
The Authors aimed to quantify the risk of prematurity associated with late pregnancy exposure to nonselective NSAIDs, selective COX-2 inhibitors, and biological agents. Late pregnancy exposure was defined as having filled at least 1 prescription for nonselective NSAIDs, selective COX-2 inhibitors, or biological agents in the 3 months before delivery. After adjustment for maternal autoimmune diseases, concomitant medication use, and other risk factors, COX-2 inhibitor use in late pregnancy was associated with a 2.46-fold increased risk of prematurity (adjusted OR, 2.46; 95% CI, 1.28-4.72) compared to nonuse; only late pregnancy exposure to celecoxib was found to increase the risk (adjusted OR, 3.41; 95% CI, 1.29-9.02). Read More
Use of nimesulide during early pregnancy and the risk of congenital malformations: a population-based study from Italy.
Cantarutti A, Franchi M, Rea F, Merlino L, Corrao G.
Adv Ther. 2018 Jun 19. doi: 10.1007/s12325-018-0735-8. [Epub ahead of print]
The association between the use of nimesulide in early pregnancy and the risk of birth defects was investigated in a large cohort of pregnant women from Italy. Exposure to nimesulide during the first trimester of pregnancy, and congenital malformations detected at presentation and within 90 days after birth (outcome), were investigated. Exposure-outcome association was measured by the ratio between the prevalence of congenital malformations among users and non-users of nimesulide. The 627 (0.18%) women who filled prescriptions for nimesulide in the first trimester of pregnancy had a 2.6-fold risk of having children with congenital urinary tract anomalies compared to those who did not (adjusted prevalence ratio 2.6; 95% CI 1.2-5.7). Weaker and non-significant evidence for congenital malformations as a whole was found (adjusted prevalence ratio 1.2, 95% CI 0.9-1.6). Read More
Association between hypertensive disorders during pregnancy and the subsequent risk of end-stage renal disease: a population-based follow-up study.
Dai L, Chen Y, Sun W, Liu S.
J Obstet Gynaecol Can. 2018 Jun 19. pii: S1701-2163(17)31013-7. doi: 10.1016/j.jogc.2018.01.022. [Epub ahead of print]
The authors aimed assess whether hypertensive disorders during pregnancy (HDPs) are associated with the subsequent development of end-stage renal disease (ESRD). The present study included 1 598 043 women who delivered in Canadian hospitals between April 1993 and March 2003. An increased risk of ESRD hospitalization was observed in pregnant women with pre-eclampsia/eclampsia (adjusted hazard ratio [aHR] = 4.7, 95% CI 3.6-6.0), unspecified HDPs (aHR = 4.6, 95% CI 2.8-7.7), or gestational hypertension (aHR = 3.3, 95% CI 2.1-5.1). The risk of subsequent ESRD hospitalization appeared to be lower for women who had ≥2 deliveries compared with those who had one delivery during the study period. Read More
Infertility treatments during pregnancy and the risk of autism spectrum disorder in the offspring.
Davidovitch M, Chodick G, Shalev V, Eisenberg VH, Dan U, Reichenberg A, Sandin S, Levine SZ.
Prog Neuropsychopharmacol Biol Psychiatry. 2018 Aug 30;86:175-179. doi: 10.1016/j.pnpbp.2018.05.022. Epub 2018 Jun 1.
The authors aimed to examine the effects of infertility treatments on the risk of Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD). Data were from a representative national registry on 110,093 male live births in Israel (born: 1999-2008; and ASD: 975, 0.9%). Infertility treatments included In Vitro Fertilization (IVF), and five hormone treatments. Results showed that IVF treatment compared with spontaneous conception was not statistically significantly associated with the risk of ASD. Only progesterone hormone treatment was associated with a statistically significant (p < .05) increased risk of ASD (RR = 1.51, 95% CI 1.22, 1.86) compared to the group with no progesterone treatment. Read More
Association between prenatal valproate exposure and performance on standardized language and mathematics tests in school-aged children.
Elkjær LS, Bech BH, Sun Y, Laursen TM, Christensen J.
JAMA Neurol. 2018 Jun 1;75:663-671. doi: 10.1001/jamaneurol.2017.5035.
The authors aimed to estimate the association between long-term school performance and prenatal exposure to valproate and a number of other antiepileptic drugs (AEDs). Of the 656 496 children identified, 479 027 children who participated in the national tests were evaluated. Valproate-exposed children scored worse on the sixth-grade Danish tests (adjusted difference, -0.27 SD; 95% CI, -0.42 to -0.12) and sixth-grade mathematics tests (adjusted difference, -0.33 SD; (95% CI, -0.47 to -0.19) compared with unexposed children and children exposed to lamotrigine (adjusted difference, -0.33 SD; 95% CI, -0.60 to -0.06). Also, children exposed to clonazepam scored worse in the sixth-grade Danish tests (adjusted difference, -0.07 SD; 95% CI, -0.12 to -0.02). Carbamazepine, lamotrigine, phenobarbital, and oxcarbazepine were not linked to poor school performance compared with unexposed children. Read More
Prenatal phthalates, maternal thyroid function, and risk of attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder in the Norwegian mother and child cohort.
Engel SM, Villanger GD, Nethery RC, Thomsen C, Sakhi AK, Drover SSM, Hoppin JA, Zeiner P, Knudsen GP, Reichborn-Kjennerud T, Herring AH, Aase H.
Environ Health Perspect. 2018 May 10;126:057004. doi: 10.1289/EHP2358.
The authors undertook an investigation into whether prenatal exposure to phthalates was associated with clinically confirmed ADHD in a population-based nested case-control study of the Norwegian Mother and Child Cohort (MoBa). Cases of ADHD (n=297) were obtained through linkage between MoBa and the Norwegian National Patient Registry. A random sample of controls (n=553) from the MoBa population was obtained. In multivariable adjusted coexposure models, the sum of di-2-ethylhexyl phthalate metabolites (∑DEHP) was associated with a monotonically increasing risk of ADHD. Children of mothers in the highest quintile of ∑DEHP had almost three times the odds of an ADHD diagnosis as those in the lowest [OR=2.99 (95% CI: 1.47, 5.49)]. When ∑DEHP was modeled as a log-linear (natural log) term, for each log-unit increase in exposure, the odds of ADHD increased by 47% [OR=1.47 (95% CI: 1.09, 1.94)]. Read More
Effect of pregnancy on disease flares in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus.
Eudy AM, Siega-Riz AM, Engel SM, Franceschini N, Howard AG, Clowse MEB, Petri M.
Ann Rheum Dis. 2018 Jun;77:855-860. doi: 10.1136/annrheumdis-2017-212535. Epub 2018 Feb 20.
The authors estimated the effect of pregnancy on disease flares in systemic lupus erythematosus. The time-varying exposures were classified as pregnancy, postpartum or non-pregnant/non-postpartum periods. There was an increased rate of flare defined by PGA during pregnancy (HR: 1.59; 95% CI 1.27 to 1.96); however, this effect was modified by hydroxychloroquine (HCQ) use, with the HR of flares in pregnancy compared with non-pregnant/non-postpartum periods estimated to be 1.83 (95% CI 1.34 to 2.45) for patients with no HCQ use and 1.26 (95% CI 0.88 to 1.69) for patients with HCQ use. The risk of flare was similarly elevated among non-HCQ users in the 3 months postpartum, but not for women taking HCQ after delivery. Read More
Prospective cohort study of pregnancy complications and birth outcomes in women with asthma.
Fazel N, Kundi M, Jensen-Jarolim E, Pali-Schöll I,
Kazemzadeh A, Abdizadeh MF, Esmaily H, Akbarzadeh R, Ahmadi R(9).
Arch Gynecol Obstet. 2018 Aug;298:279-287. doi: 10.1007/s00404-018-4800-y. Epub 2018 May 24.
The purpose of this study was to determine the association between maternal asthma and a spectrum of adverse neonatal and maternal outcomes. Women with asthma had more bleeding events 3 weeks or more before delivery (OR 3.30, 95% CI 1.41-7.26), more often placenta problems (OR 6.86, 95% CI 1.42-33.02), and gestational diabetes mellitus (OR 3.82, 95% CI 1.06-13.75). No significant differences between asthmatic and non-asthmatic mothers regarding duration of gestation, birthweight, low Apgar scores, or neonatal respiratory difficulties were found. Total IgE antibody levels and eosinophil counts did not differ by asthma control and severity. Read More
Obstetrical and neonatal outcomes after benzodiazepine exposure during pregnancy: Results from a prospective registry of women with psychiatric disorders.
Freeman MP, Góez-Mogollón L, McInerney KA, Davies AC, Church TR, Sosinsky AZ, Noe OB, Viguera AC, Cohen LS.
Gen Hosp Psychiatry. 2018 May 29;53:73-79. doi: 10.1016/j.genhosppsych.2018.05.010. [Epub ahead of print]
The goal of this analysis was to examine the effect of benzodiazepine use during pregnancy on maternal and neonatal outcomes in a cohort of women with psychiatric disorders. 794 evaluable women from the Massachusetts General Hospital National Pregnancy Registry for Psychiatric Medications were followed across pregnancy (N = 144 exposed to benzodiazepines and N = 650 unexposed). In adjusted analyses, infants exposed to benzodiazepines in utero were more likely to be admitted to the NICU (OR: 2.02, 95% CI: 1.11, 3.66) and to have small head circumferences (OR: 3.89, 95% CI: 1.25, 12.03) compared to unexposed infants. Other neonatal adverse effects such as respiratory distress or muscular symptoms including hypotonia were not observed. There were no significant differences in adverse obstetrical outcomes. Read More
The timing of onset of hypertensive disorders in pregnancy and the risk of incident hypertension and cardiovascular disease.
Grandi SM, Reynier P, Platt RW, Basso O, Filion KB.
Int J Cardiol. 2018 Jun 18. pii: S0167-5273(18)30867-2. doi: 10.1016/j.ijcard.2018.06.059. [Epub ahead of print]
Previous studies suggest that women with hypertensive disorders of pregnancy (HDP) are at increased risk of subsequent cardiovascular disease (CVD). However, it is unclear whether this association differs by timing of onset of HDP. In this study, they found that compared with women with no HDP, those with early-onset HDP had a higher risk of developing incident CVD (HR 2.6, 95% CI 1.5, 4.3) and hypertension (HR 4.3, 95% CI 3.6, 5.0). Wide CIs precluded any conclusions regarding a difference in the risk of incident CVD and hypertension in women with early- vs late-onset HDP (HR 0.90, 95% CI 0.50, 1.62 and HR 1.06, 95% CI 0.87, 1.28, respectively). Read More
Prenatal triptan exposure and neurodevelopmental outcomes in 5-year-old children: follow-up from the Norwegian mother and child cohort study.
Harris GE, Wood M, Ystrom E, Nordeng H.
Paediatr Perinat Epidemiol. 2018 May; 32:247-255. doi: 10.1111/ppe.12461. Epub 2018 Mar 23.
Triptans are commonly used to treat migraine headaches, but data on the long-term safety of these medications during pregnancy are sparse. The authors included 3784 children in the Norwegian Mother and Child Cohort Study, whose reported a history of migraine or triptan use. 353 (9.3%) mothers reported use of triptans during pregnancy, 1509 (39.9%) reported migraine during pregnancy but no triptan use, and 1922 (50.8%) had migraine prior to pregnancy only. Triptan-exposed children scored higher on the sociability trait than unexposed children of mothers with migraine (β 1.66, 95% CI [0.30, 3.02]). Read More
Utilization of drugs with pregnancy exposure registries during pregnancy.
Illoh OA, Toh S, Andrade SE, Hampp C, Sahin L, Gelperin K, Taylor L, Bird ST.
Pharmacoepidemiol Drug Saf. 2018 Jun;27:604-611. doi: 10.1002/pds.4409. Epub 2018 Mar 8.
The authors aimed to describe the utilization of drugs with pregnancy exposure registries by trimester during pregnancy, in comparison with matched nonpregnant episodes and a pre-pregnancy period. They observed a lower prevalence of use for most drugs during pregnancy compared with the matched nonpregnant episodes, and the 90-day pre-pregnancy period. The median (interquartile range) prevalence ratio of use, at any time during pregnancy, for all products was 0.2 (0.1-0.3) comparing pregnant to nonpregnant episodes. Overall, there was a decrease in drug utilization by trimester; from 2.6% in the 90 days preceding pregnancy to 2.1% in the first trimester, 1.1% in the second trimester, and 0.9% in the third trimester. Read More
Impact of type 1 diabetes on maternal long-term risk of hospitalisation and mortality: a nationwide combined clinical and register-based cohort study (The EPICOM study).
Knorr S, Juul S, Bytoft B, Lohse Z, Clausen TD, Jensen RB, Damm P, Beck-Nielsen H, Mathiesen ER, Jensen DM, Gravholt CH.
Diabetologia. 2018 May;61:1071-1080. doi: 10.1007/s00125-018-4575-5. Epub 2018 Feb 24.
The aims of this study were to examine long-term mortality and morbidity rates in mothers with type 1 diabetes. The authors found that mortality rate was increased threefold in mothers with diabetes compared with control mothers (HR 3.41 [95% CI 2.42, 4.81]; p < 0.0001), and was also increased with pre-gestational kidney dysfunction (normoalbuminuria, HR 2.17 [95% CI 1.28, 3.68]; microalbuminuria, HR 3.36 [95% CI 0.82, 13.8]; macroalbuminuria, HR 12.9 [95% CI 5.45, 30.7]). Mortality rate also increased with higher levels of HbA1c in early pregnancy (HbA1c ≤75 mmol/mol [≤9%], HR 2.15 [95% CI 1.31, 3.53]; HbA1c >75 mmol/mol [>9%], HR 6.10 [95% CI 2.67, 14.0]). However, in mothers with diabetes and HbA1c <64 mmol/mol (<8%) in the first trimester and normal pre-gestational urinary albumin excretion rate (n = 517), mortality rate was comparable with that of control mothers. Read More
Ondansetron in pregnancy and the risk of congenital malformations: a systematic review.
Lavecchia M, Chari R, Campbell S, Ross S.
J Obstet Gynaecol Can. 2018 Jul;40:910-918. doi: 10.1016/j.jogc.2017.10.024. Epub 2018 May 10.
The aim of this study was to systematically review epidemiological evidence on the potential association of prenatal exposure to ondansetron and congenital malformations. Ten epidemiologic studies were included: five large retrospective cohort studies, two prospective observational studies, two population-based case-controls and a retrospective case series. A case-control study identified an association between prenatal exposure to ondansetron and cleft palate, and one cohort study found an increased risk of cardiovascular defects. These findings were not reproduced in the other studies. Read More
Assessment of recording bias in pregnancy studies using health care databases: An application to neurologic conditions.
MacDonald SC, Hernán MA, McElrath TF, Hernández-Díaz S.
Paediatr Perinat Epidemiol. 2018 May;32:281-286. doi: 10.1111/ppe.12459. Epub 2018 Mar 22.
Pre-existing conditions are imperfectly recorded in health care databases. The authors assessed whether pre-existing neurologic conditions (epilepsy, multiple sclerosis [MS]) were differentially recorded in the presence of major obstetric outcomes in delivery records. Of women with epilepsy identified in the pre-delivery window, 73% had the condition coded at delivery. For MS, the proportion was 60%. MS recording at delivery did not vary by obstetric outcomes, however, delivery-coded epilepsy was less likely confirmed in the pre-delivery window in the presence of preeclampsia. Generally, the period of ascertainment did not meaningfully impact risk ratios, however, the risk ratio for preeclampsia associated with epilepsy was 1.67 (95% CI 1.47, 1.90) when epilepsy was ascertained at delivery and 1.26 (95% CI 1.07, 1.48) when epilepsy was ascertained in the pre-delivery window (heterogeneity, P = .007). Read More
Diabetes and pregnancy: national trends over a 15 year period.
Mackin ST, Nelson SM, Kerssens JJ, Wood R, Wild S, Colhoun HM, Leese GP, Philip S, Lindsay RS(9); SDRN Epidemiology Group.
Diabetologia. 2018 May;61:1081-1088. doi: 10.1007/s00125-017-4529-3. Epub 2018 Jan 11.
The authors aimed to examine time trends in national perinatal outcomes in pregnancies complicated by pre-existing type 1 or type 2 diabetes. They analysed episode-level data on all obstetric inpatient delivery events (live or stillbirth) using the Scottish Morbidity Record (SMR02). The number of pregnancies complicated by diabetes increased significantly, by 44% in type 1 diabetes and 90% in type 2 diabetes, across the 15 years examined, to rates of 1 in 210 and 1 in 504 deliveries, respectively. The authors concluded that women with diabetes are receiving increased intervention in pregnancy (earlier delivery, increased Caesarean section rates), but despite this, higher birthweights are being recorded. Read More
Association of hypertensive disorders of pregnancy with risk of neurodevelopmental disorders in offspring: a systematic review and meta-analysis.
Maher GM, O'Keeffe GW, Kearney PM, Kenny LC, Dinan TG, Mattsson M, Khashan AS.
JAMA Psychiatry. 2018 Jun 6. doi: 10.1001/jamapsychiatry.2018.0854. [Epub ahead of print]
The authors aimed to synthesize the published literature on the association between HDP and risk of neurodevelopmental disorders in offspring in a systematic review and meta-analysis. Of 1166 studies identified, 61 unique articles met inclusion criteria. Twenty studies reported estimates for ASD. Eleven of these (including 777 518 participants) reported adjusted estimates, with a pooled adjusted OR of 1.35 (95% CI, 1.11-1.64). Ten studies reported estimates for ADHD. Six of these (including 1 395 605 participants) reported adjusted estimates, with a pooled adjusted OR of 1.29 (95% CI, 1.22-1.36). Individual estimates reported for these were largely inconsistent, with few patterns of association observed. Read More
Use of trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole during pregnancy and risk of spontaneous abortion: a nested case control study.
Muanda FT, Sheehy O, Bérard A.
Br J Clin Pharmacol. 2018 Jun;84:1198-1205. doi: 10.1111/bcp.13542. Epub 2018 Mar 25.
The authors conducted a nested control study within the Quebec Pregnancy Cohort. For each case of SA, we selected 10 controls at the index date that were matched on gestational age and year of pregnancy. TMP-SMX exposure was defined as either having filled at least one prescription between the first day of gestation (1DG) and the index date, or as having filled a prescription before pregnancy but with a duration overlapping the 1DG (102 pregnancies exposed to TMP-SMX, including 25 cases of SA and 77 controls). Adjusting for potential confounders, TMP-SMX exposure was associated with an increased risk of SA (AOR 2.94, 95% C 1.89-4.57, 25 exposed cases). Read More
Maternal and infant outcomes associated with lithium use in pregnancy: an international collaborative meta-analysis of six cohort studies.
Munk-Olsen T, Liu X, Viktorin A, Brown HK, Di Florio A, D'Onofrio BM, Gomes T, Howard LM, Khalifeh H, Krohn H, Larsson H, Lichtenstein P, Taylor CL, Van Kamp I, Wesseloo R, Meltzer-Brody S, Vigod SN, Bergink V.
Lancet Psychiatry. 2018 Jun 18. pii: S2215-0366(18)30180-9. doi: 10.1016/S2215-0366(18)30180-9. [Epub ahead of print]
The authors aimed to investigate the association between in-utero lithium exposure and risk of pregnancy complications, delivery outcomes, neonatal morbidity, and congenital malformations. Pregnancies were grouped into a lithium-exposed group and a mood disorder reference group. Lithium exposure was not associated with any of the predefined pregnancy complications or delivery outcomes. An increased risk for neonatal readmission within 28 days of birth was seen in the lithium-exposed group compared with the reference group (pooled prevalence 27·5% [95% CI 15·8-39·1] vs 14·3% [10·4-18·2]; pooled aOR 1·62, 95% CI 1·12-2·33). Lithium exposure during the first trimester was associated with an increased risk of major malformations (pooled prevalence 7·4% [95% CI 4·0-10·7] vs 4·3% [3·7-4·8]; pooled aOR 1·71, 95% CI 1·07-2·72) but for major cardiac malformations the difference was not significant (2·1% [0·5-3·7] vs 1·6% [1·0-2·1]; pooled aOR 1·54, 95% CI 0·64-3·70). Read More
In vitro fertilization, interpregnancy interval, and risk of adverse perinatal outcomes.
Palmsten K, Homer MV, Zhang Y, Crawford S, Kirby RS, Copeland G, Chambers CD, Kissin DM, Su HI; States Monitoring Assisted Reproductive Technology Collaborative.
Fertil Steril. 2018 May;109:840-848.e1. doi: 10.1016/j.fertnstert.2018.01.019.
The authors compared associations between interpregnancy intervals (IPIs) and adverse perinatal outcomes in deliveries following IVF with deliveries following spontaneous conception or other (non-IVF) fertility treatments. They established a cohort using linked birth certificate and assisted reproductive technology surveillance data from Massachusetts and Michigan and assessed associations between IPI and preterm birth (PTB), low birth weight (LBW), and small for gestational age (SGA) according to live birth or nonlive pregnancy outcome in the previous pregnancy. The authors concluded that following live births, IPIs <12 or ≥60 months were associated with higher risks of most adverse perinatal outcomes in both IVF and non-IVF deliveries. Read More
Continuation of atypical antipsychotic medication during early pregnancy and the risk of gestational diabetes.
Park Y, Hernandez-Diaz S, Bateman BT, Cohen JM, Desai RJ, Patorno E, Glynn RJ, Cohen LS, Mogun H, Huybrechts KF.
Am J Psychiatry. 2018 Jun 1;175(6):564-574. doi: 10.1176/appi.ajp.2018.17040393. Epub 2018 May 7.
The authors examined the risk of developing gestational diabetes associated with the continuation of treatment with aripiprazole, ziprasidone, quetiapine, risperidone, and olanzapine during pregnancy compared with discontinuation of these antipsychotic drugs. Among 1,543,334 pregnancies, some expectant mothers at baseline were receiving treatment with aripiprazole (N=1,924), ziprasidone (N=673), quetiapine (N=4,533), risperidone (N=1,824), or olanzapine (N=1,425). The adjusted relative risks were 0.82 (95% CI=0.50-1.33) for aripiprazole, 0.76 (95% CI=0.29-2.00) for ziprasidone, 1.28 (95% CI=1.01-1.62) for quetiapine, 1.09 (95% CI=0.70-1.70) for risperidone, and 1.61 (95% CI=1.13-2.29) for olanzapine. Compared with women who discontinued use of an atypical antipsychotic medication before the start of pregnancy, women who continued treatment with olanzapine or quetiapine had an increased risk of gestational diabetes that may be explained by the metabolic effects associated with these two drugs
.
Oral fluconazole in pregnancy and risk of stillbirth and neonatal death.
Pasternak B, Wintzell V, Furu K, Engeland A, Neovius M, Stephansson O.
JAMA. 2018 Jun 12;319(22):2333-2335. doi: 10.1001/jama.2018.6237. Read More
In this study, the authors investigated if fluconazole use during pregnancy is associated with stillbirth and neonatal death. From a cohort of 1 485 316 pregnancies, 10 669 exposed and 106 690 unexposed pregnancies were included in the matched analysis of stillbirth, and 10 640 exposed and 106 387 unexposed pregnancies in the matched analysis of neonatal death. There were 2.7 stillbirths per 1000 exposed pregnancies and 3.6 per 1000 unexposed pregnancies (HR, 0.76 [95% CI,
0.52-1.10]), and 1.2 neonatal deaths per 1000 exposed pregnancies and 1.7 per 1000 unexposed pregnancies (RR, 0.73 [95% CI, 0.42-1.29]; Table 2). Results were similar for doses of 300 mg or less and for more than 300 mg. Read More
The impact of maternal antibiotics on neonatal disease.
Reed BD, Schibler KR, Deshmukh H, Ambalavanan N, Morrow AL.
J Pediatr. 2018 Jun;197:97-103.e3. doi: 10.1016/j.jpeds.2018.01.056. Epub 2018 Mar 16.
The authors examined the impact of prenatal exposure to maternal antibiotics on risk of necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC), late onset sepsis (LOS), and death in infants born preterm. The authors found that two-thirds of mothers received antibiotics within 72 hours before delivery, of whom 59.8% received >1 antibiotic. In multiple logistic regression models adjusted for confounders, prenatal antibiotic exposure was associated with reduced risk of NEC (OR 0.28; 95% CI 0.14-0.56; P < .001), death (OR 0.29; 95% CI 0.14-0.60; P = .001), but not LOS (OR 1.59; 95% CI 0.84-2.99; P = .15), although protection was significant for the combined outcome (OR 0.52, P < .001). High postnatal empiric antibiotic exposure was associated with greater risk of death but not other outcomes in multiple regression models (OR 3.18, P = .002). Read More
Absolute risks of obstetric outcomes risks by maternal age at first birth: a population-based cohort.
Schummers L, Hutcheon JA, Hacker MR, VanderWeele TJ, Williams PL, McElrath TF, Hernandez-Diaz S.
Epidemiology. 2018 May;29:379-387. doi: 10.1097/EDE.0000000000000818.
Using a population-based cohort of nulliparous women in British Columbia, Canada, the authors examined relationships between maternal age and pregnancy outcomes using logistic regression. They found that risks of hypertensive disorders increased gradually until age 35, then accelerated. Risk of multiple gestations, major congenital anomalies, and maternal mortality or severe morbidity increased slowly until age 30, then accelerated. Cesarean delivery and gestational diabetes risks increased linearly with age. While indicated preterm delivery increased rapidly with maternal age, spontaneous preterm delivery did not. Stillbirth, neonatal mortality, and infant mortality had j-shaped relationships with maternal age, with nadirs near 30. Read More
Effect of glyburide vs subcutaneous insulin on perinatal complications among women with gestational diabetes: a randomized clinical trial.
Sénat MV, Affres H, Letourneau A, Coustols-Valat M, Cazaubiel M, Legardeur H, Jacquier JF, Bourcigaux N, Simon E, Rod A, Héron I, Castera V, Sentilhes L, Bretelle F, Rolland C, Morin M, Deruelle P, De Carne C, Maillot F, Beucher G, Verspyck E, Desbriere R, Laboureau S, Mitanchez D, Bouyer J; Groupe de Recherche en Obstétrique et Gynécologie.
JAMA. 2018 May 1;319(17):1773-1780. doi: 10.1001/jama.2018.4072.
The authors compared oral glyburide vs subcutaneous insulin in prevention of perinatal complications in newborns of women with gestational diabetes. Women who required pharmacologic treatment after 10 days of dietary intervention were randomly assigned to receive glyburide (n=460) or insulin (n=454). Among the 914 patients who were randomized (mean age, 32.8 [SD, 5.2] years), 98% completed the trial. In a per-protocol analysis, 367 and 442 women and their neonates were analyzed in the glyburide and insulin groups, respectively. The frequency of the primary outcome was 27.6% in the glyburide group and 23.4% in the insulin group, a difference of 4.2% (1-sided 97.5% CI, -∞ to 10.5%; P=.19). This study of women with gestational diabetes failed to show that use of glyburide compared with subcutaneous insulin does not result in a greater frequency of perinatal complications. Read More
Risk of preterm delivery and small-for-gestational-age births in women with autoimmune disease using biologics before or during pregnancy: a population-based cohort study.
Tsao NW, Sayre EC, Hanley G, Sadatsafavi M, Lynd LD, Marra CA, De Vera MA.
Ann Rheum Dis. 2018 Jun;77:869-874. doi: 10.1136/annrheumdis-2018-213023. Epub 2018 Mar 1.
The authors aimed to assess the risk of preterm delivery and small-for-gestational-age (SGA) births in women with autoimmune diseases using biologics before or during pregnancy. In unadjusted analyses, the ORs for the association of biologics exposure with preterm deliveries were 1.64 (95% CI 1.02 to 2.63) and 1.34 (95% CI 0.72 to 2.51) for SGA. After HDPS matching with 600 unexposed pregnancies, the ORs for the association of biologics exposure and preterm deliveries were 1.13 (95% CI 0.67 to 1.90) and 0.91 (95% CI 0.46 to 1.78) for SGA. Sensitivity analyses using HDPS deciles, continuous HDPS covariate or longer exposure window did not result in marked changes in point estimates and CIs. Read More
Prenatal exposure to antibiotics and risk of childhood obesity in a multi-center cohort study.
Wang B, Liu J, Zhang Y, Yan C, Wang H, Jiang F, Li F, Zhang J.
Am J Epidemiol. 2018 Jun 11. doi: 10.1093/aje/kwy122. [Epub ahead of print]
The authors aimed to assess the association between fetal exposure to antibiotics and obesity at ages 4 and 7 years. Prenatal exposure to antibiotics repeatedly was associated with childhood obesity at age 7 years, and risk of obesity tended to increase with an increasing number of antibiotic exposures (2-3 times: RR = 1.22, 95% CI [CI]: 1.04, 1.44; ≥ 4 times: RR = 1.34, 95% CI: 1.03, 1.73). The magnitude of association was strongest for repeated exposures in second trimester (RR = 1.40, 95% CI = 1.16, 1.71). Prenatal antibiotic use was not associated with obesity or BMI z-score at age 4 years. These findings support an increased risk of mid-childhood obesity with repeated use of antibiotics during pregnancy. Read More
Antidepressant use during pregnancy and the risk of developing gestational hypertension: a retrospective cohort study.
Zakiyah N, Ter Heijne LF, Bos JH, Hak E, Postma MJ, Schuiling-Veninga CCM.
BMC Pregnancy Childbirth. 2018 May 29;18:187. doi: 10.1186/s12884-018-1825-y.
The aim of this study is to assess the association between the use of antidepressants during pregnancy and the risk of developing gestational hypertension. They found that the risk of gestational hypertension was doubled for women using antidepressant (aOR 2.00 95% CI 1.28-3.13). Significant associations were also found for the subgroup selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) (aOR 2.07 95% CI 1.25-3.44), ≥30 DDDs (aOR 2.50 95% CI 1.55-3.99) and maternal age of 30-34 years (aOR 2.59 95% CI 1.35-4.98). Varying the theoretical gestational age showed comparable results. Read More
Pediatrics
Use of topical ocular antibiotics in young children: a Scandinavian drug utilization study
Andersson J, Hofsli M, Gade UL, Heegaard S, Pottegård A
Acta Ophthalmol. 2018 Jun 9. doi: 10.1111/aos.13813. [Epub ahead of print]
Using individual-level data from the Danish National Prescription Registry (2000-2015), the authors provided detailed descriptions of treatment patterns at the individual level, stratified by age (0-1 years, 2-4 years) and antibiotic substance. The incidence rate was relatively stable between 2000 and 2010, after which it dropped by 37% until 2015. The authors concluded that considerable variation is seen in the utilization of topical ocular antibiotics among children in Scandinavia, with Denmark having the highest use. Read More
A longitudinal examination of the asthma medication ratio in children
Andrews AL, Brinton D, Simpson KN, Simpson AN
Am J Manag Care. 2018 Jun;24(6):294-300.
Using 2013-2014 TruvenHealth MarketScan data, the authors calculated an AMR (number of controller medications / [number of controller medications + number of rescue medications]) for each rolling 3-month period and each rolling 6-month period. Using logistic regression, authors tested how a rolling AMR predicted a child's hospitalization or emergency department (ED) visit for asthma. A higher proportion of patients with high-risk AMRs (9.6% and 9.5%, respectively) had an ED visit or hospitalization compared with patients with low-risk (5.0% and 5.7%) and missing (3.5% and 3.2%) AMRs (P <.0001). Read More
Patterns of topical corticosteroids prescriptions in children with asthma
Arabkhazaeli A, Vijverberg SJH, van der Lee M, van der Ent CK, Bruijnzeel-Koomen CA, de Bruin-Weller MS, Raaijmakers JA, Maitland-van der Zee AH
Pediatr Dermatol. 2018 May;35(3):378-383. doi: 10.1111/pde.13455. Epub 2018 Mar 24.
The authors aimed to study topical corticosteroid use in Dutch asthmatic children using pharmacy dispensing data and to assess whether Dutch physicians prescribe topical corticosteroids in this population according to clinical guidelines. The study found that there is a statistically significantly higher prescription rate of topical corticosteroid for infants, and sometimes general practitioners prescribe more-potent topical corticosteroids without a prior prescription of the same potency by a specialist. Read More
The epidemiology of outpatient pain treatment in pediatrics
Baldridge S, Wallace L, Kadakia A
J Pain Res. 2018 May 3;11:913-921. doi: 10.2147/JPR.S158520. eCollection 2018.
The authors estimated the proportion of pediatric patients who were treated with nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) inhibitors, opioids (immediate release or extended release), antidepressants, topical analgesics, anticonvulsants, and other therapies based on a large, real-world sample using data from the Truven Health MarketScan® Research Databases. The types of pain treatments varied substantially by condition and age of the patient, with the highest prevalence of use in older children. Read More
Examining parental medication adherence as a predictor of child medication adherence in pediatric anxiety disorders
Bushnell GA, Brookhart MA, Gaynes BN, Compton SN, Dusetzina SB, Stürmer T
Med Care. 2018 Jun;56(6):510-519. doi: 10.1097/MLR.0000000000000911.
The study’s objective was to estimate SSRI adherence in children with anxiety disorders and determine if prior parental medication adherence is predictive of child high SSRI adherence. Overall 64% of children had high adherence if their parent had high SSRI adherence versus 53% of children with parents with low SSRI adherence (RD, 12%; multivariable risk ratios, 1.17; 95% confidence interval, 1.14-1.20). Findings were similar for parent statin (RD=10%) and antihypertensive adherence (RD=8%) and when stratified by child age and parent sex. Read More
Electronic health record (EHR) based postmarketing surveillance of adverse events associated with pediatric off-label medication use: a case study of short-acting beta-2 agonists and arrhythmias
Czaja AS, Ross ME, Liu W, Fiks AG, Localio R, Wasserman RC, Grundmeier RW, Adams WG; Comparative Effectiveness Research through Collaborative Electronic Reporting (CER2) Consortium.
Pharmacoepidemiol Drug Saf. 2018 Jul;27(7):815-822. doi: 10.1002/pds.4562. Epub 2018 May 27.
The authors used electronic health record (EHR) data from 2 pediatric health systems (2011-2013) to estimate the risk of arrhythmia associated with inhaled short-acting beta-2 agonists (SABA) in pediatric patients and (2) determine whether risk varied by on-label versus off-label prescribing. Using propensity score methodology, the authors found that the adjusted risk for arrhythmia was increased among exposed children (OR 1.89, 95% CI 1.31-2.73 in health system 1; OR 1.26, 95% CI 0.30-5.33 in health system 2) without evidence of interaction between label status and risk. Read More
Oral fluoroquinolone prescribing to children in the united states from 2006 to 2015
Etminan M, Guo M, Carleton B
Pediatr Infect Dis J. 2018 May 24. doi: 10.1097/INF.0000000000002121. [Epub ahead of print]
Fluoroquinolone (FQ) prescription rates have increased over the last 10 years despite recent warnings of serious adverse. Drug prescription data from the PharMetrics Plus™ health claims database (United States) were analyzed to examine dispensing of ciprofloxacin, levofloxacin, moxifloxacin, ofloxacin, or gemifloxacin to children from 2006 to 2015. The study suggests an increase in the prescribing of FQs, mostly ciprofloxacin, over a ten-year period although numbers have decreased slightly in 2014 and 2015. At least one in five prescriptions were deemed unnecessary. Read More
Increased fracture risk with furosemide use in children with congenital heart disease
Heo JH, Rascati KL, Lopez KN, Moffett BS
J Pediatr. 2018 May 9. doi: 10.1016/j.jpeds.2018.03.077. [Epub ahead of print]
The study examined the association of furosemide therapy with the incidence of bone fractures in children with congenital heart disease using data from the 2008-2014 Texas Medicaid databases. Propensity score matching was used to compare furosemide adherent, furosemide nonadherent, and no furosemide users. Both furosemide groups were more likely to have fractures than the no furosemide group: furosemide-adherent OR of 1.9 (95% CI, 1.17-2.98; P = .009); furosemide nonadherent OR of 1.5 (95% CI, 1.10-2.14; P = .01). Read More
Drug utilization among Dutch adolescents: a pharmacy prescription records study
Kosse RC, Koster ES, de Vries TW, Bouvy ML
Arch Dis Child. 2018 Jun 1. doi: 10.1136/archdischild-2017-314692. [Epub ahead of print]
Studies on adolescent drug use are scarce as most studies do not distinguish between children and adolescents. Therefore, authors assessed overall drug use in adolescents (12-18 years) using pharmacy dispensing records from 62 community pharmacies in the Netherlands. Of the adolescents who collected at least one medication prescription, half of them collected dermatologicals (46.2% males; 52.3% females), followed by drugs for the respiratory system (43.4% males; 40.3% females) and anti-infectives for systemic use (31.3% males; 39.1% females). Read More
Efficacy, acceptability, and tolerability of antipsychotics in children and adolescents with schizophrenia: a network meta-analysis
Krause M, Zhu Y, Huhn M, Schneider-Thoma J, Bighelli I, Chaimani A, Leucht S
Eur Neuropsychopharmacol. 2018 Jun;28(6):659-674. doi: 10.1016/j.euroneuro.2018.03.008. Epub 2018 May 24.
The authors integrated all the randomized evidence from the available antipsychotics used for this subgroup by performing a network-meta-analysis and pairwise meta-analysis. Twenty-eight RCTs with 3003 unique participants (58% males; mean age 14.41 years) published from 1967 to 2017 were identified. Clozapine was significantly more effective than all other analyzed antipsychotics. There were evidence gaps for some drugs and many outcomes, especially safety outcomes. The available evidence showed that the treatment effects were similar compared to findings in adult patients with schizophrenia. Read More
Assessing drug safety in children - the role of real-world data
McMahon AW, Dal Pan G
N Engl J Med. 2018 Jun 7;378(23):2155-2157. doi: 10.1056/NEJMp1802197
There are substantial gaps in evidence regarding the safety of many drugs in children. Real-world data could help to fill these gaps in several ways. First, such data can provide greater insight into the long-term effects of in utero exposure to medicines on growing children. Similarly, real-world data can inform our understanding of the long-term effects of exposure to medicines early in children’s development… As efforts to advance the use of real-world data to generate real-world evidence move forward, it is imperative that investigators not treat the use of medication in children as an afterthought. Read More
Risk factors of psychotropic polypharmacy in the treatment of children and adolescents with psychiatric disorders
Medhekar R, Aparasu R, Bhatara V, Johnson M, Alonzo J, Schwarzwald H, Chen H
Res Social Adm Pharm. 2018 Jun 13. doi: 10.1016/j.sapharm.2018.06.005. [Epub ahead of print]
The authors examined patient and provider characteristics associated with the use of pediatric psychotropic polypharmacy (≥2 psychotropic medications from different drug classes concurrently for ≥60 days) using the 2013-2015 claims data from a Pediatric Medicaid Managed Care Plan. The prevalence of psychotropic polypharmacy was 20.09%. Patients with a psychiatrist involved in the treatment had higher odds of receiving psychotropic polypharmacy in single prescriber and multiple prescribers groups respectively (SP: OR = 5.32; 95% CI 4.62-6.14 & MP: OR = 3.57; 95% CI 3.20-3.99). Read More
Evaluation of dystonia in children and adolescents treated with atomoxetine within the Truven MarketScan database: a retrospective cohort study
Meyers KJ, Upadhyaya HP, Goodloe R, Kryzhanovskaya LA, Liles-Burden MA, Kellier-Steele NA, Mancini M
Expert Opin Drug Saf. 2018 May;17(5):467-473. doi: 10.1080/14740338.2018.1462333. Epub 2018 Apr 13.
In this retrospective cohort study, the incidence and risk of dystonia in children and adolescents treated with atomoxetine was compared to a propensity score-matched cohort of stimulant users. There was no significant difference in incidence or risk of dystonia among patients treated with atomoxetine compared to stimulants (HR = 0.68; 95% CI: 0.36 - 1.28; P = 0.23). Read More
Antibiotic exposure in early life and childhood overweight and obesity: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Rasmussen SH, Shrestha S, Bjerregaard LG, Ängquist LH, Baker JL, Jess T, Allin KH
Diabetes Obes Metab. 2018 Jun;20(6):1508-1514. doi: 10.1111/dom.13230. Epub 2018 Feb 25
The authors conducted a systematic review (n=13 studies) and meta-analysis (n=8 studies) of observational studies investigating the association between antibiotic exposure in infancy and risk of childhood overweight and obesity. Exposure to antibiotics in infancy was associated with an increased odds ratio (OR) of childhood overweight and obesity (OR 1.11, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.02-1.20). Exposure to >1 treatment was associated with an OR of 1.24 (95% CI 1.09-1.43) and exposure within the first 6 months of life was associated with an OR of 1.20 (95% CI 1.04-1.37). It is unclear whether this association is mediated via direct effects of antibiotics on the gut microbiota. Read More
Effectiveness of influenza vaccination for children in Japan: Four-year observational study using a large-scale claims database
Shibata N, Kimura S, Hoshino T, Takeuchi M, Urushihara H
Vaccine. 2018 May 11;36(20):2809-2815. doi: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2018.03.082. Epub 2018 Apr 13.
The authors evaluated the clinical effectiveness of influenza vaccination for children aged 1-15 years in Japan throughout four influenza seasons from 2010 to 2014 using a large-scale claims database for employee health care insurance plans. Throughout the four seasons, the estimated ORs for influenza onset were statistically significant and ranged from 0.797 to 0.894 after doubly robust adjustment. The study confirmed the clinical effectiveness of influenza vaccination in children aged 1-15 years from the 2010/2011 to 2013/2014 influenza seasons. Read More
Prevalence, time trends, and utilization patterns of psychotropic polypharmacy among pediatric Medicaid beneficiaries, 1999-2010
Soria Saucedo R, Liu X, Hincapie-Castillo JM, Zambrano D, Bussing R, Winterstein AG
Psychiatr Serv. 2018 Jun 8:appips201700260. doi: 10.1176/appi.ps.201700260. [Epub ahead of print]
The authors constructed ten two-year cohorts of Medicaid beneficiaries between ages 0 and 17 years who received at least one psychotropic to treat a mental disorder from 1999 to 2010. Polypharmacy was defined as any period in which dispensed days' supply of psychotropics overlapped for more than 45 days. The prevalence of any-class and multiclass psychotropic polypharmacy grew steadily, from 21.2% and 18.8% in 1999-2000 to 27.3% and 24.4% in 2009-2010, respectively. Heterogeneous prevalences of psychotropic polypharmacy were noted across states. Read More
Impact of prior authorization of antiepileptic drugs in children with epilepsy
Wirrell EC, Vanderwiel AJ, Nickels L, Vanderwiel SL, Nickels KC
Pediatr Neurol. 2018 Jun;83:38-41. doi: 10.1016/j.pediatrneurol.2018.03.006. Epub 2018 Apr 3.
Parents of 462 children followed in a pediatric epilepsy clinic were surveyed regarding prior authorization in the preceding year. Prior authorization proceeded smoothly in only 31 (49.2%) cases. Twenty-three (36.5%) children experienced a delay of seven days or more in starting a new drug, and 24 (38.1%) experienced a lapse in coverage of their current medication. Of the 11 whom missed doses, seven had increased seizures, and one required hospital admission for status epilepticus. Prior authorization of antiepileptic drugs is common but problematic. Read More
Andersson J, Hofsli M, Gade UL, Heegaard S, Pottegård A
Acta Ophthalmol. 2018 Jun 9. doi: 10.1111/aos.13813. [Epub ahead of print]
Using individual-level data from the Danish National Prescription Registry (2000-2015), the authors provided detailed descriptions of treatment patterns at the individual level, stratified by age (0-1 years, 2-4 years) and antibiotic substance. The incidence rate was relatively stable between 2000 and 2010, after which it dropped by 37% until 2015. The authors concluded that considerable variation is seen in the utilization of topical ocular antibiotics among children in Scandinavia, with Denmark having the highest use. Read More
A longitudinal examination of the asthma medication ratio in children
Andrews AL, Brinton D, Simpson KN, Simpson AN
Am J Manag Care. 2018 Jun;24(6):294-300.
Using 2013-2014 TruvenHealth MarketScan data, the authors calculated an AMR (number of controller medications / [number of controller medications + number of rescue medications]) for each rolling 3-month period and each rolling 6-month period. Using logistic regression, authors tested how a rolling AMR predicted a child's hospitalization or emergency department (ED) visit for asthma. A higher proportion of patients with high-risk AMRs (9.6% and 9.5%, respectively) had an ED visit or hospitalization compared with patients with low-risk (5.0% and 5.7%) and missing (3.5% and 3.2%) AMRs (P <.0001). Read More
Patterns of topical corticosteroids prescriptions in children with asthma
Arabkhazaeli A, Vijverberg SJH, van der Lee M, van der Ent CK, Bruijnzeel-Koomen CA, de Bruin-Weller MS, Raaijmakers JA, Maitland-van der Zee AH
Pediatr Dermatol. 2018 May;35(3):378-383. doi: 10.1111/pde.13455. Epub 2018 Mar 24.
The authors aimed to study topical corticosteroid use in Dutch asthmatic children using pharmacy dispensing data and to assess whether Dutch physicians prescribe topical corticosteroids in this population according to clinical guidelines. The study found that there is a statistically significantly higher prescription rate of topical corticosteroid for infants, and sometimes general practitioners prescribe more-potent topical corticosteroids without a prior prescription of the same potency by a specialist. Read More
The epidemiology of outpatient pain treatment in pediatrics
Baldridge S, Wallace L, Kadakia A
J Pain Res. 2018 May 3;11:913-921. doi: 10.2147/JPR.S158520. eCollection 2018.
The authors estimated the proportion of pediatric patients who were treated with nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) inhibitors, opioids (immediate release or extended release), antidepressants, topical analgesics, anticonvulsants, and other therapies based on a large, real-world sample using data from the Truven Health MarketScan® Research Databases. The types of pain treatments varied substantially by condition and age of the patient, with the highest prevalence of use in older children. Read More
Examining parental medication adherence as a predictor of child medication adherence in pediatric anxiety disorders
Bushnell GA, Brookhart MA, Gaynes BN, Compton SN, Dusetzina SB, Stürmer T
Med Care. 2018 Jun;56(6):510-519. doi: 10.1097/MLR.0000000000000911.
The study’s objective was to estimate SSRI adherence in children with anxiety disorders and determine if prior parental medication adherence is predictive of child high SSRI adherence. Overall 64% of children had high adherence if their parent had high SSRI adherence versus 53% of children with parents with low SSRI adherence (RD, 12%; multivariable risk ratios, 1.17; 95% confidence interval, 1.14-1.20). Findings were similar for parent statin (RD=10%) and antihypertensive adherence (RD=8%) and when stratified by child age and parent sex. Read More
Electronic health record (EHR) based postmarketing surveillance of adverse events associated with pediatric off-label medication use: a case study of short-acting beta-2 agonists and arrhythmias
Czaja AS, Ross ME, Liu W, Fiks AG, Localio R, Wasserman RC, Grundmeier RW, Adams WG; Comparative Effectiveness Research through Collaborative Electronic Reporting (CER2) Consortium.
Pharmacoepidemiol Drug Saf. 2018 Jul;27(7):815-822. doi: 10.1002/pds.4562. Epub 2018 May 27.
The authors used electronic health record (EHR) data from 2 pediatric health systems (2011-2013) to estimate the risk of arrhythmia associated with inhaled short-acting beta-2 agonists (SABA) in pediatric patients and (2) determine whether risk varied by on-label versus off-label prescribing. Using propensity score methodology, the authors found that the adjusted risk for arrhythmia was increased among exposed children (OR 1.89, 95% CI 1.31-2.73 in health system 1; OR 1.26, 95% CI 0.30-5.33 in health system 2) without evidence of interaction between label status and risk. Read More
Oral fluoroquinolone prescribing to children in the united states from 2006 to 2015
Etminan M, Guo M, Carleton B
Pediatr Infect Dis J. 2018 May 24. doi: 10.1097/INF.0000000000002121. [Epub ahead of print]
Fluoroquinolone (FQ) prescription rates have increased over the last 10 years despite recent warnings of serious adverse. Drug prescription data from the PharMetrics Plus™ health claims database (United States) were analyzed to examine dispensing of ciprofloxacin, levofloxacin, moxifloxacin, ofloxacin, or gemifloxacin to children from 2006 to 2015. The study suggests an increase in the prescribing of FQs, mostly ciprofloxacin, over a ten-year period although numbers have decreased slightly in 2014 and 2015. At least one in five prescriptions were deemed unnecessary. Read More
Increased fracture risk with furosemide use in children with congenital heart disease
Heo JH, Rascati KL, Lopez KN, Moffett BS
J Pediatr. 2018 May 9. doi: 10.1016/j.jpeds.2018.03.077. [Epub ahead of print]
The study examined the association of furosemide therapy with the incidence of bone fractures in children with congenital heart disease using data from the 2008-2014 Texas Medicaid databases. Propensity score matching was used to compare furosemide adherent, furosemide nonadherent, and no furosemide users. Both furosemide groups were more likely to have fractures than the no furosemide group: furosemide-adherent OR of 1.9 (95% CI, 1.17-2.98; P = .009); furosemide nonadherent OR of 1.5 (95% CI, 1.10-2.14; P = .01). Read More
Drug utilization among Dutch adolescents: a pharmacy prescription records study
Kosse RC, Koster ES, de Vries TW, Bouvy ML
Arch Dis Child. 2018 Jun 1. doi: 10.1136/archdischild-2017-314692. [Epub ahead of print]
Studies on adolescent drug use are scarce as most studies do not distinguish between children and adolescents. Therefore, authors assessed overall drug use in adolescents (12-18 years) using pharmacy dispensing records from 62 community pharmacies in the Netherlands. Of the adolescents who collected at least one medication prescription, half of them collected dermatologicals (46.2% males; 52.3% females), followed by drugs for the respiratory system (43.4% males; 40.3% females) and anti-infectives for systemic use (31.3% males; 39.1% females). Read More
Efficacy, acceptability, and tolerability of antipsychotics in children and adolescents with schizophrenia: a network meta-analysis
Krause M, Zhu Y, Huhn M, Schneider-Thoma J, Bighelli I, Chaimani A, Leucht S
Eur Neuropsychopharmacol. 2018 Jun;28(6):659-674. doi: 10.1016/j.euroneuro.2018.03.008. Epub 2018 May 24.
The authors integrated all the randomized evidence from the available antipsychotics used for this subgroup by performing a network-meta-analysis and pairwise meta-analysis. Twenty-eight RCTs with 3003 unique participants (58% males; mean age 14.41 years) published from 1967 to 2017 were identified. Clozapine was significantly more effective than all other analyzed antipsychotics. There were evidence gaps for some drugs and many outcomes, especially safety outcomes. The available evidence showed that the treatment effects were similar compared to findings in adult patients with schizophrenia. Read More
Assessing drug safety in children - the role of real-world data
McMahon AW, Dal Pan G
N Engl J Med. 2018 Jun 7;378(23):2155-2157. doi: 10.1056/NEJMp1802197
There are substantial gaps in evidence regarding the safety of many drugs in children. Real-world data could help to fill these gaps in several ways. First, such data can provide greater insight into the long-term effects of in utero exposure to medicines on growing children. Similarly, real-world data can inform our understanding of the long-term effects of exposure to medicines early in children’s development… As efforts to advance the use of real-world data to generate real-world evidence move forward, it is imperative that investigators not treat the use of medication in children as an afterthought. Read More
Risk factors of psychotropic polypharmacy in the treatment of children and adolescents with psychiatric disorders
Medhekar R, Aparasu R, Bhatara V, Johnson M, Alonzo J, Schwarzwald H, Chen H
Res Social Adm Pharm. 2018 Jun 13. doi: 10.1016/j.sapharm.2018.06.005. [Epub ahead of print]
The authors examined patient and provider characteristics associated with the use of pediatric psychotropic polypharmacy (≥2 psychotropic medications from different drug classes concurrently for ≥60 days) using the 2013-2015 claims data from a Pediatric Medicaid Managed Care Plan. The prevalence of psychotropic polypharmacy was 20.09%. Patients with a psychiatrist involved in the treatment had higher odds of receiving psychotropic polypharmacy in single prescriber and multiple prescribers groups respectively (SP: OR = 5.32; 95% CI 4.62-6.14 & MP: OR = 3.57; 95% CI 3.20-3.99). Read More
Evaluation of dystonia in children and adolescents treated with atomoxetine within the Truven MarketScan database: a retrospective cohort study
Meyers KJ, Upadhyaya HP, Goodloe R, Kryzhanovskaya LA, Liles-Burden MA, Kellier-Steele NA, Mancini M
Expert Opin Drug Saf. 2018 May;17(5):467-473. doi: 10.1080/14740338.2018.1462333. Epub 2018 Apr 13.
In this retrospective cohort study, the incidence and risk of dystonia in children and adolescents treated with atomoxetine was compared to a propensity score-matched cohort of stimulant users. There was no significant difference in incidence or risk of dystonia among patients treated with atomoxetine compared to stimulants (HR = 0.68; 95% CI: 0.36 - 1.28; P = 0.23). Read More
Antibiotic exposure in early life and childhood overweight and obesity: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Rasmussen SH, Shrestha S, Bjerregaard LG, Ängquist LH, Baker JL, Jess T, Allin KH
Diabetes Obes Metab. 2018 Jun;20(6):1508-1514. doi: 10.1111/dom.13230. Epub 2018 Feb 25
The authors conducted a systematic review (n=13 studies) and meta-analysis (n=8 studies) of observational studies investigating the association between antibiotic exposure in infancy and risk of childhood overweight and obesity. Exposure to antibiotics in infancy was associated with an increased odds ratio (OR) of childhood overweight and obesity (OR 1.11, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.02-1.20). Exposure to >1 treatment was associated with an OR of 1.24 (95% CI 1.09-1.43) and exposure within the first 6 months of life was associated with an OR of 1.20 (95% CI 1.04-1.37). It is unclear whether this association is mediated via direct effects of antibiotics on the gut microbiota. Read More
Effectiveness of influenza vaccination for children in Japan: Four-year observational study using a large-scale claims database
Shibata N, Kimura S, Hoshino T, Takeuchi M, Urushihara H
Vaccine. 2018 May 11;36(20):2809-2815. doi: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2018.03.082. Epub 2018 Apr 13.
The authors evaluated the clinical effectiveness of influenza vaccination for children aged 1-15 years in Japan throughout four influenza seasons from 2010 to 2014 using a large-scale claims database for employee health care insurance plans. Throughout the four seasons, the estimated ORs for influenza onset were statistically significant and ranged from 0.797 to 0.894 after doubly robust adjustment. The study confirmed the clinical effectiveness of influenza vaccination in children aged 1-15 years from the 2010/2011 to 2013/2014 influenza seasons. Read More
Prevalence, time trends, and utilization patterns of psychotropic polypharmacy among pediatric Medicaid beneficiaries, 1999-2010
Soria Saucedo R, Liu X, Hincapie-Castillo JM, Zambrano D, Bussing R, Winterstein AG
Psychiatr Serv. 2018 Jun 8:appips201700260. doi: 10.1176/appi.ps.201700260. [Epub ahead of print]
The authors constructed ten two-year cohorts of Medicaid beneficiaries between ages 0 and 17 years who received at least one psychotropic to treat a mental disorder from 1999 to 2010. Polypharmacy was defined as any period in which dispensed days' supply of psychotropics overlapped for more than 45 days. The prevalence of any-class and multiclass psychotropic polypharmacy grew steadily, from 21.2% and 18.8% in 1999-2000 to 27.3% and 24.4% in 2009-2010, respectively. Heterogeneous prevalences of psychotropic polypharmacy were noted across states. Read More
Impact of prior authorization of antiepileptic drugs in children with epilepsy
Wirrell EC, Vanderwiel AJ, Nickels L, Vanderwiel SL, Nickels KC
Pediatr Neurol. 2018 Jun;83:38-41. doi: 10.1016/j.pediatrneurol.2018.03.006. Epub 2018 Apr 3.
Parents of 462 children followed in a pediatric epilepsy clinic were surveyed regarding prior authorization in the preceding year. Prior authorization proceeded smoothly in only 31 (49.2%) cases. Twenty-three (36.5%) children experienced a delay of seven days or more in starting a new drug, and 24 (38.1%) experienced a lapse in coverage of their current medication. Of the 11 whom missed doses, seven had increased seizures, and one required hospital admission for status epilepticus. Prior authorization of antiepileptic drugs is common but problematic. Read More
September 2018
Pregnancy
Adverse pregnancy outcomes associated with gestational exposure to antiepileptic drugs.
Andrade C.
J Clin Psychiatry. 2018 Jul 31;79. pii: 18f12467. doi: 10.4088/JCP.18f12467.
Major congenital malformation risks in association with gestational exposure to antiepileptic drugs (AEDs) have been extensively studied. Less information is available on other adverse outcomes associated with the use of these drugs during pregnancy. This article examined the risk of fetal loss, intrauterine growth retardation (IUGR), and preterm birth following gestational exposure to 14 AEDs, based on information obtained from a recent network meta-analysis of mostly nonrandomized, observational studies. The results showed that very few AEDs are significantly associated with each adverse outcome and that the implicated AEDs are different for different outcomes. Read More
Examining nonparticipation in the maternal follow-up within the Danish National Birth Cohort.
Bliddal M, Liew Z, Pottegård A, Kirkegaard H, Olsen J, Nohr EA.
Am J Epidemiol. 2018 Jul 1;187:1511-1519. doi: 10.1093/aje/kwy002.
A follow-up questionnaire on maternal health was distributed within the Danish National Birth Cohort (established in 1996-2002) 14 years after the index birth. To ensure the appropriate use of these data, the possibility of selection bias due to nonparticipation had to be evaluated. The authors estimated 4 selected exposure-outcome associations and calculated relative ORs for the relationship between the baseline cohort and the subset participating in the Maternal Follow-up. The authors concluded that selection bias in the chosen scenarios was limited; ratios of the ORs ranged from -14% to 5% after adjustment. Read More
Risk factors for discontinuation of thyroid hormone replacement therapy in early pregnancy: a study from the Norwegian Mother and Child Cohort Study and the Medical Birth Registry of Norway.
Frank AS, Lupattelli A, Nordeng H.
Acta Obstet Gynecol Scand. 2018 Jul;97:852-860. doi: 10.1111/aogs.13339. Epub 2018 Apr 6.
Despite the potential impact of untreated hypothyroidism on infant neurodevelopment, few studies have investigated the risk factors associated with discontinuation of thyroid hormone replacement therapy (THRT) in pregnancy. The authors aimed to identify such factors in a population of women using THRT prior to pregnancy. Of 86 848 enrolled pregnant women, 1587 used THRT prior to pregnancy. Of these, 207 (13.0%) discontinued THRT during early pregnancy. For discontinuers, non-medicated mental comorbidity and non-compliance with nutritional supplements presented increased risk, whereas having a medicated somatic disorder was protective. Read More
Childhood developmental vulnerabilities associated with early life exposure to infectious and noninfectious diseases and maternal mental illness.
Green MJ, Kariuki M, Dean K, Laurens KR, Tzoumakis S, Harris F, Carr VJ.
J Child Psychol Psychiatry. 2018 Jul;59:801-810. doi: 10.1111/jcpp.12856. Epub 2017 Dec 26.
Fetal exposure to infectious and noninfectious diseases may influence early childhood developmental functioning, on the path to later mental illness. The authors investigated the effects of in utero exposure to maternal infection and noninfectious diseases during pregnancy on offspring developmental vulnerabilities at age 5 years. The authors discovered that maternal infectious diseases during pregnancy and early childhood infection conferred the largest associations with developmental vulnerabilities at age 5 years; maternal noninfectious illness during pregnancy also retained small but significant associations with developmental vulnerabilities after adjustment. Read More
Pregnancy and birth outcomes in a Danish nationwide cohort of women with autoimmune hepatitis and matched population controls.
Grønbaek L, Vilstrup H, Jepsen P.
Aliment Pharmacol Ther. 2018 Jul 29. doi: 10.1111/apt.14925. [Epub ahead of print]
Many patients with autoimmune hepatitis are women of fertile age. The authors aimed to conduct a nationwide study on risk of miscarriage, birth rate, and birth outcomes in women with autoimmune hepatitis. The author found that the risk of miscarriage was similar in women with autoimmune hepatitis and controls: RR 1.16 (95% CI 0.80-1.69). The first-time birth rate, including singleton and multiple births, per 1000 person-years in women with autoimmune hepatitis was 37 (95% CI 29-46), in controls 32 (95% CI 30-35). Women with autoimmune hepatitis had an increased risk of preterm birth (adjusted OR 3.19, 95% CI 1.53-6.64) and small for gestational age babies (adjusted OR = 3.20, 95% CI 0.33-31.29), but not of congenital malformations (adjusted OR = 1.27, 95% CI 0.48-3.34) or stillbirth. Read More
Pregnancy outcomes and infant growth among babies with in-utero exposure to tenofovir-based preexposure prophylaxis for HIV prevention.
Heffron R, Mugo N, Hong T, Celum C, Marzinke MA, Ngure K, Asiimwe S, Katabira E, Bukusi EA, Odoyo J, Tindimwebwa E, Bulya N, Baeten JM; Partners Demonstration Project and the Partners PrEP Study Teams.
AIDS. 2018 Jul;32:1707-1713. doi: 10.1097/QAD.0000000000001867.
In an open-label delivery study of pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) integrated with antiretroviral therapy (ART) for high-risk HIV serodiscordant couples, the authors compared pregnancy outcomes and 1-year infant growth from pregnancies with exposure to PrEP throughout pregnancy to those without any exposure, with data from the placebo arm of a prior efficacy trial of PrEP. There were small nonsignificant decreases in the frequency of pregnancy loss [16.7% PrEP-exposed versus 23.5% PrEP-unexposed, (aOR) = 0.59, P = 0.4] and preterm delivery [0 versus 7.7%, (aOR) = 0.54, exact P = 0.6]. No congenital anomalies occurred among PrEP-exposed infants. PrEP-exposed infants had slightly lower adjusted mean z-scores for length (-1.73 versus -0.79, P = 0.05) and head circumference (0.24 versus 1.07, P = 0.04) 1 month after birth but were comparable to PrEP-unexposed infants in these measurements 1 year after birth. Read More
Maternal biomarkers of acetaminophen use and offspring attention deficit hyperactivity disorder.
Ji Y, Riley AW, Lee LC, Hong X, Wang G, Tsai HJ, Mueller NT, Pearson C, Thermitus J, Panjwani A, Ji H, Bartell TR, Burd I, Fallin MD, Wang X.
Brain Sci. 2018 Jul 3;8. pii: E127. doi: 10.3390/brainsci8070127.
Previous studies have suggested a positive association between self-reported maternal acetaminophen use during pregnancy and risk of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) in offspring. The authors sought to examine the prospective association between maternal plasma biomarkers of acetaminophen intake and ADHD diagnosis in the offspring. Compared to neurotypical children, the authors observed significant positive dose-responsive associations with ADHD diagnosis for each maternal acetaminophen biomarker. These dose-responsive associations persisted after adjusting for indication of acetaminophen use and other pertinent covariates; and were specific to ADHD, rather than other neurodevelopmental disorders. Read More
Risk of spontaneous abortion after inadvertent human papillomavirus vaccination in pregnancy.
Kharbanda EO, Vazquez-Benitez G, Lipkind HS, Sheth SS, Zhu J, Naleway AL, Klein NP, Hechter R, Daley MF, Donahue JG, Jackson ML, Kawai AT, Sukumaran L, Nordin JD.
Obstet Gynecol. 2018 Jul;132:35-44. doi: 10.1097/AOG.0000000000002694.
Within a retrospective observational cohort, the authors compared risks for spontaneous abortion after 4vHPV in three exposure windows: distal (16-22 weeks before the last menstrual period [LMP]), peripregnancy (within 6 weeks before the LMP), and during pregnancy (LMP through 19 weeks of gestation). Spontaneous abortion risk after 4vHPV peripregnancy or 4vHPV during pregnancy was compared with distal vaccination using Cox models respectively. The authors found that the risk of spontaneous abortion was not increased among women who received 4vHPV during pregnancy (adjusted HR 1.10, 95% CI 0.81-1.51) or peripregnancy 1.07 (0.81-1.41). Read More
Association of exposure to diethylstilbestrol during pregnancy with multigenerational neurodevelopmental deficits.
Kioumourtzoglou MA, Coull BA, O'Reilly ÉJ, Ascherio A, Weisskopf MG.
JAMA Pediatr. 2018 Jul 1;172:670-677. doi: 10.1001/jamapediatrics.2018.0727.
Animal evidence suggests that endocrine disruptors affect germline cells and neurodevelopment. The authors aimed to explore the potential consequences of exposure to diethylstilbestrol or DES across generations-specifically, third-generation neurodevelopment. The 3 generations analyzed in this study were the participants (F1 generation), their mothers (F0 generation), and their live-born children (F2 generation). Use of diethylstylbestrol by F0 mothers was associated with an increased risk of ADHD among the F2 generation: 7.7% vs 5.2%, adjusted OR (OR), 1.36 (95% CI, 1.10-1.67) and an OR of 1.63 (95% CI, 1.18-2.25) if diethylstilbestrol was taken during the first trimester of pregnancy. No effect modification was observed by the F2 children's sex. Read More
Validation of severe maternal morbidity on the US Certificate of Live Birth.
Luke B, Brown MB, Liu CL, Diop H, Stern JE.
Epidemiology. 2018 Jul;29:e31-e32. doi: 10.1097/EDE.0000000000000828.
The 2003 revision of the US Certificate of Live Birth added specific checkbox items on severe maternal morbidity occurring within 24 hours of delivery. The items included maternal transfusion, third- or fourth-degree perineal laceration, ruptured uterus, unplanned hysterectomy, and admission to the intensive care unit. The authors designed a population-based study of all live births in Massachusetts linked to hospital discharge data to validate those maternal complications. They found that the birth certificate greatly underreported severe maternal morbidity, with sensitivities ranging from 0.11 (transfusion in vaginal births) to 0.52 (hysterectomy after cesarean delivery). The PPV ranged from 0.03 to 0.90, with highest values for transfusion and perineal lacerations. The specificity was >99%, and the negative predictive value was >98% in all cases. Read More
Continuous Anti-TNFα use throughout pregnancy: possible complications for the mother but not for the fetus. A retrospective cohort on the French National Health Insurance Database (EVASION).
Luu M, Benzenine E, Doret M, Michiels C, Barkun A, Degand T, Quantin C, Bardou M.
Am J Gastroenterol. 2018 Jul 2. doi: 10.1038/s41395-018-0176-7. [Epub ahead of print]
Despite the labeling, anti-tumor necrosis factor (TNF) antibodies (anti-TNFα) are increasingly being used during pregnancy. The authors aimed to assess the safety of anti-TNFα treatment in pregnant women with IBD and their children. The authors found that anti-TNFα treatment was associated with a higher risk of overall maternal complications (adjusted Odds Ratio (aOR) = 1.49; 95% CI (CI): 1.31-1.67) and infections (aOR = 1.31; 95% CI: 1.16-1.47). Maintaining anti-TNFα after 24 weeks did not increase the risk of maternal complication, but interrupting the anti-TNFα increased relapse risk. No increased risk for infection was found in children (aOR = 0.89; 95% CI: 0.76-1.05) born to mother exposed to anti-TNFα during pregnancy. Read More
Anticonvulsants and the risk of perinatal bleeding complications: a pregnancy cohort study.
Panchaud A, Cohen JM, Patorno E, Huybrechts KF, Desai RJ, Gray KJ, Mogun H, Hernandez-Diaz S, Bateman BT.
Neurology. 2018 Aug 7;91:e533-e542. doi: 10.1212/WNL.0000000000005944. Epub 2018 Jul 6.
In this large observational study, the authors aimed to examine the risk of postpartum hemorrhage (PPH) and neonatal bleeding complications associated with late-pregnancy exposure to anticonvulsant drugs (ACDs) that induce cytochrome P450 enzymes (ACDi) and alter the metabolism of vitamin K compared to other ACDs. Among 11,572 women with an ACD prescription overlapping delivery, 2.6% (135/5,109) in the ACDi group and 3.6% (231/6,463) in the other ACDs group had a diagnosis of PPH: unadjusted RR 0.74 (95% CI 0.60-0.91), adjusted RR 0.77 (95% CI 0.58-1.00). The prevalence of neonatal bleeding complications was 3.1% (157/5,109) in the ACDi group and 3.5% (229/6,463) in the other ACDs group: unadjusted RR 0.87 (95% CI 0.71-1.06), adjusted RR 0.83 (95% CI 0.64-1.08). Read More
Association of maternal diabetes with neonatal outcomes of very preterm and very low-birth-weight infants: an international cohort study.
Persson M, Shah PS, Rusconi F, Reichman B, Modi N, Kusuda S, Lehtonen L, Håkansson S, Yang J, Isayama T, Beltempo M, Lee S, Norman M; International Network for Evaluating Outcomes of Neonates.
JAMA Pediatr. 2018 Jul 2. doi: 10.1001/jamapediatrics.2018.1811. [Epub ahead of print]
In this study, the authors aimed to determine the associations between maternal diabetes and in-hospital mortality, as well as neonatal morbidity in very preterm infants with a birth weight of less than 1500 g. Of 76 360 infants, 25 962 (34%) and 33 598 (44%) were born before 28 weeks of gestation to mothers with and without diabetes, respectively. Infants of mothers with diabetes were born at a later GA than infants of mothers without diabetes. In adjusted analyses, no significant differences in in-hospital mortality (adjusted OR, 1.16 (95% CI, 0.97-1.39) or the composite of mortality and severe morbidity (adjusted OR, 0.99 (95% CI, 0.88-1.10) were observed. With few exceptions, outcomes of infants born to mothers with and without diabetes were similar regardless of infant sex, GA, or country of birth. Read More
It's the mother!: How assumptions about the causal primacy of maternal effects influence research on the developmental origins of health and disease.
Sharp GC, Lawlor DA, Richardson SS.
Soc Sci Med. 2018 Jul 21;213:20-27. doi: 10.1016/j.socscimed.2018.07.035. [Epub ahead of print]
Research on the developmental origins of health and disease (DOHaD) has traditionally focused on how maternal exposures around the time of pregnancy might influence offspring health and risk of disease. The authors acknowledge that for some exposures this is likely to be correct, but argue that the focus on maternal pregnancy effects also reflects implicit and deeply-held assumptions that 1) causal early life exposures are primarily transmitted via maternal traits or exposures, 2) maternal exposures around the time of pregnancy and early infancy are particularly important, and 3) other factors, such as paternal factors and postnatal exposures in later life, have relatively little impact in comparison. These implicit assumptions about the "causal primacy" of maternal pregnancy effects set the agenda for DOHaD research and, through a looping effect, are reinforced rather than tested. The authors propose practical strategies to redress this imbalance through maintaining a critical perspective about these assumptions. Read More
Bayesian correction for exposure misclassification and evolution of evidence in two studies of the association between maternal occupational exposure to asthmagens and risk of autism spectrum disorder.
Singer AB, Daniele Fallin M, Burstyn I.
Curr Environ Health Rep. 2018 Jul 20. doi: 10.1007/s40572-018-0205-0. [Epub ahead of print]
Inference in epidemiologic studies is plagued by exposure misclassification with several existing methods to correct for misclassification error. One approach is to use point estimates for the sensitivity (Sn) and specificity (Sp) of the tool used for exposure assessment. Unfortunately, typically the Sn and Sp are not known with certainty. Bayesian methods for exposure misclassification correction allow us to model this uncertainty via distributions for Sn and Sp. The authors illustrated an occupational epidemiology application of a Bayesian approach to correct for the differential misclassification error generated by estimating occupational exposures from job codes using a job exposure matrix (JEM). The authors argued that analyses accounting for exposure misclassification should become more commonplace in the literature. Read More
Patterns of biologics utilization and discontinuation before and during pregnancy in women with autoimmune diseases: a population-based cohort study.
Tsao NW, Lynd LD, Sadatsafavi M, Hanley G, De Vera MA.
Arthritis Care Res (Hoboken). 2018 Jul;70:979-986. doi: 10.1002/acr.23434. Epub 2018 Apr 30.
The authors aimed to characterize patterns of biologics use and discontinuation before and during pregnancy in women with autoimmune diseases in British Columbia, Canada. The use of biologics in this cohort increased from 0% in 2002 to 5.7% by 2012 (P < 0.001). Within the first trimester of pregnancy, 31% of women (34/110) discontinued their biologic treatment, and 38% (30/79) discontinued use in the second trimester, while 98% of those receiving treatment in the second trimester (50/51) continued treatment in the third trimester. Women with rheumatoid arthritis had three times higher odds (OR 3.40 [95% CI1.33-8.71]) of discontinuing biologics during pregnancy, compared to those with inflammatory bowel disease. Read More
Optimizing an algorithm for the identification and classification of pregnancy outcomes in German claims data.
Wentzell N, Schink T, Haug U, Ulrich S, Niemeyer M, Mikolajczyk R.
Pharmacoepidemiol Drug Saf. 2018 Jul 18. doi: 10.1002/pds.4588. [Epub ahead of print]
The authors aimed to optimize an existing algorithm for the identification and classification of pregnancy outcomes in the German Pharmacoepidemiological Research Database (GePaRD) with a particular focus on births. The algorithm identified 1,235,261 pregnancy outcomes in the database, with the majority (94%) being live births, classified as preterm (10%), term (78%), and (12%) births after the expected delivery date. Implausible sequence of outcomes (for example, an induced abortion within a pregnancy categorized as ending in a live birth) were rare (0.03%). Read More
Maternal type 1 diabetes and risk of autism in offspring.
Xiang AH, Wang X, Martinez MP, Page K, Buchanan TA, Feldman RK.
JAMA. 2018 Jul 3;320:89-91. doi: 10.1001/jama.2018.7614.
Little is known about autism spectrum disorder (ASD) risk associated with maternal preexisting type 1 diabetes (T1D). The authors extended previous observations by examining the risk of ASD in offspring associated with maternal T1D, type 2 diabetes (T2D) T2D, and gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM). Potential risk associated with antidiabetic medication exposure was assessed in the GDM group. Relative to no diabetes exposure, the adjusted HRs for exposure to maternal diabetes were 2.36 (95% CI, 1.36-4.12) for T1D, 1.45 (95% CI, 1.24-1.70) for T2D, 1.30 (95% CI, 1.12-1.51) for GDM by 26 weeks’ gestation, and 0.99 (95% CI, 0.88-1.12) for GDM after 26 weeks. Risks were not statistically significantly different between those with vs without antidiabetic medication exposure during pregnancy within the GDM group (adjusted HR, 1.18 [95% CI, 0.97-1.43]; P = .10). Read More
Andrade C.
J Clin Psychiatry. 2018 Jul 31;79. pii: 18f12467. doi: 10.4088/JCP.18f12467.
Major congenital malformation risks in association with gestational exposure to antiepileptic drugs (AEDs) have been extensively studied. Less information is available on other adverse outcomes associated with the use of these drugs during pregnancy. This article examined the risk of fetal loss, intrauterine growth retardation (IUGR), and preterm birth following gestational exposure to 14 AEDs, based on information obtained from a recent network meta-analysis of mostly nonrandomized, observational studies. The results showed that very few AEDs are significantly associated with each adverse outcome and that the implicated AEDs are different for different outcomes. Read More
Examining nonparticipation in the maternal follow-up within the Danish National Birth Cohort.
Bliddal M, Liew Z, Pottegård A, Kirkegaard H, Olsen J, Nohr EA.
Am J Epidemiol. 2018 Jul 1;187:1511-1519. doi: 10.1093/aje/kwy002.
A follow-up questionnaire on maternal health was distributed within the Danish National Birth Cohort (established in 1996-2002) 14 years after the index birth. To ensure the appropriate use of these data, the possibility of selection bias due to nonparticipation had to be evaluated. The authors estimated 4 selected exposure-outcome associations and calculated relative ORs for the relationship between the baseline cohort and the subset participating in the Maternal Follow-up. The authors concluded that selection bias in the chosen scenarios was limited; ratios of the ORs ranged from -14% to 5% after adjustment. Read More
Risk factors for discontinuation of thyroid hormone replacement therapy in early pregnancy: a study from the Norwegian Mother and Child Cohort Study and the Medical Birth Registry of Norway.
Frank AS, Lupattelli A, Nordeng H.
Acta Obstet Gynecol Scand. 2018 Jul;97:852-860. doi: 10.1111/aogs.13339. Epub 2018 Apr 6.
Despite the potential impact of untreated hypothyroidism on infant neurodevelopment, few studies have investigated the risk factors associated with discontinuation of thyroid hormone replacement therapy (THRT) in pregnancy. The authors aimed to identify such factors in a population of women using THRT prior to pregnancy. Of 86 848 enrolled pregnant women, 1587 used THRT prior to pregnancy. Of these, 207 (13.0%) discontinued THRT during early pregnancy. For discontinuers, non-medicated mental comorbidity and non-compliance with nutritional supplements presented increased risk, whereas having a medicated somatic disorder was protective. Read More
Childhood developmental vulnerabilities associated with early life exposure to infectious and noninfectious diseases and maternal mental illness.
Green MJ, Kariuki M, Dean K, Laurens KR, Tzoumakis S, Harris F, Carr VJ.
J Child Psychol Psychiatry. 2018 Jul;59:801-810. doi: 10.1111/jcpp.12856. Epub 2017 Dec 26.
Fetal exposure to infectious and noninfectious diseases may influence early childhood developmental functioning, on the path to later mental illness. The authors investigated the effects of in utero exposure to maternal infection and noninfectious diseases during pregnancy on offspring developmental vulnerabilities at age 5 years. The authors discovered that maternal infectious diseases during pregnancy and early childhood infection conferred the largest associations with developmental vulnerabilities at age 5 years; maternal noninfectious illness during pregnancy also retained small but significant associations with developmental vulnerabilities after adjustment. Read More
Pregnancy and birth outcomes in a Danish nationwide cohort of women with autoimmune hepatitis and matched population controls.
Grønbaek L, Vilstrup H, Jepsen P.
Aliment Pharmacol Ther. 2018 Jul 29. doi: 10.1111/apt.14925. [Epub ahead of print]
Many patients with autoimmune hepatitis are women of fertile age. The authors aimed to conduct a nationwide study on risk of miscarriage, birth rate, and birth outcomes in women with autoimmune hepatitis. The author found that the risk of miscarriage was similar in women with autoimmune hepatitis and controls: RR 1.16 (95% CI 0.80-1.69). The first-time birth rate, including singleton and multiple births, per 1000 person-years in women with autoimmune hepatitis was 37 (95% CI 29-46), in controls 32 (95% CI 30-35). Women with autoimmune hepatitis had an increased risk of preterm birth (adjusted OR 3.19, 95% CI 1.53-6.64) and small for gestational age babies (adjusted OR = 3.20, 95% CI 0.33-31.29), but not of congenital malformations (adjusted OR = 1.27, 95% CI 0.48-3.34) or stillbirth. Read More
Pregnancy outcomes and infant growth among babies with in-utero exposure to tenofovir-based preexposure prophylaxis for HIV prevention.
Heffron R, Mugo N, Hong T, Celum C, Marzinke MA, Ngure K, Asiimwe S, Katabira E, Bukusi EA, Odoyo J, Tindimwebwa E, Bulya N, Baeten JM; Partners Demonstration Project and the Partners PrEP Study Teams.
AIDS. 2018 Jul;32:1707-1713. doi: 10.1097/QAD.0000000000001867.
In an open-label delivery study of pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) integrated with antiretroviral therapy (ART) for high-risk HIV serodiscordant couples, the authors compared pregnancy outcomes and 1-year infant growth from pregnancies with exposure to PrEP throughout pregnancy to those without any exposure, with data from the placebo arm of a prior efficacy trial of PrEP. There were small nonsignificant decreases in the frequency of pregnancy loss [16.7% PrEP-exposed versus 23.5% PrEP-unexposed, (aOR) = 0.59, P = 0.4] and preterm delivery [0 versus 7.7%, (aOR) = 0.54, exact P = 0.6]. No congenital anomalies occurred among PrEP-exposed infants. PrEP-exposed infants had slightly lower adjusted mean z-scores for length (-1.73 versus -0.79, P = 0.05) and head circumference (0.24 versus 1.07, P = 0.04) 1 month after birth but were comparable to PrEP-unexposed infants in these measurements 1 year after birth. Read More
Maternal biomarkers of acetaminophen use and offspring attention deficit hyperactivity disorder.
Ji Y, Riley AW, Lee LC, Hong X, Wang G, Tsai HJ, Mueller NT, Pearson C, Thermitus J, Panjwani A, Ji H, Bartell TR, Burd I, Fallin MD, Wang X.
Brain Sci. 2018 Jul 3;8. pii: E127. doi: 10.3390/brainsci8070127.
Previous studies have suggested a positive association between self-reported maternal acetaminophen use during pregnancy and risk of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) in offspring. The authors sought to examine the prospective association between maternal plasma biomarkers of acetaminophen intake and ADHD diagnosis in the offspring. Compared to neurotypical children, the authors observed significant positive dose-responsive associations with ADHD diagnosis for each maternal acetaminophen biomarker. These dose-responsive associations persisted after adjusting for indication of acetaminophen use and other pertinent covariates; and were specific to ADHD, rather than other neurodevelopmental disorders. Read More
Risk of spontaneous abortion after inadvertent human papillomavirus vaccination in pregnancy.
Kharbanda EO, Vazquez-Benitez G, Lipkind HS, Sheth SS, Zhu J, Naleway AL, Klein NP, Hechter R, Daley MF, Donahue JG, Jackson ML, Kawai AT, Sukumaran L, Nordin JD.
Obstet Gynecol. 2018 Jul;132:35-44. doi: 10.1097/AOG.0000000000002694.
Within a retrospective observational cohort, the authors compared risks for spontaneous abortion after 4vHPV in three exposure windows: distal (16-22 weeks before the last menstrual period [LMP]), peripregnancy (within 6 weeks before the LMP), and during pregnancy (LMP through 19 weeks of gestation). Spontaneous abortion risk after 4vHPV peripregnancy or 4vHPV during pregnancy was compared with distal vaccination using Cox models respectively. The authors found that the risk of spontaneous abortion was not increased among women who received 4vHPV during pregnancy (adjusted HR 1.10, 95% CI 0.81-1.51) or peripregnancy 1.07 (0.81-1.41). Read More
Association of exposure to diethylstilbestrol during pregnancy with multigenerational neurodevelopmental deficits.
Kioumourtzoglou MA, Coull BA, O'Reilly ÉJ, Ascherio A, Weisskopf MG.
JAMA Pediatr. 2018 Jul 1;172:670-677. doi: 10.1001/jamapediatrics.2018.0727.
Animal evidence suggests that endocrine disruptors affect germline cells and neurodevelopment. The authors aimed to explore the potential consequences of exposure to diethylstilbestrol or DES across generations-specifically, third-generation neurodevelopment. The 3 generations analyzed in this study were the participants (F1 generation), their mothers (F0 generation), and their live-born children (F2 generation). Use of diethylstylbestrol by F0 mothers was associated with an increased risk of ADHD among the F2 generation: 7.7% vs 5.2%, adjusted OR (OR), 1.36 (95% CI, 1.10-1.67) and an OR of 1.63 (95% CI, 1.18-2.25) if diethylstilbestrol was taken during the first trimester of pregnancy. No effect modification was observed by the F2 children's sex. Read More
Validation of severe maternal morbidity on the US Certificate of Live Birth.
Luke B, Brown MB, Liu CL, Diop H, Stern JE.
Epidemiology. 2018 Jul;29:e31-e32. doi: 10.1097/EDE.0000000000000828.
The 2003 revision of the US Certificate of Live Birth added specific checkbox items on severe maternal morbidity occurring within 24 hours of delivery. The items included maternal transfusion, third- or fourth-degree perineal laceration, ruptured uterus, unplanned hysterectomy, and admission to the intensive care unit. The authors designed a population-based study of all live births in Massachusetts linked to hospital discharge data to validate those maternal complications. They found that the birth certificate greatly underreported severe maternal morbidity, with sensitivities ranging from 0.11 (transfusion in vaginal births) to 0.52 (hysterectomy after cesarean delivery). The PPV ranged from 0.03 to 0.90, with highest values for transfusion and perineal lacerations. The specificity was >99%, and the negative predictive value was >98% in all cases. Read More
Continuous Anti-TNFα use throughout pregnancy: possible complications for the mother but not for the fetus. A retrospective cohort on the French National Health Insurance Database (EVASION).
Luu M, Benzenine E, Doret M, Michiels C, Barkun A, Degand T, Quantin C, Bardou M.
Am J Gastroenterol. 2018 Jul 2. doi: 10.1038/s41395-018-0176-7. [Epub ahead of print]
Despite the labeling, anti-tumor necrosis factor (TNF) antibodies (anti-TNFα) are increasingly being used during pregnancy. The authors aimed to assess the safety of anti-TNFα treatment in pregnant women with IBD and their children. The authors found that anti-TNFα treatment was associated with a higher risk of overall maternal complications (adjusted Odds Ratio (aOR) = 1.49; 95% CI (CI): 1.31-1.67) and infections (aOR = 1.31; 95% CI: 1.16-1.47). Maintaining anti-TNFα after 24 weeks did not increase the risk of maternal complication, but interrupting the anti-TNFα increased relapse risk. No increased risk for infection was found in children (aOR = 0.89; 95% CI: 0.76-1.05) born to mother exposed to anti-TNFα during pregnancy. Read More
Anticonvulsants and the risk of perinatal bleeding complications: a pregnancy cohort study.
Panchaud A, Cohen JM, Patorno E, Huybrechts KF, Desai RJ, Gray KJ, Mogun H, Hernandez-Diaz S, Bateman BT.
Neurology. 2018 Aug 7;91:e533-e542. doi: 10.1212/WNL.0000000000005944. Epub 2018 Jul 6.
In this large observational study, the authors aimed to examine the risk of postpartum hemorrhage (PPH) and neonatal bleeding complications associated with late-pregnancy exposure to anticonvulsant drugs (ACDs) that induce cytochrome P450 enzymes (ACDi) and alter the metabolism of vitamin K compared to other ACDs. Among 11,572 women with an ACD prescription overlapping delivery, 2.6% (135/5,109) in the ACDi group and 3.6% (231/6,463) in the other ACDs group had a diagnosis of PPH: unadjusted RR 0.74 (95% CI 0.60-0.91), adjusted RR 0.77 (95% CI 0.58-1.00). The prevalence of neonatal bleeding complications was 3.1% (157/5,109) in the ACDi group and 3.5% (229/6,463) in the other ACDs group: unadjusted RR 0.87 (95% CI 0.71-1.06), adjusted RR 0.83 (95% CI 0.64-1.08). Read More
Association of maternal diabetes with neonatal outcomes of very preterm and very low-birth-weight infants: an international cohort study.
Persson M, Shah PS, Rusconi F, Reichman B, Modi N, Kusuda S, Lehtonen L, Håkansson S, Yang J, Isayama T, Beltempo M, Lee S, Norman M; International Network for Evaluating Outcomes of Neonates.
JAMA Pediatr. 2018 Jul 2. doi: 10.1001/jamapediatrics.2018.1811. [Epub ahead of print]
In this study, the authors aimed to determine the associations between maternal diabetes and in-hospital mortality, as well as neonatal morbidity in very preterm infants with a birth weight of less than 1500 g. Of 76 360 infants, 25 962 (34%) and 33 598 (44%) were born before 28 weeks of gestation to mothers with and without diabetes, respectively. Infants of mothers with diabetes were born at a later GA than infants of mothers without diabetes. In adjusted analyses, no significant differences in in-hospital mortality (adjusted OR, 1.16 (95% CI, 0.97-1.39) or the composite of mortality and severe morbidity (adjusted OR, 0.99 (95% CI, 0.88-1.10) were observed. With few exceptions, outcomes of infants born to mothers with and without diabetes were similar regardless of infant sex, GA, or country of birth. Read More
It's the mother!: How assumptions about the causal primacy of maternal effects influence research on the developmental origins of health and disease.
Sharp GC, Lawlor DA, Richardson SS.
Soc Sci Med. 2018 Jul 21;213:20-27. doi: 10.1016/j.socscimed.2018.07.035. [Epub ahead of print]
Research on the developmental origins of health and disease (DOHaD) has traditionally focused on how maternal exposures around the time of pregnancy might influence offspring health and risk of disease. The authors acknowledge that for some exposures this is likely to be correct, but argue that the focus on maternal pregnancy effects also reflects implicit and deeply-held assumptions that 1) causal early life exposures are primarily transmitted via maternal traits or exposures, 2) maternal exposures around the time of pregnancy and early infancy are particularly important, and 3) other factors, such as paternal factors and postnatal exposures in later life, have relatively little impact in comparison. These implicit assumptions about the "causal primacy" of maternal pregnancy effects set the agenda for DOHaD research and, through a looping effect, are reinforced rather than tested. The authors propose practical strategies to redress this imbalance through maintaining a critical perspective about these assumptions. Read More
Bayesian correction for exposure misclassification and evolution of evidence in two studies of the association between maternal occupational exposure to asthmagens and risk of autism spectrum disorder.
Singer AB, Daniele Fallin M, Burstyn I.
Curr Environ Health Rep. 2018 Jul 20. doi: 10.1007/s40572-018-0205-0. [Epub ahead of print]
Inference in epidemiologic studies is plagued by exposure misclassification with several existing methods to correct for misclassification error. One approach is to use point estimates for the sensitivity (Sn) and specificity (Sp) of the tool used for exposure assessment. Unfortunately, typically the Sn and Sp are not known with certainty. Bayesian methods for exposure misclassification correction allow us to model this uncertainty via distributions for Sn and Sp. The authors illustrated an occupational epidemiology application of a Bayesian approach to correct for the differential misclassification error generated by estimating occupational exposures from job codes using a job exposure matrix (JEM). The authors argued that analyses accounting for exposure misclassification should become more commonplace in the literature. Read More
Patterns of biologics utilization and discontinuation before and during pregnancy in women with autoimmune diseases: a population-based cohort study.
Tsao NW, Lynd LD, Sadatsafavi M, Hanley G, De Vera MA.
Arthritis Care Res (Hoboken). 2018 Jul;70:979-986. doi: 10.1002/acr.23434. Epub 2018 Apr 30.
The authors aimed to characterize patterns of biologics use and discontinuation before and during pregnancy in women with autoimmune diseases in British Columbia, Canada. The use of biologics in this cohort increased from 0% in 2002 to 5.7% by 2012 (P < 0.001). Within the first trimester of pregnancy, 31% of women (34/110) discontinued their biologic treatment, and 38% (30/79) discontinued use in the second trimester, while 98% of those receiving treatment in the second trimester (50/51) continued treatment in the third trimester. Women with rheumatoid arthritis had three times higher odds (OR 3.40 [95% CI1.33-8.71]) of discontinuing biologics during pregnancy, compared to those with inflammatory bowel disease. Read More
Optimizing an algorithm for the identification and classification of pregnancy outcomes in German claims data.
Wentzell N, Schink T, Haug U, Ulrich S, Niemeyer M, Mikolajczyk R.
Pharmacoepidemiol Drug Saf. 2018 Jul 18. doi: 10.1002/pds.4588. [Epub ahead of print]
The authors aimed to optimize an existing algorithm for the identification and classification of pregnancy outcomes in the German Pharmacoepidemiological Research Database (GePaRD) with a particular focus on births. The algorithm identified 1,235,261 pregnancy outcomes in the database, with the majority (94%) being live births, classified as preterm (10%), term (78%), and (12%) births after the expected delivery date. Implausible sequence of outcomes (for example, an induced abortion within a pregnancy categorized as ending in a live birth) were rare (0.03%). Read More
Maternal type 1 diabetes and risk of autism in offspring.
Xiang AH, Wang X, Martinez MP, Page K, Buchanan TA, Feldman RK.
JAMA. 2018 Jul 3;320:89-91. doi: 10.1001/jama.2018.7614.
Little is known about autism spectrum disorder (ASD) risk associated with maternal preexisting type 1 diabetes (T1D). The authors extended previous observations by examining the risk of ASD in offspring associated with maternal T1D, type 2 diabetes (T2D) T2D, and gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM). Potential risk associated with antidiabetic medication exposure was assessed in the GDM group. Relative to no diabetes exposure, the adjusted HRs for exposure to maternal diabetes were 2.36 (95% CI, 1.36-4.12) for T1D, 1.45 (95% CI, 1.24-1.70) for T2D, 1.30 (95% CI, 1.12-1.51) for GDM by 26 weeks’ gestation, and 0.99 (95% CI, 0.88-1.12) for GDM after 26 weeks. Risks were not statistically significantly different between those with vs without antidiabetic medication exposure during pregnancy within the GDM group (adjusted HR, 1.18 [95% CI, 0.97-1.43]; P = .10). Read More
Pediatrics
Cardiovascular events following treatment initiation with atypical antipsychotic medications in publicly insured U.S. youth
Burcu M, Zito JM, Safer DJ, Magder LS, dosReis S, Shaya FT, Rosenthal GL
J Child Adolesc Psychopharmacol. 2018 Jul 5. doi: 10.1089/cap.2017.0121.
The authors assessed the risk of incident cardiovascular events that led to hospitalizations or emergency department visits following atypical antipsychotic (AAP) treatment initiation in youth. Medicaid claims were used to conduct a retrospective cohort study of youth (5-20 years) who initiated AAP treatment. During follow-up, the risk of cardiovascular events was significantly greater during current than former AAP use (RR = 1.55, 95% CI = 1.09-2.21). The risk intensified with increasing dose and with concomitant SSRI/SNRI use. Read More
Masking by vaccines in pediatric drug safety signal detection in the EudraVigilance database
Dodd C, Pacurariu A, Osokogu OU, Weibel D, Ferrajolo C, Vo DH, Becker B, Kors JA, Sturkenboom M
Pharmacoepidemiol Drug Saf. 2018 Jul 31. doi: 10.1002/pds.4623.
This study analyzed the masking effect of vaccines in pediatrics in the EudraVigilance database by conducting disproportionality analysis in the full database (containing vaccine exposures) and in a restricted set (excluding vaccine exposures). Removal of vaccines decreased the reporting odds ratio (ROR) values both in negative and positive controls. The authors recommend stratification by age and removal of vaccine exposures if the investigated adverse drug reactions include those typically reported in association with vaccines for the age strata. Read More
Opioid prescribing to adolescents in the United States from 2005 to 2016
Henke RM, Tehrani AB, Ali MM, Mutter R, Mazer-Amirshahi M, O'Brien PL, Mark TL
Psychiatr Serv. 2018 Jul 9:appips201700562. doi: 10.1176/appi.ps.201700562.
IBM MarketScan commercial and Medicaid claims data were used to measure days' supply among adolescents (2005-2016). For adolescents, fills of prescription opioids generally exceeded three days. Efforts to reduce opioid prescribing through guidelines, prescription drug monitoring programs, and limits on days' supply do not appear to have affected prescribing for adolescents as much as desired. Read More
Utilization of antiepileptic medicines in Swedish children and adolescents with different diagnoses
Karlsson Lind L, Wide K, Wettermark B, von Euler M
Basic Clin Pharmacol Toxicol. 2018 Jul;123(1):94-100. doi: 10.1111/bcpt.12981.
This study aimed to investigate the utilization of antiepileptic drugs (AEDs) in children and adolescents (0-17 years) with epilepsy and other diagnoses in a nationwide population between 2007 and 2014 using data from the Swedish Prescribed Drug Register and the National Patient Register. Epilepsy was the most frequent diagnosis (46%) recorded within the year prior to the first AED dispensing. Psychiatric and pain diagnoses were more common in girls. Individual AEDs used seems to be in accordance with approved indications. However, the use of AED on non-epilepsy diagnoses, especially pain disorders, raises concerns. Read More
Trends in the "off-label" use of GnRH agonists among pediatric patients in the United States
Lopez CM, Solomon D, Boulware SD, Christison-Lagay E
Clin Pediatr (Phila). 2018 Jul 1:9922818787260. doi: 10.1177/0009922818787260.
This study analyzed data on the use of Supprelin and Lupron reported to the Pediatric Health Information System (PHIS) from 2013 to 2016 to determine the trends in both the FDA-approved and off-label uses of these medications. The fraction of children receiving therapy for an off-label indication more than doubled, from 12% to 29%. Privately insured patients were more likely to be treated for an off-label indication (13%) than Medicaid patients (8%). Read More
Use and characteristics of antipsychotic/methylphenidate combination therapy in children and adolescents with a diagnosis of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder
Scholle O, Banaschewski T, Enders D, Garbe E, Riedel O
J Child Adolesc Psychopharmacol. 2018 Jul/Aug;28(6):415-422. doi: 10.1089/cap.2018.0024.
This study aimed to estimate the cumulative proportion of concomitant antipsychotic (AP)/ methylphenidate (MPH) use in children and adolescents with ADHD. The cumulative proportion of individuals with any AP/MPH combination therapy rose to over 6% within 9 years after initiating MPH. The proportion of individuals with potentially appropriate use was high (>72%) in risperidone/MPH and tiapride/MPH and low (15%) in pipamperone/MPH combination users. ADHD guidelines should specify algorithms concerning the use of AP medication. Read More
Transition to a new electronic health record and pediatric medication safety: lessons learned in pediatrics within a large academic health system
Whalen K, Lynch E, Moawad I, John T, Lozowski D, Cummings BM
J Am Med Inform Assoc. 2018 Jul 1;25(7):848-854. doi: 10.1093/jamia/ocy034.
The authors describe medication safety and implementation challenges and solutions in the pediatric population of a large academic center transitioning its EHR to Epic. After implementation, there was a 5-fold increase in the overall number of medication safety reports; by the third month the rate of reported medication errors had returned to baseline. Three major safety themes arose: (1) enterprise logic in rounding of doses and dosing volumes; (2) ordering clinician seeing a concentration and product when ordering medications; and (3) the need for standardized dosing units through age contexts created issues with continuous infusions and pump library safeguards. Read More
Concomitant use of psychotropic medication with stimulants for the treatment of ADHD in children and adolescents: a retrospective insurance claims study in the united states.
Zhou Z, Betts KA, Bocharova I, Kinrich D, Spalding WM
J Atten Disord. 2018 Jul 1:1087054718784668. doi: 10.1177/1087054718784668.
This study evaluated annual concomitant psychotropic medication use among stimulant-treated children (6-12 years) and adolescents (13-17 years) with ADHD from 2011-2014. Annual period prevalence of any concomitant psychotropic medication use was 22.9% to 25.0% for children and 25.2% to 28.2% for adolescents. The most common medication categories included selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors, atypical antipsychotics, and guanfacine extended release. Read More
Burcu M, Zito JM, Safer DJ, Magder LS, dosReis S, Shaya FT, Rosenthal GL
J Child Adolesc Psychopharmacol. 2018 Jul 5. doi: 10.1089/cap.2017.0121.
The authors assessed the risk of incident cardiovascular events that led to hospitalizations or emergency department visits following atypical antipsychotic (AAP) treatment initiation in youth. Medicaid claims were used to conduct a retrospective cohort study of youth (5-20 years) who initiated AAP treatment. During follow-up, the risk of cardiovascular events was significantly greater during current than former AAP use (RR = 1.55, 95% CI = 1.09-2.21). The risk intensified with increasing dose and with concomitant SSRI/SNRI use. Read More
Masking by vaccines in pediatric drug safety signal detection in the EudraVigilance database
Dodd C, Pacurariu A, Osokogu OU, Weibel D, Ferrajolo C, Vo DH, Becker B, Kors JA, Sturkenboom M
Pharmacoepidemiol Drug Saf. 2018 Jul 31. doi: 10.1002/pds.4623.
This study analyzed the masking effect of vaccines in pediatrics in the EudraVigilance database by conducting disproportionality analysis in the full database (containing vaccine exposures) and in a restricted set (excluding vaccine exposures). Removal of vaccines decreased the reporting odds ratio (ROR) values both in negative and positive controls. The authors recommend stratification by age and removal of vaccine exposures if the investigated adverse drug reactions include those typically reported in association with vaccines for the age strata. Read More
Opioid prescribing to adolescents in the United States from 2005 to 2016
Henke RM, Tehrani AB, Ali MM, Mutter R, Mazer-Amirshahi M, O'Brien PL, Mark TL
Psychiatr Serv. 2018 Jul 9:appips201700562. doi: 10.1176/appi.ps.201700562.
IBM MarketScan commercial and Medicaid claims data were used to measure days' supply among adolescents (2005-2016). For adolescents, fills of prescription opioids generally exceeded three days. Efforts to reduce opioid prescribing through guidelines, prescription drug monitoring programs, and limits on days' supply do not appear to have affected prescribing for adolescents as much as desired. Read More
Utilization of antiepileptic medicines in Swedish children and adolescents with different diagnoses
Karlsson Lind L, Wide K, Wettermark B, von Euler M
Basic Clin Pharmacol Toxicol. 2018 Jul;123(1):94-100. doi: 10.1111/bcpt.12981.
This study aimed to investigate the utilization of antiepileptic drugs (AEDs) in children and adolescents (0-17 years) with epilepsy and other diagnoses in a nationwide population between 2007 and 2014 using data from the Swedish Prescribed Drug Register and the National Patient Register. Epilepsy was the most frequent diagnosis (46%) recorded within the year prior to the first AED dispensing. Psychiatric and pain diagnoses were more common in girls. Individual AEDs used seems to be in accordance with approved indications. However, the use of AED on non-epilepsy diagnoses, especially pain disorders, raises concerns. Read More
Trends in the "off-label" use of GnRH agonists among pediatric patients in the United States
Lopez CM, Solomon D, Boulware SD, Christison-Lagay E
Clin Pediatr (Phila). 2018 Jul 1:9922818787260. doi: 10.1177/0009922818787260.
This study analyzed data on the use of Supprelin and Lupron reported to the Pediatric Health Information System (PHIS) from 2013 to 2016 to determine the trends in both the FDA-approved and off-label uses of these medications. The fraction of children receiving therapy for an off-label indication more than doubled, from 12% to 29%. Privately insured patients were more likely to be treated for an off-label indication (13%) than Medicaid patients (8%). Read More
Use and characteristics of antipsychotic/methylphenidate combination therapy in children and adolescents with a diagnosis of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder
Scholle O, Banaschewski T, Enders D, Garbe E, Riedel O
J Child Adolesc Psychopharmacol. 2018 Jul/Aug;28(6):415-422. doi: 10.1089/cap.2018.0024.
This study aimed to estimate the cumulative proportion of concomitant antipsychotic (AP)/ methylphenidate (MPH) use in children and adolescents with ADHD. The cumulative proportion of individuals with any AP/MPH combination therapy rose to over 6% within 9 years after initiating MPH. The proportion of individuals with potentially appropriate use was high (>72%) in risperidone/MPH and tiapride/MPH and low (15%) in pipamperone/MPH combination users. ADHD guidelines should specify algorithms concerning the use of AP medication. Read More
Transition to a new electronic health record and pediatric medication safety: lessons learned in pediatrics within a large academic health system
Whalen K, Lynch E, Moawad I, John T, Lozowski D, Cummings BM
J Am Med Inform Assoc. 2018 Jul 1;25(7):848-854. doi: 10.1093/jamia/ocy034.
The authors describe medication safety and implementation challenges and solutions in the pediatric population of a large academic center transitioning its EHR to Epic. After implementation, there was a 5-fold increase in the overall number of medication safety reports; by the third month the rate of reported medication errors had returned to baseline. Three major safety themes arose: (1) enterprise logic in rounding of doses and dosing volumes; (2) ordering clinician seeing a concentration and product when ordering medications; and (3) the need for standardized dosing units through age contexts created issues with continuous infusions and pump library safeguards. Read More
Concomitant use of psychotropic medication with stimulants for the treatment of ADHD in children and adolescents: a retrospective insurance claims study in the united states.
Zhou Z, Betts KA, Bocharova I, Kinrich D, Spalding WM
J Atten Disord. 2018 Jul 1:1087054718784668. doi: 10.1177/1087054718784668.
This study evaluated annual concomitant psychotropic medication use among stimulant-treated children (6-12 years) and adolescents (13-17 years) with ADHD from 2011-2014. Annual period prevalence of any concomitant psychotropic medication use was 22.9% to 25.0% for children and 25.2% to 28.2% for adolescents. The most common medication categories included selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors, atypical antipsychotics, and guanfacine extended release. Read More
OCtober 2018
Pregnancy
Longitudinal trajectories of antidepressant use in pregnancy and the postnatal period.
Bandoli G, Kuo GM, Sugathan R, Chambers CD, Rolland M, Palmsten K.
Arch Womens Ment Health. 2018 Aug;21:411-419. doi: 10.1007/s00737-018-0809-2.
The authors performed longitudinal trajectory modeling to describe patterns of antidepressant use in the first 32 weeks of pregnancy, and test whether these trajectories are associated with a reduction in birth weight or gestational age at delivery. The authors clustered women with similar utilization patterns using k-means longitudinal modeling. Relative to the lowest trajectory group, the highest trajectory group during pregnancy was associated with reduced birth weight in multivariable analysis (average daily highest trajectory vs. lowest trajectory β - 314.1 g, 95% CI - 613.7, - 15.5) adjusted for depression severity score, maternal age, race, and pregnancy smoking. Trajectory groups were not associated with gestational age at delivery. Read More
Opioid use during pregnancy, observations of opioid use, and secular trend from 2006 to 2014 at HealthPartners Medical Group.
Elliott TE, Frail CK, Pawloski PA, Thomas AJ, The authorsrner AM, Rossom RC.
Clin J Pain. 2018 Aug;34:707-712. doi: 10.1097/AJP.0000000000000592.
This study was aimed to determine the prevalence of opioid use before, during, and after pregnancy and describe its use based on patient-specific characteristics in a large Upper Midwest integrated health care system from July 1, 2006 through June 30, 2014. From 11,565 deliveries among 9690 unique women, 862 (7.5%) deliveries were associated with significant opioid use. Significant opioid use was associated with single marital status, Cesarean section, Medicaid coverage, tobacco use, depression, anxiety, bipolar disorder, substance use disorder, nonopioid analgesic use, and referral to physical therapy, psychotherapy, or pain specialists. From 2006 to 2014 opioid use decreased from 9% to 6% before, during, and after pregnancy with a rate of change per year of -0.2%. Read More
Maternal infection requiring hospitalization during pregnancy and attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder in offspring: A quasi-experimental family-based study.
Ginsberg Y, D'Onofrio BM, Rickert ME, Class QA, Rosenqvist MA, Almqvist C, Lichtenstein P, Larsson H.
J Child Psychol Psychiatry. 2018 Aug 23. doi: 10.1111/jcpp.12959.
Maternal infection during pregnancy (IDP) has been associated with increased risk of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) in offspring. However, infection is associated with social adversity, poor living conditions and other background familial factors. As such, there is a need to rule out whether the observed association might be attributed to such confounding. In this study, the authors found that maternal IDP was associated with ADHD in offspring (HR = 2.31, 2.04-2.61). This association was attenuated when accounting for measured covariates (HR = 1.86, 1.65-2.10). The association was further attenuated when adjusting for unmeasured factors shared between cousins (HR = 1.52, 1.12-2.07). Finally, the association was fully attenuated in sibling comparisons (HR = 1.03, 0.76-1.41). Read More
Risk of childhood cerebral palsy following prenatal exposure to ß2-adrenergic receptor agonist: A nationwide cohort study.
Li L, Wang Z, Liang H, Yang F, Yuan W, Gelaye B, Yu Y, Miao M, Nørgaard M, Li J.
PLoS One. 2018 Aug 16;13:e0202078. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0202078.
This study was aimed to examine the association between prenatal exposure to β2AAs and the risk of childhood cerebral palsy (CP). Children born to mothers who used β2AAs from 30 days before pregnancy until delivery were categorized as the exposed. Among all the 442,278 singletons, the risk of childhood CP was 0.21% in exposed and 0.19% in unexposed group, yielding an aOR 1.12 (0.82 - 1.53). When extending the exposure time window to 2 years prior to pregnancy, no overall significant association was observed regardless of the exposure period. However, an increased risk of CP (aOR = 1.41, 0.92 - 2.18) for maternal β2AAs use during pregnancy was observed in female offspring, especially in those born at term (aOR = 1.65, 1.02 - 2.67). This increase was mainly attributed to an increased risk in those born to mothers who used β2AAs both before and during pregnancy (aOR = 1.81, 0.99 - 3.33). Read More
Pregnancy outcomes in women with multiple sclerosis.
MacDonald SC, McElrath TF, Hernández-Díaz S.
Am J Epidemiol. 2018 Aug 28. doi: 10.1093/aje/kwy197.
Few studies have assessed the risk for adverse pregnancy outcomes in women with multiple sclerosis (MS). The authors used two large United States administrative databases (2011-2015 Truven Health Marketscan® Database; 2007-2011 Nationwide Inpatient Sample) to identify delivery cohorts. MS and pregnancy outcomes (infections, Cesarean section, preterm delivery, poor fetal growth, preeclampsia, chorioamnionitis, postpartum hemorrhage, stillbirth, infant malformations) were identified during pregnancy and at delivery. Women with MS had an increased risk of infections during pregnancy (adjusted risk ratio Truven: 1.22 [1.16, 1.27]) and preterm delivery (Truven 1.19 [1.04, 1.35]; Nationwide Inpatient Sample 1.30 [1.16, 1.44]). The risk of other outcomes was similar for women with and without MS. Read More
Association of hypertensive disorders of pregnancy with risk of neurodevelopmental disorders in offspring: a systematic review and meta-analysis.
Maher GM, O'Keeffe GW, Kearney PM, Kenny LC, Dinan TG, Mattsson M, Khashan AS.
JAMA Psychiatry. 2018 Aug 1;75:809-819. doi: 10.1001/jamapsychiatry.2018.0854.
The authors aimed to synthesize the published literature on the association between hypertensive disorders of pregnancy (HDP) and risk of neurodevelopmental disorders in offspring in a systematic review and meta-analysis. The authors conducted random-effects meta-analyses of estimated pooled odds ratios (ORs) for HDP and ASD and for HDP and ADHD. Of 1166 studies identified, 61 unique articles met inclusion criteria. Twenty studies reported estimates for ASD. Eleven of these reported adjusted estimates, with a pooled adjusted OR of 1.35 (95% CI, 1.11-1.64). Ten studies reported estimates for ADHD. Six of these reported adjusted estimates, with a pooled adjusted OR of 1.29 (95% CI, 1.22-1.36). Thirty-one studies met inclusion criteria for all other neurodevelopmental disorders. Individual estimates reported for these were largely inconsistent, with few patterns of association observed. Read More
Pregnancy complications following fertility treatment-disentangling the role of multiple gestation.
Oberg AS, VanderThe authorsele TJ, Almqvist C, Hernandez-Diaz S.
Int J Epidemiol. 2018 Aug 1;47:1333-1342. doi: 10.1093/ije/dyy103.
This study was aimed to assess the extent to which multiple gestations mediate risk of pregnancy complications from fertility treatment and to address possible confounding by the underlying infertility. Compared with pregnancies achieved without any assistance, those having received some treatment had higher odds of all studied complications except gestational diabetes. Associations with placenta previa (OR 2.17, 1.95-2.40) and placental abruption (OR 1.77, 1.54-2.03) were almost entirely independent of multiple gestations. In contrast, the majority of the associations with preterm birth (OR 1.69, 1.62-1.77), caesarean delivery (RR 1.15, 1.13-1.17) and pre-eclampsia (OR 1.17, 1.11-1.22) were mediated by multiple gestations (87%, 62% and 91% of the effect mediated, respectively). Both direct and mediated pathways contributed to the remaining positive associations with chorioamnionitis, labour induction and postpartum haemorrhage. Read More
Ondansetron for treatment of nausea and vomiting of pregnancy and the risk of specific birth defects.
Parker SE, Van Bennekom C, Anderka M, Mitchell AA; National Birth Defects Prevention Study.
Obstet Gynecol. 2018 Aug;132:385-394. doi: 10.1097/AOG.0000000000002679.
The authors used data from two case-control studies, the National Birth Defects Prevention Study (1997-2011) and the Slone Birth Defects Study (1997-2014) to describe time trends in ondansetron use and to investigate associations between first-trimester ondansetron use and major birth defects. Among women in the control group, ondansetron exposure increased from less than 1% before 2000 to 13% in 2013-2014. Ondansetron use was not associated with an increased risk for most of the 51 defect groups analyzed. Modest increases in risk were observed for cleft palate (adjusted OR 1.6, 95% CI 1.1-2.3) in the National Birth Defects Prevention Study and renal agenesis-dysgenesis (adjusted OR 1.8, 95% CI 1.1-3.0) in the Birth Defects Study, although these findings may be the result of chance. Read More
Brief report: Maternal opioid prescription from preconception through pregnancy and the odds of autism spectrum disorder and autism features in children.
Rubenstein E, Young JC, Croen LA, DiGuiseppi C, Dowling NF, Lee LC, Schieve L, Wiggins LD, Daniels J.
J Autism Dev Disord. 2018 Aug 21. doi: 10.1007/s10803-018-3721-8.
The authors examined associations between maternal opioid prescriptions preconception to delivery (peri-pregnancy) and child's risk of ASD, developmental delay/disorder (DD) with no ASD features, or ASD/DD with autism features in the Study to Explore Early Development, a case-control study of neurodevelopment. Preconception opioid prescription was associated with 2.43 times the odds of ASD (95% CI 0.99, 6.02) and 2.64 times the odds of ASD/DD with autism features (95% CI 1.10, 6.31) compared to mothers without prescriptions. Odds for ASD and ASD/DD were non-significantly elevated for first trimester prescriptions. Read More
Implications of changes in FDA prescribing information regarding the safety and use of asthma biologics during pregnancy.
Schatz M, Krishnan JA, Chambers C.
Ann Am Thorac Soc. 2018 Aug 21. doi: 10.1513/AnnalsATS.201806-400PP.
Many lung diseases occur in women of childbearing age, and treating these conditions requires knowledge of the safety of the treatments during pregnancy as well as understanding the risks of the disease itself for the mother and the infant. An important source of this information has been the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA)-approved Prescribing Information. The FDA revised the format of the pregnancy information provided in the Prescribing Information by instituting the Pregnancy and Lactation Labeling Rule (PLLR) on June 1, 2015. This Perspective provides a description of the new FDA Prescribing Information format for medication safety during pregnancy and then discusses asthma, the most common pulmonary condition in pregnant women, as a use case. Read More
Long-term effects of oral antidiabetic drugs during pregnancy on offspring: a systematic review and meta-analysis of follow-up studies of RCTs.
van The authorselden W, The authorskker V, de Wit L, Limpens J, Ijäs H, van Wassenaer-Leemhuis AG, Roseboom TJ, van Rijn BB, DeVries JH, Painter RC.
Diabetes Ther. 2018 Aug 30. doi: 10.1007/s13300-018-0479-0.
This systematic review summarises the evidence of follow-up studies of randomised controlled trials (RCTs) reporting on long-term effects of prenatal exposure to oral antidiabetic drugs (OADs) on offspring. RCTs evaluating post-neonatal health effects in offspring and comparing maternal treatment with an OAD with no treatment, placebo, an alternative OAD or insulin during pregnancy were eligible for inclusion. Meta-analysis showed that children prenatally exposed to metformin were heavier compared to controls (standardized mean difference (SMD) 0.26 [95% CI 0.11-0.41]), but not taller (SMD 0.10 [95% CI -0.14-0.33]). Additionally, offspring body mass index (BMI) z scores did not differ according to metformin exposure (mean difference 0.30 [95% CI -0.01-0.61]). Read More
Bandoli G, Kuo GM, Sugathan R, Chambers CD, Rolland M, Palmsten K.
Arch Womens Ment Health. 2018 Aug;21:411-419. doi: 10.1007/s00737-018-0809-2.
The authors performed longitudinal trajectory modeling to describe patterns of antidepressant use in the first 32 weeks of pregnancy, and test whether these trajectories are associated with a reduction in birth weight or gestational age at delivery. The authors clustered women with similar utilization patterns using k-means longitudinal modeling. Relative to the lowest trajectory group, the highest trajectory group during pregnancy was associated with reduced birth weight in multivariable analysis (average daily highest trajectory vs. lowest trajectory β - 314.1 g, 95% CI - 613.7, - 15.5) adjusted for depression severity score, maternal age, race, and pregnancy smoking. Trajectory groups were not associated with gestational age at delivery. Read More
Opioid use during pregnancy, observations of opioid use, and secular trend from 2006 to 2014 at HealthPartners Medical Group.
Elliott TE, Frail CK, Pawloski PA, Thomas AJ, The authorsrner AM, Rossom RC.
Clin J Pain. 2018 Aug;34:707-712. doi: 10.1097/AJP.0000000000000592.
This study was aimed to determine the prevalence of opioid use before, during, and after pregnancy and describe its use based on patient-specific characteristics in a large Upper Midwest integrated health care system from July 1, 2006 through June 30, 2014. From 11,565 deliveries among 9690 unique women, 862 (7.5%) deliveries were associated with significant opioid use. Significant opioid use was associated with single marital status, Cesarean section, Medicaid coverage, tobacco use, depression, anxiety, bipolar disorder, substance use disorder, nonopioid analgesic use, and referral to physical therapy, psychotherapy, or pain specialists. From 2006 to 2014 opioid use decreased from 9% to 6% before, during, and after pregnancy with a rate of change per year of -0.2%. Read More
Maternal infection requiring hospitalization during pregnancy and attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder in offspring: A quasi-experimental family-based study.
Ginsberg Y, D'Onofrio BM, Rickert ME, Class QA, Rosenqvist MA, Almqvist C, Lichtenstein P, Larsson H.
J Child Psychol Psychiatry. 2018 Aug 23. doi: 10.1111/jcpp.12959.
Maternal infection during pregnancy (IDP) has been associated with increased risk of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) in offspring. However, infection is associated with social adversity, poor living conditions and other background familial factors. As such, there is a need to rule out whether the observed association might be attributed to such confounding. In this study, the authors found that maternal IDP was associated with ADHD in offspring (HR = 2.31, 2.04-2.61). This association was attenuated when accounting for measured covariates (HR = 1.86, 1.65-2.10). The association was further attenuated when adjusting for unmeasured factors shared between cousins (HR = 1.52, 1.12-2.07). Finally, the association was fully attenuated in sibling comparisons (HR = 1.03, 0.76-1.41). Read More
Risk of childhood cerebral palsy following prenatal exposure to ß2-adrenergic receptor agonist: A nationwide cohort study.
Li L, Wang Z, Liang H, Yang F, Yuan W, Gelaye B, Yu Y, Miao M, Nørgaard M, Li J.
PLoS One. 2018 Aug 16;13:e0202078. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0202078.
This study was aimed to examine the association between prenatal exposure to β2AAs and the risk of childhood cerebral palsy (CP). Children born to mothers who used β2AAs from 30 days before pregnancy until delivery were categorized as the exposed. Among all the 442,278 singletons, the risk of childhood CP was 0.21% in exposed and 0.19% in unexposed group, yielding an aOR 1.12 (0.82 - 1.53). When extending the exposure time window to 2 years prior to pregnancy, no overall significant association was observed regardless of the exposure period. However, an increased risk of CP (aOR = 1.41, 0.92 - 2.18) for maternal β2AAs use during pregnancy was observed in female offspring, especially in those born at term (aOR = 1.65, 1.02 - 2.67). This increase was mainly attributed to an increased risk in those born to mothers who used β2AAs both before and during pregnancy (aOR = 1.81, 0.99 - 3.33). Read More
Pregnancy outcomes in women with multiple sclerosis.
MacDonald SC, McElrath TF, Hernández-Díaz S.
Am J Epidemiol. 2018 Aug 28. doi: 10.1093/aje/kwy197.
Few studies have assessed the risk for adverse pregnancy outcomes in women with multiple sclerosis (MS). The authors used two large United States administrative databases (2011-2015 Truven Health Marketscan® Database; 2007-2011 Nationwide Inpatient Sample) to identify delivery cohorts. MS and pregnancy outcomes (infections, Cesarean section, preterm delivery, poor fetal growth, preeclampsia, chorioamnionitis, postpartum hemorrhage, stillbirth, infant malformations) were identified during pregnancy and at delivery. Women with MS had an increased risk of infections during pregnancy (adjusted risk ratio Truven: 1.22 [1.16, 1.27]) and preterm delivery (Truven 1.19 [1.04, 1.35]; Nationwide Inpatient Sample 1.30 [1.16, 1.44]). The risk of other outcomes was similar for women with and without MS. Read More
Association of hypertensive disorders of pregnancy with risk of neurodevelopmental disorders in offspring: a systematic review and meta-analysis.
Maher GM, O'Keeffe GW, Kearney PM, Kenny LC, Dinan TG, Mattsson M, Khashan AS.
JAMA Psychiatry. 2018 Aug 1;75:809-819. doi: 10.1001/jamapsychiatry.2018.0854.
The authors aimed to synthesize the published literature on the association between hypertensive disorders of pregnancy (HDP) and risk of neurodevelopmental disorders in offspring in a systematic review and meta-analysis. The authors conducted random-effects meta-analyses of estimated pooled odds ratios (ORs) for HDP and ASD and for HDP and ADHD. Of 1166 studies identified, 61 unique articles met inclusion criteria. Twenty studies reported estimates for ASD. Eleven of these reported adjusted estimates, with a pooled adjusted OR of 1.35 (95% CI, 1.11-1.64). Ten studies reported estimates for ADHD. Six of these reported adjusted estimates, with a pooled adjusted OR of 1.29 (95% CI, 1.22-1.36). Thirty-one studies met inclusion criteria for all other neurodevelopmental disorders. Individual estimates reported for these were largely inconsistent, with few patterns of association observed. Read More
Pregnancy complications following fertility treatment-disentangling the role of multiple gestation.
Oberg AS, VanderThe authorsele TJ, Almqvist C, Hernandez-Diaz S.
Int J Epidemiol. 2018 Aug 1;47:1333-1342. doi: 10.1093/ije/dyy103.
This study was aimed to assess the extent to which multiple gestations mediate risk of pregnancy complications from fertility treatment and to address possible confounding by the underlying infertility. Compared with pregnancies achieved without any assistance, those having received some treatment had higher odds of all studied complications except gestational diabetes. Associations with placenta previa (OR 2.17, 1.95-2.40) and placental abruption (OR 1.77, 1.54-2.03) were almost entirely independent of multiple gestations. In contrast, the majority of the associations with preterm birth (OR 1.69, 1.62-1.77), caesarean delivery (RR 1.15, 1.13-1.17) and pre-eclampsia (OR 1.17, 1.11-1.22) were mediated by multiple gestations (87%, 62% and 91% of the effect mediated, respectively). Both direct and mediated pathways contributed to the remaining positive associations with chorioamnionitis, labour induction and postpartum haemorrhage. Read More
Ondansetron for treatment of nausea and vomiting of pregnancy and the risk of specific birth defects.
Parker SE, Van Bennekom C, Anderka M, Mitchell AA; National Birth Defects Prevention Study.
Obstet Gynecol. 2018 Aug;132:385-394. doi: 10.1097/AOG.0000000000002679.
The authors used data from two case-control studies, the National Birth Defects Prevention Study (1997-2011) and the Slone Birth Defects Study (1997-2014) to describe time trends in ondansetron use and to investigate associations between first-trimester ondansetron use and major birth defects. Among women in the control group, ondansetron exposure increased from less than 1% before 2000 to 13% in 2013-2014. Ondansetron use was not associated with an increased risk for most of the 51 defect groups analyzed. Modest increases in risk were observed for cleft palate (adjusted OR 1.6, 95% CI 1.1-2.3) in the National Birth Defects Prevention Study and renal agenesis-dysgenesis (adjusted OR 1.8, 95% CI 1.1-3.0) in the Birth Defects Study, although these findings may be the result of chance. Read More
Brief report: Maternal opioid prescription from preconception through pregnancy and the odds of autism spectrum disorder and autism features in children.
Rubenstein E, Young JC, Croen LA, DiGuiseppi C, Dowling NF, Lee LC, Schieve L, Wiggins LD, Daniels J.
J Autism Dev Disord. 2018 Aug 21. doi: 10.1007/s10803-018-3721-8.
The authors examined associations between maternal opioid prescriptions preconception to delivery (peri-pregnancy) and child's risk of ASD, developmental delay/disorder (DD) with no ASD features, or ASD/DD with autism features in the Study to Explore Early Development, a case-control study of neurodevelopment. Preconception opioid prescription was associated with 2.43 times the odds of ASD (95% CI 0.99, 6.02) and 2.64 times the odds of ASD/DD with autism features (95% CI 1.10, 6.31) compared to mothers without prescriptions. Odds for ASD and ASD/DD were non-significantly elevated for first trimester prescriptions. Read More
Implications of changes in FDA prescribing information regarding the safety and use of asthma biologics during pregnancy.
Schatz M, Krishnan JA, Chambers C.
Ann Am Thorac Soc. 2018 Aug 21. doi: 10.1513/AnnalsATS.201806-400PP.
Many lung diseases occur in women of childbearing age, and treating these conditions requires knowledge of the safety of the treatments during pregnancy as well as understanding the risks of the disease itself for the mother and the infant. An important source of this information has been the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA)-approved Prescribing Information. The FDA revised the format of the pregnancy information provided in the Prescribing Information by instituting the Pregnancy and Lactation Labeling Rule (PLLR) on June 1, 2015. This Perspective provides a description of the new FDA Prescribing Information format for medication safety during pregnancy and then discusses asthma, the most common pulmonary condition in pregnant women, as a use case. Read More
Long-term effects of oral antidiabetic drugs during pregnancy on offspring: a systematic review and meta-analysis of follow-up studies of RCTs.
van The authorselden W, The authorskker V, de Wit L, Limpens J, Ijäs H, van Wassenaer-Leemhuis AG, Roseboom TJ, van Rijn BB, DeVries JH, Painter RC.
Diabetes Ther. 2018 Aug 30. doi: 10.1007/s13300-018-0479-0.
This systematic review summarises the evidence of follow-up studies of randomised controlled trials (RCTs) reporting on long-term effects of prenatal exposure to oral antidiabetic drugs (OADs) on offspring. RCTs evaluating post-neonatal health effects in offspring and comparing maternal treatment with an OAD with no treatment, placebo, an alternative OAD or insulin during pregnancy were eligible for inclusion. Meta-analysis showed that children prenatally exposed to metformin were heavier compared to controls (standardized mean difference (SMD) 0.26 [95% CI 0.11-0.41]), but not taller (SMD 0.10 [95% CI -0.14-0.33]). Additionally, offspring body mass index (BMI) z scores did not differ according to metformin exposure (mean difference 0.30 [95% CI -0.01-0.61]). Read More
Pediatrics
Filled prescriptions of age-related contraindicated drugs in children: a one-year nationwide cohort study in the Netherlands.
Cheung K, Teichert M, Moll HA, Stricker BH, Visser LE
Int J Clin Pharm. 2018 Aug 23. doi: 10.1007/s11096-018-0717-6.
The authors examined the incidence and prevalence of contraindicated drugs that were dispensed for the use by children (age <17 years) using routinely collected data from 95% of all community pharmacies in the Netherlands in 2016. 3.9% of all children received at least one drug that was contraindicated for their age. The highest percentage of contraindicated drugs was observed in patients aged 1-2 years and 13-17 years (7.0 and 5.7%, respectively) and the percentage was higher in females compared to males (4.3 and 3.6%, respectively; p value < 0.001). Read More
Comparative efficacy and tolerability of medications for attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder in children, adolescents, and adults: a systematic review and network meta-analysis.
Cortese S, Adamo N, Del Giovane C, Mohr-Jensen C, Hayes AJ, Carucci S, Atkinson LZ, Tessari L, Banaschewski T, Coghill D, Hollis C, Simonoff E, Zuddas A, Barbui C, Purgato M, Steinhausen HC, Shokraneh F, Xia J, Cipriani A
Lancet Psychiatry. 2018 Sep;5(9):727-738. doi: 10.1016/S2215-0366(18)30269-4.
The study systematically identified 133 double-blind randomized controlled trials (81 in children and adolescents, 51 in adults, and one in both) related to the efficacy and tolerability of oral medications for ADHD in children, adolescents, and adults. Summary odds ratios (ORs) and standardized mean differences (SMDs) were estimated using pairwise and network meta-analysis with random effects. For ADHD core symptoms rated by clinicians in children and adolescents, all included drugs were superior to placebo. By contrast, for comparisons based on teachers' ratings, only methylphenidate (SMD -0.82, 95% CI -1.16 to -0.48) and modafinil (-0.76, -1.15 to -0.37) were more efficacious than placebo. With respect to tolerability, amphetamines ([OR] 2.30, 95% CI 1.36-3.89) and guanfacine (2.64, 1.20-5.81) were inferior to placebo in both children and adolescents. Read More
Safety and Side Effects of Rifampin versus Isoniazid in Children.
Diallo T, Adjobimey M, Ruslami R, Trajman A, Sow O, Obeng Baah J, Marks GB, Long R, Elwood K, Zielinski D, Gninafon M, Wulandari DA, Apriani L, Valiquette C, Fregonese F, Hornby K, Li
PZ, Hill PC, Schwartzman K, Benedetti A, Menzies D
N Engl J Med. 2018 Aug 2;379(5):454-463. doi: 10.1056/NEJMoa1714284.
The authors conducted a multicenter, open-label trial of 844 children (<18 years of age) with latent M. tuberculosis infection were randomized to receive 4 months of rifampin or 9 months of isoniazid. The primary outcome was adverse events that resulted in the permanent discontinuation of a trial drug. There were no significant between-group differences in the rates of adverse events. The rates of safety and efficacy were similar in both groups, but treatment with 4 months of rifampin had better rates of adherence compared to 9 months of isoniazid. Read More
Randomized controlled trials in pediatric patients had higher completion rates than adult trials: a cross-sectional study.
Dufetelle E, 't Jong GW, Kaguelidou
J Clin Epidemiol. 2018 Aug;100:53-60. doi: 10.1016/j.jclinepi.2018.04.018.
This study aimed to evaluate the impact of the age of participants on completion rates of randomized controlled trials (RCTs), based on the RCTs registered at ClinicalTrials.gov up through December 31, 2016. Overall, pediatric and mixed age RCTs were more likely to be registered as completed than adult RCTs (odds ratio: 1.16, 95% CI: 1.02-1.30; odds ratio: 1.15, 95% CI: 1.04-1.27, respectively). Contrary to current perceptions and despite several specific challenges, recruitment of children and adolescents is not a limiting factor to completing a RCT. Read More
Safety of repeated doses of tetanus toxoid, reduced diphtheria toxoid, and acellular pertussis vaccine in adults and adolescents.
Jackson ML, Yu O, Nelson JC, Nordin JD, Tartof SY, Klein NP, Donahue JG, Irving SA, Glanz JM, McNeil MM, Jackson LA
Pharmacoepidemiol Drug Saf. 2018 Aug;27(8):921-925. doi: 10.1002/pds.4569.
In the in the Vaccine Safety Datalink population, authors evaluated the safety of repeated doses of tetanus-containing vaccine in 68,915 nonpregnant adolescents and adults who had received an initial dose of Tdap. Compared to those who received a subsequent dose of Td vaccine, the those who received a subsequent dose of Tdap did not have significantly elevated risk of medical visits for seizure, cranial nerve disorders, limb swelling, pain in limb, cellulitis, paralytic syndromes, or encephalopathy/encephalitis/meningitis, suggesting that repeated Tdap vaccination has acceptable safety relative to Tdap vaccination followed by Td vaccination. Read More
Psychotropic Polypharmacy Among Children and Youth Receiving Medicaid, 2012-2015.
Lohr WD, Creel L, Feygin Y, Stevenson M, Smith MJ, Myers J, Woods C, Liu G, Davis DW
J Manag Care Spec Pharm. 2018 Aug;24(8):736-744. doi: 10.18553/jmcp.2018.24.8.736.
This study examined recent trends and determinants of interclass psychotropic polypharmacy (PP) use for 237,393 children and youth (age 0-17 years) with 1+ behavioral health diagnosis in the Kentucky Medicaid claims (2012-2015). Interclass PP was defined as 2+ psychotropic medication prescription fills for 2+ different classes of medication that, if taken as directed, would be used concurrently for at least 90 consecutive days. The primary 2-drug class combinations were stimulants with either alpha agonists or antidepressants. Children aged 6-11 years (beta = 3.08, 95% CI = 2.87, 3.29) and 12-17 years (beta = 1.61, 95% CI = 1.38, 1.83) had more covered months with PP compared with those aged 0-5 years. Read More
Benzodiazepine (BZDs) prescribing for children, adolescents, and young adults from 2006 through 2013: A total population register-linkage study.
Sidorchuk A, Isomura K, Molero Y, Hellner C, Lichtenstein P, Chang Z, Franck J, Fernández de la Cruz L, Mataix-Cols D
PLoS Med. 2018 Aug 7;15(8):e1002635. doi: 10.1371/journal.pmed.1002635.
The authors examined the prevalence rates, relative changes in rates over time, and prescribing patterns for BZD dispensation in 107,739 young people aged 0-24 years using the linkage of 3 nationwide Swedish health and administrative registers (2006-2013). Between 2006 and 2013, the prevalence rate of BZD dispensation among individuals aged 0-24 years increased by 22% from 0.81 per 100 inhabitants to 0.99 per 100 inhabitants. Nearly 30% of participants were prescribed a BZD for longer than 6 months (18% of children, 31% of adolescents, 31% of young adults). Age >11 years at the first BZD dispensation, lifetime psychiatric diagnosis or epilepsy, and concurrent use of other psychotropic drugs were associated with higher odds of being prescribed a BZD for longer than 6 months, high dose prescription, and heavy use. These findings highlight the need for close monitoring of prescribing practices for safe and efficient BZD treatment in young persons. Read More
Cheung K, Teichert M, Moll HA, Stricker BH, Visser LE
Int J Clin Pharm. 2018 Aug 23. doi: 10.1007/s11096-018-0717-6.
The authors examined the incidence and prevalence of contraindicated drugs that were dispensed for the use by children (age <17 years) using routinely collected data from 95% of all community pharmacies in the Netherlands in 2016. 3.9% of all children received at least one drug that was contraindicated for their age. The highest percentage of contraindicated drugs was observed in patients aged 1-2 years and 13-17 years (7.0 and 5.7%, respectively) and the percentage was higher in females compared to males (4.3 and 3.6%, respectively; p value < 0.001). Read More
Comparative efficacy and tolerability of medications for attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder in children, adolescents, and adults: a systematic review and network meta-analysis.
Cortese S, Adamo N, Del Giovane C, Mohr-Jensen C, Hayes AJ, Carucci S, Atkinson LZ, Tessari L, Banaschewski T, Coghill D, Hollis C, Simonoff E, Zuddas A, Barbui C, Purgato M, Steinhausen HC, Shokraneh F, Xia J, Cipriani A
Lancet Psychiatry. 2018 Sep;5(9):727-738. doi: 10.1016/S2215-0366(18)30269-4.
The study systematically identified 133 double-blind randomized controlled trials (81 in children and adolescents, 51 in adults, and one in both) related to the efficacy and tolerability of oral medications for ADHD in children, adolescents, and adults. Summary odds ratios (ORs) and standardized mean differences (SMDs) were estimated using pairwise and network meta-analysis with random effects. For ADHD core symptoms rated by clinicians in children and adolescents, all included drugs were superior to placebo. By contrast, for comparisons based on teachers' ratings, only methylphenidate (SMD -0.82, 95% CI -1.16 to -0.48) and modafinil (-0.76, -1.15 to -0.37) were more efficacious than placebo. With respect to tolerability, amphetamines ([OR] 2.30, 95% CI 1.36-3.89) and guanfacine (2.64, 1.20-5.81) were inferior to placebo in both children and adolescents. Read More
Safety and Side Effects of Rifampin versus Isoniazid in Children.
Diallo T, Adjobimey M, Ruslami R, Trajman A, Sow O, Obeng Baah J, Marks GB, Long R, Elwood K, Zielinski D, Gninafon M, Wulandari DA, Apriani L, Valiquette C, Fregonese F, Hornby K, Li
PZ, Hill PC, Schwartzman K, Benedetti A, Menzies D
N Engl J Med. 2018 Aug 2;379(5):454-463. doi: 10.1056/NEJMoa1714284.
The authors conducted a multicenter, open-label trial of 844 children (<18 years of age) with latent M. tuberculosis infection were randomized to receive 4 months of rifampin or 9 months of isoniazid. The primary outcome was adverse events that resulted in the permanent discontinuation of a trial drug. There were no significant between-group differences in the rates of adverse events. The rates of safety and efficacy were similar in both groups, but treatment with 4 months of rifampin had better rates of adherence compared to 9 months of isoniazid. Read More
Randomized controlled trials in pediatric patients had higher completion rates than adult trials: a cross-sectional study.
Dufetelle E, 't Jong GW, Kaguelidou
J Clin Epidemiol. 2018 Aug;100:53-60. doi: 10.1016/j.jclinepi.2018.04.018.
This study aimed to evaluate the impact of the age of participants on completion rates of randomized controlled trials (RCTs), based on the RCTs registered at ClinicalTrials.gov up through December 31, 2016. Overall, pediatric and mixed age RCTs were more likely to be registered as completed than adult RCTs (odds ratio: 1.16, 95% CI: 1.02-1.30; odds ratio: 1.15, 95% CI: 1.04-1.27, respectively). Contrary to current perceptions and despite several specific challenges, recruitment of children and adolescents is not a limiting factor to completing a RCT. Read More
Safety of repeated doses of tetanus toxoid, reduced diphtheria toxoid, and acellular pertussis vaccine in adults and adolescents.
Jackson ML, Yu O, Nelson JC, Nordin JD, Tartof SY, Klein NP, Donahue JG, Irving SA, Glanz JM, McNeil MM, Jackson LA
Pharmacoepidemiol Drug Saf. 2018 Aug;27(8):921-925. doi: 10.1002/pds.4569.
In the in the Vaccine Safety Datalink population, authors evaluated the safety of repeated doses of tetanus-containing vaccine in 68,915 nonpregnant adolescents and adults who had received an initial dose of Tdap. Compared to those who received a subsequent dose of Td vaccine, the those who received a subsequent dose of Tdap did not have significantly elevated risk of medical visits for seizure, cranial nerve disorders, limb swelling, pain in limb, cellulitis, paralytic syndromes, or encephalopathy/encephalitis/meningitis, suggesting that repeated Tdap vaccination has acceptable safety relative to Tdap vaccination followed by Td vaccination. Read More
Psychotropic Polypharmacy Among Children and Youth Receiving Medicaid, 2012-2015.
Lohr WD, Creel L, Feygin Y, Stevenson M, Smith MJ, Myers J, Woods C, Liu G, Davis DW
J Manag Care Spec Pharm. 2018 Aug;24(8):736-744. doi: 10.18553/jmcp.2018.24.8.736.
This study examined recent trends and determinants of interclass psychotropic polypharmacy (PP) use for 237,393 children and youth (age 0-17 years) with 1+ behavioral health diagnosis in the Kentucky Medicaid claims (2012-2015). Interclass PP was defined as 2+ psychotropic medication prescription fills for 2+ different classes of medication that, if taken as directed, would be used concurrently for at least 90 consecutive days. The primary 2-drug class combinations were stimulants with either alpha agonists or antidepressants. Children aged 6-11 years (beta = 3.08, 95% CI = 2.87, 3.29) and 12-17 years (beta = 1.61, 95% CI = 1.38, 1.83) had more covered months with PP compared with those aged 0-5 years. Read More
Benzodiazepine (BZDs) prescribing for children, adolescents, and young adults from 2006 through 2013: A total population register-linkage study.
Sidorchuk A, Isomura K, Molero Y, Hellner C, Lichtenstein P, Chang Z, Franck J, Fernández de la Cruz L, Mataix-Cols D
PLoS Med. 2018 Aug 7;15(8):e1002635. doi: 10.1371/journal.pmed.1002635.
The authors examined the prevalence rates, relative changes in rates over time, and prescribing patterns for BZD dispensation in 107,739 young people aged 0-24 years using the linkage of 3 nationwide Swedish health and administrative registers (2006-2013). Between 2006 and 2013, the prevalence rate of BZD dispensation among individuals aged 0-24 years increased by 22% from 0.81 per 100 inhabitants to 0.99 per 100 inhabitants. Nearly 30% of participants were prescribed a BZD for longer than 6 months (18% of children, 31% of adolescents, 31% of young adults). Age >11 years at the first BZD dispensation, lifetime psychiatric diagnosis or epilepsy, and concurrent use of other psychotropic drugs were associated with higher odds of being prescribed a BZD for longer than 6 months, high dose prescription, and heavy use. These findings highlight the need for close monitoring of prescribing practices for safe and efficient BZD treatment in young persons. Read More
November 2018
Pregnancy
Hypertensive disorders of pregnancy and genital anomalies in boys: a Danish nationwide cohort study.
Arendt LH, Henriksen TB, Lindhard MS, Parner ET, Olsen J, Ramlau-Hansen CH.
Epidemiology. 2018 Sep;29:739-748. doi: 10.1097/EDE.0000000000000878.
Although congenital abnormalities in the male reproductive tract are common, their causes remain poorly understood. The authors studied associations between hypertensive disorders of pregnancy and the genital anomalies, cryptorchidism and hypospadias. They found associations between pregestational hypertension and cryptorchidism (HR: 1.3; 95% CI = 1.1, 1.6) and hypospadias (HR: 1.7; 95% CI = 1.3, 2.3), whereas gestational hypertension was only associated with cryptorchidism (HR: 1.2; 95% CI = 1.1, 1.4). Boys of mothers with preeclampsia had the highest occurrence of cryptorchidism and hypospadias, increasing with preeclampsia severity. Further, the occurrence increased with early onset of preeclampsia diagnosis. Read More
Review of vaccination in pregnancy to prevent pertussis in early infancy.
Campbell H, Gupta S, Dolan GP, Kapadia SJ, Kumar Singh A, Andrews N, Amirthalingam G.
J Med Microbiol.2018 Oct;67:1426-1456. doi: 10.1099/jmm.0.000829.
Maternal pertussis vaccination has been introduced in several countries to protect infants from birth until routine infant vaccination takes place. This review assesses existing evidence on the effectiveness and safety of immunization in pregnancy. The evidence demonstrates efficient transplacental transfer of maternal antibodies in infants whose mothers were vaccinated with Tdap or Tdap/IPV in pregnancy, with good evidence that this protects against disease in young infants. Safety studies covering more than 150 000 women vaccinated mostly in the late second or third trimesters are generally consistent and provide reassurance of no significant increased risk of recognized maternal conditions or of adverse events (including congenital anomalies) in infants born to vaccinated women. Read More
Maternal death in women with epilepsy: smaller scope studies.
Christensen J, Vestergaard C, Hammer Bech B.
Neurology. 2018 Sep 26. doi:10.1212/WNL.0000000000006426.
This was a matched case-control study of pregnant women in Denmark who were born in Denmark between 1962 and 1994, and who were alive on their 18th birthday. The authors defined maternal mortality as deaths in pregnancy and the first 42 days after termination of pregnancy. The authors identified 2,105,084 pregnancies, including 11,976 (0.57%) pregnancies in which the mother was diagnosed with epilepsy. Of the 176 maternal deaths in this cohort, 5 women had a diagnosis of epilepsy. The mortality associated with an epilepsy diagnosis was >5 times higher compared to the mortality in women without this diagnosis (odds ratio 5.57, 95% confidence interval 2.23-13.9, p < 0.001). Read More
Keep it in the family: comparing perinatal risks in small-for-gestational-age infants based on population vs within-sibling designs.
Cnattingius S, Kramer MS, Norman M, Ludvigsson JF, Fang F, Lu D.
Int J Epidemiol. 2018 Sep 19. doi: 10.1093/ije/dyy196.
The authors estimated perinatal risks of small-for-gestational-age (SGA) birth using both population-based and within-sibling analyses, where the latter by design controls for shared genetic factors and maternal environmental factors that are constant across pregnancies. The authors estimated associations between severe or moderate SGA (<3rd percentile and 3rd to <10th percentiles, respectively) and risks of stillbirth, neonatal mortality and morbidity, using both population-based and within-sibling analyses. Compared with non-SGA births (>10th percentile), the HR (95% CI) of stillbirth was 18.5 (95% CI 17.4-19.5) among severe SGA births in the population analysis and 22.5 (95% CI 18.7-27.1) in the within-sibling analysis. In non-malformed infants, RRs for neonatal mortality in moderate and severe SGA infants were similarly increased in both population and within-sibling analyses. Read More
Acetaminophen (paracetamol) exposure during pregnancy and pubertal development in boys and girls from a nationwide puberty cohort.
Ernst A, Brix N, Lauridsen LLB, Olsen J, Parner ET, Liew Z, Olsen LH, Ramlau-Hansen CH.
Am J Epidemiol.2018 Sep 7. doi: 10.1093/aje/kwy193.
This study explored the association between exposure to acetaminophen during pregnancy and pubertal development using data from the longitudinal Puberty Cohort. Use of acetaminophen was reported three times during pregnancy and six months postpartum. Between 2012 and 2017, sons and daughters provided information on a wide range of pubertal milestones, including Tanner stages, axillary hair growth and age at menarche or voice break and first ejaculation, every six months from 11 years of age until full sexual maturation. The results suggested a tendency towards slightly earlier attainment of almost all studied markers of female pubertal development with increasing number of weeks of exposure. Male pubertal development had no strong association with acetaminophen exposure. Read More
Maternal antihypertensive medication use and selected birth defects in the National Birth Defects Prevention Study.
Fisher SC, Van Zutphen AR, The authorsrler MM, Romitti PA, Cunniff C, Browne ML; National Birth Defects Prevention Study.
Birth Defects Res.2018 Sep 10. doi: 10.1002/bdr2.1372.
Using data from the National Birth Defects Prevention Study, the authors examined associations between specific antihypertensive medication classes and 28 noncardiac birth defects. The authors compared risk among women reporting early pregnancy antihypertensive medication use to normotensive women. Compared to normotensive women, early pregnancy antihypertensive medication use was associated with increased risk of small intestinal atresia (adjusted OR 2.4, 95% CI 1.2-4.7) and anencephaly (adjusted OR 1.9, 95% CI 1.0-3.5). Risk of these defects was not specific to any particular medication class. Read More
Course of major depressive disorder after pregnancy and the postpartum period.
Freeman MP, Claypoole LD, Burt VK, Sosinsky AZ, Moustafa D, Noe OB, Cheng LJ, Cohen LS.
Depress Anxiety. 2018 Sep 7. doi: 10.1002/da.22836.
This aim of the study was to follow the course of MDD in women with prior histories of depression followed during an index pregnancy. Out of 129 eligible women, 48.8% participated (N = 63) with an average/mean time of 12.9 years (SD = 1.9, 8.8-16.7) elapsed since participation in the prior pregnancy studies. Although approximately one third reported sustained remission from MDD since the pregnancy during which they had been originally followed, of the remaining two thirds of women who reported subsequent depressive episodes, almost one fifth (∼12% of the total sample) endorsed depression more than 50% of the time following their index pregnancy. Read More
Uptake and safety of Hepatitis B vaccination during pregnancy: a Vaccine Safety Datalink study.
Groom HC, Irving SA, Koppolu P, Smith N, Vazquez-Benitez G, Kharbanda EO, Daley MF, Donahue JG, Getahun D, Jackson LA, Tse Kawai A, Klein NP, McCarthy NL, Nordin JD, Sukumaran L, Naleway AL.
Vaccine. 2018 Oct 1;36(41):6111-6116. doi: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2018.08.074.
Limited data are available on the safety of HepB administration during pregnancy. The authors examined a retrospective cohort of pregnancies in the Vaccine Safety Datalink (VSD). The authors compared pregnancies with HepB exposure to those with other vaccine exposures, and to those with no vaccine exposures. Among over 650,000 pregnancies in the study period, HepB was administered at a rate of 2.1 per 1000 pregnancies (n = 1399). There were no significant associations between HepB exposure during pregnancy and gestational hypertension, gestational diabetes, pre-eclampsia/eclampsia, cesarean delivery, pre-term delivery, low birthweight or small for gestational age infants. Read More
A randomized controlled trial of the safety and immunogenicity of tetanus, diphtheria, and acellular pertussis vaccine immunization during pregnancy and subsequent infant immune response.
Halperin SA, Langley JM, Ye L, MacKinnon-Cameron D, Elsherif M, Allen VM, Smith B, Halperin BA, McNeil SA, Vanderkooi OG, Dwinnell S, Wilson RD, Tapiero B, Boucher M, Le Saux N, Gruslin A, Vaudry W, Chandra S, Dobson S, Money D.
Clin Infect Dis. 2018 Sep 14;67:1063-1071. doi: 10.1093/cid/ciy244.
In a randomized, controlled, observer-blind, multicenter clinical trial, we measured the safety and immunogenicity of Tdap during pregnancy and the effect on the infant's immune response to primary vaccination at 2, 4, and 6 months and booster vaccination at 12 months of age. Rates of adverse events were similar in both groups. Infants of Tdap recipients had cord blood levels that were 21% higher than maternal levels for pertussis toxoid (PT), 13% higher for filamentous hemagglutinin (FHA), 4% higher for pertactin (PRN), and 7% higher for fimbriae (FIM). These infants had significantly higher PT antibody levels at birth and at 2 months and significantly higher FHA, PRN, and FIM antibodies at birth and 2 and 4 months, but significantly lower PT and FHA antibody levels at 6 and 7 months and significantly lower PRN and FIM antibody levels at 7 months than infants whose mothers received Td. Read More
Maternal use of hormonal contraception and risk of childhood leukaemia: a nationwide, population-based cohort study.
Hargreave M, Mørch LS, Andersen KK, Winther JF, Schmiegelow K, Kjaer SK.
Lancet Oncol.2018 Oct;19:1307-1314. doi: 10.1016/S1470-2045(18)30479-0.
The aim of this study was to assess the association between maternal use of hormonal contraception and diagnosis of leukaemia in their children. Children born to women with recent use of any type of hormonal contraception were at higher risk for any leukaemia than children of women who never used contraception (HR 1·46, 95% CI 1·09-1·96; p=0·011); and for exposure during pregnancy the risk was 1·78 (0·95-3·31; p=0·070). No association was found between timing of use and risk for lymphoid leukaemia (HR 1·23, 95% CI 0·97-1·57, p=0·089, for previous use and 1·27, 0·90-1·80, p=0·167, for recent use); however, the HRs for non-lymphoid leukaemia were 2·17 (1·22-3·87; p=0·008) for recent use and 3·87 (1·48-10·15; p=0·006) for use during pregnancy. Read More
HIV viremia during pregnancy and neurodevelopment of HIV-exposed uninfected children in the context of universal antiretroviral therapy and breastfeeding: a prospective study.
le Roux SM, Donald KA, Kroon M, Phillips TK, Lesosky M, Esterhuyse L, Zerbe A, Brittain K, Abrams EJ, Myer L.
Pediatr Infect Dis J.2018 Sep 18. doi: 10.1097/INF.0000000000002193.
Elevated HIV viral load (HIV-VL) in pregnancy has been linked to increased risk of mortality, immunological abnormalities, infectious morbidity and restricted growth among HIV-exposed uninfected (HEU) children, but little is known about effects on child development. Among 214 infants (median age 13 months; 53% male; 13% born <37 weeks' gestation), viraemia predicted lower motor and expressive language, but not cognitive, scores in crude and adjusted analysis [per log10 viraemia copy-years (VCY) increase, aβ (95%CI): motor, -2.94 (-5.77; -0.11); language, -3.71 (-6.73; -0.69) and cognitive-2.19 (-5.02; 0.65)]. Increasing VCY also predicted higher relative odds of motor delay [adjusted odds ratio, aOR 3.32 (95% CI 1.36; 8.14)] and expressive language delay [aOR 2.79 (95% CI 1.57; 4.94), but not cognitive delay [aOR 1.68 (0.84; 3.34)]. Read More
Estimating the birth prevalence and pregnancy outcomes of congenital malformations worldwide.
Moorthie S, Blencowe H, Darlison MW, Lawn J, Morris JK, Modell B; Congenital Disorders Expert Group, Bittles AH, Blencowe H, Christianson A, Cousens S, Darlison MW, Gibbons S, Hamamy H, Khoshnood B, Howson CP, Lawn J, Mastroiacovo P, Modell B, Moorthie S, Morris JK, Mossey PA, Neville AJ, Petrou M, Povey S, Rankin J, Schuler-Faccini L, Wren C, Yunnis KA.
J Community Genet. 2018 Sep 14. doi: 10.1007/s12687-018-0384-2.
Congenital anomaly registries have two main surveillance aims: firstly to define baseline epidemiology of important congenital anomalies to facilitate programme, policy and resource planning, and secondly to identify clusters of cases and any other epidemiological changes that could give early warning of environmental or infectious hazards. However, setting up a sustainable registry and surveillance system is resource-intensive requiring national infrastructure for recording all cases and diagnostic facilities to identify those malformations that that are not externally visible. The authors describe how registry data from high-income settings can be used for generating reference rates that can be used as provisional estimates for countries with little or no observational data on non-syndromic congenital malformations. Read More
Methods for the assessment of selection bias in drug safety during pregnancy studies using electronic medical data.
Schnitzer ME, Blais L.
Pharmacol Res Perspect.2018 Sep 21;6:e00426. doi: 10.1002/prp2.426.eCollection 2018 Oct.
Due to the ethical dilemma in carrying out experimental drug studies on pregnant women, the effects of medication usage during pregnancy on fetal and maternal outcomes are largely evaluated using electronic health data. One major limitation in this type of study is the delayed inclusion of pregnancies in the cohort. The purpose of this study was to demonstrate three methods that can be used to assess the extent of selection bias due to the delayed inclusion of pregnancies. The authors use causal directed acyclic graphs to explain the source of this selection bias. The authors find that this selection bias can be partially mitigated by controlling for variables related to (spontaneous or therapeutic) abortion and the outcome of interest. The three proposed methods allow for the pre and post hoc ascertainment of the bias. Read More
Predicting attention deficit hyperactivity disorder using pregnancy and birth characteristics.
Arch Gynecol Obstet. 2018 Nov;298:889-895. doi: 10.1007/s00404-018-4888-0.
Schwenke E, Fasching PA, Faschingbauer F, Pretscher J, Kehl S, Peretz R, Keller A, Häberle L, Eichler A, Irlbauer-Müller V, Dammer U, Beckmann MW, Schneider M.
The aim of this study was to evaluate maternal, prenatal, perinatal, and postpartum parameters as risk factors for the later development of an attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) in the child. A total of 573 mother and child pairs were analyzed. Forty-four of the mothers reported that their child had ADHD (7.7%). No significant associations were found for the following parameters: mother's age; mother's educational level; number of the pregnancy; maternal weight before and at the end of pregnancy; mother's height; alcohol consumption during pregnancy; mode of delivery; gestational week; birthweight; umbilical artery blood values; Apgar score at 5 and 10 min; or breastfeeding. The parameters of smoking in pregnancy and an Apgar score lower than 7 after 1 min were significantly associated with a risk for later development of ADHD. Read More
Low-molecular-weight heparin for the prevention and treatment of placenta-mediated pregnancy complications: The tides have shifted.
Skeith L.
Thromb Res.2018 Oct;170:207-208. doi: 10.1016/j.thromres.2018.09.045.
What is the role of low-molecular-weight heparin (LMWH) in the prevention and treatment of placenta-mediated pregnancy complications? Intrauterine growth restriction (IUGR), pre-eclampsia, placental abruption and late pregnancy loss are placenta-mediated complications associated with important morbidity and mortality. Based on the available high-quality evidence, there is currently no role for LMWH for the prevention of recurrent placenta-mediated pregnancy complications outside of a clinical trial. Recruitment and funding of clinical trials in pregnancy is challenging but are needed to guide practice. While many studies have a small sample size that limits definitive conclusions, international collaboration and pooling of patient data from well-conducted randomized trials has helped move this important field forward to improve patient care. Read More
Aim and design of pREGnant, the Dutch Pregnancy Drug Register.
Vorstenbosch S, Te Winkel B, van Gelder MMHJ, Kant A, Roeleveld N, van Puijenbroek E.
Drug Saf.2018 Sep 24. doi: 10.1007/s40264-018-0722-7.
The pREGnant, the Dutch Pregnancy Drug Register, was set up to obtain insight into medication use among pregnant and breastfeeding women and potential effects on maternal and fetal/infant health. The register has a prospective cohort design. Data collection started in April 2014 and enrollment of women is continuous and is characterized by a relative high proportion of women born in the Netherlands with a high education compared with the general Dutch pregnant population. Data on current pregnancy, obstetric history, maternal lifestyle, health and medication use, delivery, and infant health are collected through web-based questionnaires completed by the participating women (three times during pregnancy and three times during the infant's first year of life). Read More
Use of existing electronic health care databases to evaluate medication safety in pregnancy: triptan exposure in pregnancy as a case study.
Yusuf A, Chia V, Xue F, Mikol DD, Bollinger L, Cangialose C.
Pharmacoepidemiol Drug Saf.2018 Sep 21. doi: 10.1002/pds.4658.
The recent expansion of electronic health and medical record systems may present an opportunity to generate robust post-approval safety data and obviate the limitations of prospective pregnancy exposure registries. The authors examined and compared, over the same time frame, the outcomes of triptan exposure in pregnancy using a retrospective claims database and a previously completed pregnancy registry. The proportion of major birth defects among first-semester sumatriptan exposures was 4.0%, which is exactly the same as the proportion of major birth defects reported for first-semester sumatriptan exposures in the registry. There were very few non-livebirth outcomes in both the claims analyses and registry. Read More
Arendt LH, Henriksen TB, Lindhard MS, Parner ET, Olsen J, Ramlau-Hansen CH.
Epidemiology. 2018 Sep;29:739-748. doi: 10.1097/EDE.0000000000000878.
Although congenital abnormalities in the male reproductive tract are common, their causes remain poorly understood. The authors studied associations between hypertensive disorders of pregnancy and the genital anomalies, cryptorchidism and hypospadias. They found associations between pregestational hypertension and cryptorchidism (HR: 1.3; 95% CI = 1.1, 1.6) and hypospadias (HR: 1.7; 95% CI = 1.3, 2.3), whereas gestational hypertension was only associated with cryptorchidism (HR: 1.2; 95% CI = 1.1, 1.4). Boys of mothers with preeclampsia had the highest occurrence of cryptorchidism and hypospadias, increasing with preeclampsia severity. Further, the occurrence increased with early onset of preeclampsia diagnosis. Read More
Review of vaccination in pregnancy to prevent pertussis in early infancy.
Campbell H, Gupta S, Dolan GP, Kapadia SJ, Kumar Singh A, Andrews N, Amirthalingam G.
J Med Microbiol.2018 Oct;67:1426-1456. doi: 10.1099/jmm.0.000829.
Maternal pertussis vaccination has been introduced in several countries to protect infants from birth until routine infant vaccination takes place. This review assesses existing evidence on the effectiveness and safety of immunization in pregnancy. The evidence demonstrates efficient transplacental transfer of maternal antibodies in infants whose mothers were vaccinated with Tdap or Tdap/IPV in pregnancy, with good evidence that this protects against disease in young infants. Safety studies covering more than 150 000 women vaccinated mostly in the late second or third trimesters are generally consistent and provide reassurance of no significant increased risk of recognized maternal conditions or of adverse events (including congenital anomalies) in infants born to vaccinated women. Read More
Maternal death in women with epilepsy: smaller scope studies.
Christensen J, Vestergaard C, Hammer Bech B.
Neurology. 2018 Sep 26. doi:10.1212/WNL.0000000000006426.
This was a matched case-control study of pregnant women in Denmark who were born in Denmark between 1962 and 1994, and who were alive on their 18th birthday. The authors defined maternal mortality as deaths in pregnancy and the first 42 days after termination of pregnancy. The authors identified 2,105,084 pregnancies, including 11,976 (0.57%) pregnancies in which the mother was diagnosed with epilepsy. Of the 176 maternal deaths in this cohort, 5 women had a diagnosis of epilepsy. The mortality associated with an epilepsy diagnosis was >5 times higher compared to the mortality in women without this diagnosis (odds ratio 5.57, 95% confidence interval 2.23-13.9, p < 0.001). Read More
Keep it in the family: comparing perinatal risks in small-for-gestational-age infants based on population vs within-sibling designs.
Cnattingius S, Kramer MS, Norman M, Ludvigsson JF, Fang F, Lu D.
Int J Epidemiol. 2018 Sep 19. doi: 10.1093/ije/dyy196.
The authors estimated perinatal risks of small-for-gestational-age (SGA) birth using both population-based and within-sibling analyses, where the latter by design controls for shared genetic factors and maternal environmental factors that are constant across pregnancies. The authors estimated associations between severe or moderate SGA (<3rd percentile and 3rd to <10th percentiles, respectively) and risks of stillbirth, neonatal mortality and morbidity, using both population-based and within-sibling analyses. Compared with non-SGA births (>10th percentile), the HR (95% CI) of stillbirth was 18.5 (95% CI 17.4-19.5) among severe SGA births in the population analysis and 22.5 (95% CI 18.7-27.1) in the within-sibling analysis. In non-malformed infants, RRs for neonatal mortality in moderate and severe SGA infants were similarly increased in both population and within-sibling analyses. Read More
Acetaminophen (paracetamol) exposure during pregnancy and pubertal development in boys and girls from a nationwide puberty cohort.
Ernst A, Brix N, Lauridsen LLB, Olsen J, Parner ET, Liew Z, Olsen LH, Ramlau-Hansen CH.
Am J Epidemiol.2018 Sep 7. doi: 10.1093/aje/kwy193.
This study explored the association between exposure to acetaminophen during pregnancy and pubertal development using data from the longitudinal Puberty Cohort. Use of acetaminophen was reported three times during pregnancy and six months postpartum. Between 2012 and 2017, sons and daughters provided information on a wide range of pubertal milestones, including Tanner stages, axillary hair growth and age at menarche or voice break and first ejaculation, every six months from 11 years of age until full sexual maturation. The results suggested a tendency towards slightly earlier attainment of almost all studied markers of female pubertal development with increasing number of weeks of exposure. Male pubertal development had no strong association with acetaminophen exposure. Read More
Maternal antihypertensive medication use and selected birth defects in the National Birth Defects Prevention Study.
Fisher SC, Van Zutphen AR, The authorsrler MM, Romitti PA, Cunniff C, Browne ML; National Birth Defects Prevention Study.
Birth Defects Res.2018 Sep 10. doi: 10.1002/bdr2.1372.
Using data from the National Birth Defects Prevention Study, the authors examined associations between specific antihypertensive medication classes and 28 noncardiac birth defects. The authors compared risk among women reporting early pregnancy antihypertensive medication use to normotensive women. Compared to normotensive women, early pregnancy antihypertensive medication use was associated with increased risk of small intestinal atresia (adjusted OR 2.4, 95% CI 1.2-4.7) and anencephaly (adjusted OR 1.9, 95% CI 1.0-3.5). Risk of these defects was not specific to any particular medication class. Read More
Course of major depressive disorder after pregnancy and the postpartum period.
Freeman MP, Claypoole LD, Burt VK, Sosinsky AZ, Moustafa D, Noe OB, Cheng LJ, Cohen LS.
Depress Anxiety. 2018 Sep 7. doi: 10.1002/da.22836.
This aim of the study was to follow the course of MDD in women with prior histories of depression followed during an index pregnancy. Out of 129 eligible women, 48.8% participated (N = 63) with an average/mean time of 12.9 years (SD = 1.9, 8.8-16.7) elapsed since participation in the prior pregnancy studies. Although approximately one third reported sustained remission from MDD since the pregnancy during which they had been originally followed, of the remaining two thirds of women who reported subsequent depressive episodes, almost one fifth (∼12% of the total sample) endorsed depression more than 50% of the time following their index pregnancy. Read More
Uptake and safety of Hepatitis B vaccination during pregnancy: a Vaccine Safety Datalink study.
Groom HC, Irving SA, Koppolu P, Smith N, Vazquez-Benitez G, Kharbanda EO, Daley MF, Donahue JG, Getahun D, Jackson LA, Tse Kawai A, Klein NP, McCarthy NL, Nordin JD, Sukumaran L, Naleway AL.
Vaccine. 2018 Oct 1;36(41):6111-6116. doi: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2018.08.074.
Limited data are available on the safety of HepB administration during pregnancy. The authors examined a retrospective cohort of pregnancies in the Vaccine Safety Datalink (VSD). The authors compared pregnancies with HepB exposure to those with other vaccine exposures, and to those with no vaccine exposures. Among over 650,000 pregnancies in the study period, HepB was administered at a rate of 2.1 per 1000 pregnancies (n = 1399). There were no significant associations between HepB exposure during pregnancy and gestational hypertension, gestational diabetes, pre-eclampsia/eclampsia, cesarean delivery, pre-term delivery, low birthweight or small for gestational age infants. Read More
A randomized controlled trial of the safety and immunogenicity of tetanus, diphtheria, and acellular pertussis vaccine immunization during pregnancy and subsequent infant immune response.
Halperin SA, Langley JM, Ye L, MacKinnon-Cameron D, Elsherif M, Allen VM, Smith B, Halperin BA, McNeil SA, Vanderkooi OG, Dwinnell S, Wilson RD, Tapiero B, Boucher M, Le Saux N, Gruslin A, Vaudry W, Chandra S, Dobson S, Money D.
Clin Infect Dis. 2018 Sep 14;67:1063-1071. doi: 10.1093/cid/ciy244.
In a randomized, controlled, observer-blind, multicenter clinical trial, we measured the safety and immunogenicity of Tdap during pregnancy and the effect on the infant's immune response to primary vaccination at 2, 4, and 6 months and booster vaccination at 12 months of age. Rates of adverse events were similar in both groups. Infants of Tdap recipients had cord blood levels that were 21% higher than maternal levels for pertussis toxoid (PT), 13% higher for filamentous hemagglutinin (FHA), 4% higher for pertactin (PRN), and 7% higher for fimbriae (FIM). These infants had significantly higher PT antibody levels at birth and at 2 months and significantly higher FHA, PRN, and FIM antibodies at birth and 2 and 4 months, but significantly lower PT and FHA antibody levels at 6 and 7 months and significantly lower PRN and FIM antibody levels at 7 months than infants whose mothers received Td. Read More
Maternal use of hormonal contraception and risk of childhood leukaemia: a nationwide, population-based cohort study.
Hargreave M, Mørch LS, Andersen KK, Winther JF, Schmiegelow K, Kjaer SK.
Lancet Oncol.2018 Oct;19:1307-1314. doi: 10.1016/S1470-2045(18)30479-0.
The aim of this study was to assess the association between maternal use of hormonal contraception and diagnosis of leukaemia in their children. Children born to women with recent use of any type of hormonal contraception were at higher risk for any leukaemia than children of women who never used contraception (HR 1·46, 95% CI 1·09-1·96; p=0·011); and for exposure during pregnancy the risk was 1·78 (0·95-3·31; p=0·070). No association was found between timing of use and risk for lymphoid leukaemia (HR 1·23, 95% CI 0·97-1·57, p=0·089, for previous use and 1·27, 0·90-1·80, p=0·167, for recent use); however, the HRs for non-lymphoid leukaemia were 2·17 (1·22-3·87; p=0·008) for recent use and 3·87 (1·48-10·15; p=0·006) for use during pregnancy. Read More
HIV viremia during pregnancy and neurodevelopment of HIV-exposed uninfected children in the context of universal antiretroviral therapy and breastfeeding: a prospective study.
le Roux SM, Donald KA, Kroon M, Phillips TK, Lesosky M, Esterhuyse L, Zerbe A, Brittain K, Abrams EJ, Myer L.
Pediatr Infect Dis J.2018 Sep 18. doi: 10.1097/INF.0000000000002193.
Elevated HIV viral load (HIV-VL) in pregnancy has been linked to increased risk of mortality, immunological abnormalities, infectious morbidity and restricted growth among HIV-exposed uninfected (HEU) children, but little is known about effects on child development. Among 214 infants (median age 13 months; 53% male; 13% born <37 weeks' gestation), viraemia predicted lower motor and expressive language, but not cognitive, scores in crude and adjusted analysis [per log10 viraemia copy-years (VCY) increase, aβ (95%CI): motor, -2.94 (-5.77; -0.11); language, -3.71 (-6.73; -0.69) and cognitive-2.19 (-5.02; 0.65)]. Increasing VCY also predicted higher relative odds of motor delay [adjusted odds ratio, aOR 3.32 (95% CI 1.36; 8.14)] and expressive language delay [aOR 2.79 (95% CI 1.57; 4.94), but not cognitive delay [aOR 1.68 (0.84; 3.34)]. Read More
Estimating the birth prevalence and pregnancy outcomes of congenital malformations worldwide.
Moorthie S, Blencowe H, Darlison MW, Lawn J, Morris JK, Modell B; Congenital Disorders Expert Group, Bittles AH, Blencowe H, Christianson A, Cousens S, Darlison MW, Gibbons S, Hamamy H, Khoshnood B, Howson CP, Lawn J, Mastroiacovo P, Modell B, Moorthie S, Morris JK, Mossey PA, Neville AJ, Petrou M, Povey S, Rankin J, Schuler-Faccini L, Wren C, Yunnis KA.
J Community Genet. 2018 Sep 14. doi: 10.1007/s12687-018-0384-2.
Congenital anomaly registries have two main surveillance aims: firstly to define baseline epidemiology of important congenital anomalies to facilitate programme, policy and resource planning, and secondly to identify clusters of cases and any other epidemiological changes that could give early warning of environmental or infectious hazards. However, setting up a sustainable registry and surveillance system is resource-intensive requiring national infrastructure for recording all cases and diagnostic facilities to identify those malformations that that are not externally visible. The authors describe how registry data from high-income settings can be used for generating reference rates that can be used as provisional estimates for countries with little or no observational data on non-syndromic congenital malformations. Read More
Methods for the assessment of selection bias in drug safety during pregnancy studies using electronic medical data.
Schnitzer ME, Blais L.
Pharmacol Res Perspect.2018 Sep 21;6:e00426. doi: 10.1002/prp2.426.eCollection 2018 Oct.
Due to the ethical dilemma in carrying out experimental drug studies on pregnant women, the effects of medication usage during pregnancy on fetal and maternal outcomes are largely evaluated using electronic health data. One major limitation in this type of study is the delayed inclusion of pregnancies in the cohort. The purpose of this study was to demonstrate three methods that can be used to assess the extent of selection bias due to the delayed inclusion of pregnancies. The authors use causal directed acyclic graphs to explain the source of this selection bias. The authors find that this selection bias can be partially mitigated by controlling for variables related to (spontaneous or therapeutic) abortion and the outcome of interest. The three proposed methods allow for the pre and post hoc ascertainment of the bias. Read More
Predicting attention deficit hyperactivity disorder using pregnancy and birth characteristics.
Arch Gynecol Obstet. 2018 Nov;298:889-895. doi: 10.1007/s00404-018-4888-0.
Schwenke E, Fasching PA, Faschingbauer F, Pretscher J, Kehl S, Peretz R, Keller A, Häberle L, Eichler A, Irlbauer-Müller V, Dammer U, Beckmann MW, Schneider M.
The aim of this study was to evaluate maternal, prenatal, perinatal, and postpartum parameters as risk factors for the later development of an attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) in the child. A total of 573 mother and child pairs were analyzed. Forty-four of the mothers reported that their child had ADHD (7.7%). No significant associations were found for the following parameters: mother's age; mother's educational level; number of the pregnancy; maternal weight before and at the end of pregnancy; mother's height; alcohol consumption during pregnancy; mode of delivery; gestational week; birthweight; umbilical artery blood values; Apgar score at 5 and 10 min; or breastfeeding. The parameters of smoking in pregnancy and an Apgar score lower than 7 after 1 min were significantly associated with a risk for later development of ADHD. Read More
Low-molecular-weight heparin for the prevention and treatment of placenta-mediated pregnancy complications: The tides have shifted.
Skeith L.
Thromb Res.2018 Oct;170:207-208. doi: 10.1016/j.thromres.2018.09.045.
What is the role of low-molecular-weight heparin (LMWH) in the prevention and treatment of placenta-mediated pregnancy complications? Intrauterine growth restriction (IUGR), pre-eclampsia, placental abruption and late pregnancy loss are placenta-mediated complications associated with important morbidity and mortality. Based on the available high-quality evidence, there is currently no role for LMWH for the prevention of recurrent placenta-mediated pregnancy complications outside of a clinical trial. Recruitment and funding of clinical trials in pregnancy is challenging but are needed to guide practice. While many studies have a small sample size that limits definitive conclusions, international collaboration and pooling of patient data from well-conducted randomized trials has helped move this important field forward to improve patient care. Read More
Aim and design of pREGnant, the Dutch Pregnancy Drug Register.
Vorstenbosch S, Te Winkel B, van Gelder MMHJ, Kant A, Roeleveld N, van Puijenbroek E.
Drug Saf.2018 Sep 24. doi: 10.1007/s40264-018-0722-7.
The pREGnant, the Dutch Pregnancy Drug Register, was set up to obtain insight into medication use among pregnant and breastfeeding women and potential effects on maternal and fetal/infant health. The register has a prospective cohort design. Data collection started in April 2014 and enrollment of women is continuous and is characterized by a relative high proportion of women born in the Netherlands with a high education compared with the general Dutch pregnant population. Data on current pregnancy, obstetric history, maternal lifestyle, health and medication use, delivery, and infant health are collected through web-based questionnaires completed by the participating women (three times during pregnancy and three times during the infant's first year of life). Read More
Use of existing electronic health care databases to evaluate medication safety in pregnancy: triptan exposure in pregnancy as a case study.
Yusuf A, Chia V, Xue F, Mikol DD, Bollinger L, Cangialose C.
Pharmacoepidemiol Drug Saf.2018 Sep 21. doi: 10.1002/pds.4658.
The recent expansion of electronic health and medical record systems may present an opportunity to generate robust post-approval safety data and obviate the limitations of prospective pregnancy exposure registries. The authors examined and compared, over the same time frame, the outcomes of triptan exposure in pregnancy using a retrospective claims database and a previously completed pregnancy registry. The proportion of major birth defects among first-semester sumatriptan exposures was 4.0%, which is exactly the same as the proportion of major birth defects reported for first-semester sumatriptan exposures in the registry. There were very few non-livebirth outcomes in both the claims analyses and registry. Read More
Pediatrics
Prescription medication use among children and adolescents in the United States.
Qato DM, Alexander GC, Guadamuz JS, Lindau ST
Pediatrics. 2018 Sep;142(3). pii: e20181042. doi: 10.1542/peds.2018-1042.
The authors estimate the prevalence of prescription medication use, concurrent use (use of ≥2 prescription medications), and potential major drug-drug interactions (DDIs) in US children and adolescents (age <19 years) using data from NHANES. During 2013-2014, 19.8% of children and adolescents used at least 1 prescription medication. Concurrent use of prescription medications was 7.5% overall and was highest among boys 6 to 12 years old (12%). 8.2% of concurrent users of prescription medications were at risk for a potentially major DDI, with a vast majority of DDI regimens involving antidepressants. Read More
Labeling changes and costs for clinical trials performed under the US Food and Drug Administration pediatric exclusivity extension, 2007 to 2012.
Sinha MS, Najafzadeh M, Rajasingh EK, Love J, Kesselheim AS
JAMA Intern Med. 2018 Sep 24. doi: 10.1001/jamainternmed.2018.3933. [Epub ahead of print]
The objective of this study was to review updates to drug labeling and the cost to consumers of extending market exclusivity related to the pediatric exclusivity program. Label changes were evaluated for 54 drugs that earned pediatric exclusivity incentive between 2007-2012. One hundred forty one trials were identified, which led to 29 extended indications, 3 new indications, and new safety information for 16 drugs. Median cost of investment for trials was $36.4 million (IQR, $16.6 to $100.6 million). Median net return was $176.0 million (IQR, $47.0 million to $404.1 million), with a median ratio of net return to cost of investment of 680% (IQR, 80% to 1270%). The costs to consumers have been high, exceeding the estimated costs of investment for conducting the trials. Read More
Glucocorticoids and the risk of schizophrenia spectrum disorder in childhood and adolescence - a Danish nationwide study.
C Broberg BV, Sommer IE, Benros ME, Glenthøj BY, Gasse C, Köhler-Forsberg O
Schizophr Res. 2018 Sep;199: doi: 10.1016/j.schres.2018.03.007
The authors conducted the first large-scale longitudinal study examining the association between glucocorticoid treatment and development of psychosis using data on all children and adolescents born in Denmark 1995-2003 (n=597,257). Cox regression was used to estimate hazard rate ratios (HRR). The risk for a subsequent diagnosis of early-onset schizophrenia spectrum disorder (N=1141) was increased after exposure to both non-systemic (HRR=1.47; 95%-CI=1.25-1.73; N=371) and systemic glucocorticoids (HRR=1.66; 95%-CI=1.13-2.43; N=34), when compared to non-exposed individuals, with similar findings when using an active comparator group. However, in individuals with asthma, exposure to glucocorticoids did not further increase the risk of psychosis. Read More
Detecting the diverted use of psychoactive drugs by adolescents and young adults: a pilot study.
Jouanjus E, Falcou A, Deheul S, Roussin A, Lapeyre-Mestre M
Pharmacoepidemiol Drug Saf. 2018 Sep 25. doi: 10.1002/pds.4624.
This study implemented this pilot study before a national investigation to identify requests for suspected recreational use of psychoactive drugs made by young subjects to community pharmacies. Between December 12, 2016 to January 23, 2017, 38 French community pharmacies were asked to complete questionnaire for each suspect request formulated by subjects <26 years old, from which 19 pharmacies participated. Forty-one requests mentioning 51 drugs were reported, mostly concerning males (85%). The most frequent age class was that comprised between 18 and 20 years old. Codeine and promethazine, the main components of the popular cocktail Purple drank, were the most requested. Read More
A longitudinal healthcare use profile of children with a history of neonatal abstinence syndrome.
Liu G, Kong L, Leslie DL, Corr TE
J Pediatr. 2018 Sep 27. pii: S0022-3476(18)31157-0. doi: 10.1016/j.jpeds.2018.08.032.
The objective of this study was to describe healthcare use over time of children with a history of neonatal abstinence syndrome (NAS) compared with children without NAS. Children in the MarketScan databases (2005-2014) were followed until 8 years or disenrollment (mean: 35 months). Children with NAS had a significantly greater number of claims per year from age 1 to 8 for inpatient hospitalizations (adjusted mean ratio 3.20; 95% CI 1.74-5.90), outpatient encounters (1.23; 1.08-1.41), and emergency department visits (1.46; 1.25-1.70) adjustment for confounders. Adjusted mean annualized costs were nearly double for all healthcare services in children with NAS (1.86; 1.34-2.60) and >4 times as high as for inpatient hospitalizations (4.34; 2.03-9.30) compared with children without NAS. Read More
The association between early life antibiotic use and allergic disease in young children: recent insights and their implications.
Obiakor CV, Tun HM, Bridgman SL, Arrieta MC, Kozyrskyj AL
Expert Rev Clin Immunol. 2018 Oct;14(10):841-855. doi: 10.1080/1744666X.2018.1521271.
Authors conducted a meta-analysis of prospective or databases cohorts that examined the link between infant antibiotic treatment and the development of atopy. To date, the stronger associations seen with multiple course and broad-spectrum antibiotic treatment add to biological plausibility, but large-scale profiling of the gut microbiome now provides a new tool for disentangling potential biases found in these observational studies. Continued study of the infant gut microbiome, mycobiome, or resistome will provide a closer link to antibiotic treatment or refute it as a cause of allergic disease. Read More
Choice of time period to identify confounders for propensity score matching, affected the estimate: a retrospective cohort study of drug effectiveness in asthmatic children.
Osokogu OU, Khan J, Nakato S, Weibel D, de Ridder M, Sturkenboom MCJM, Verhamme K
J Clin Epidemiol. 2018 Sep;101:107-115.e3. doi: 10.1016/j.jclinepi.2018.01.008
This study compared the effect of using different look-back periods in electronic health-care data to construct propensity scores (PSs), with an application in the effect of a combination of inhaled corticosteroids/long-acting beta-2 agonists (ICS + LABA) in the prevention of severe asthma exacerbations. Authors identified new users of ICS + LABA, either as fixed combination or loose combination, in a cohort of children (5-17 years) diagnosed with asthma from the Dutch Integrated Primary Care information database. PSs were estimated using different time windows: 1 week, 1 month, 3 months, 1 year, and full history prior to the start of treatment. PS matching was used control for confounding. Controlling for confounders occurring in the 3 months preceding drug exposure resulted in the largest adjustment of the crude HR and yielded results comparable to clinical trial results. Read More
Comparative effectiveness of surgical treatments for pediatric hydrocephalus.
Pan IW, Harris DA, Luerssen TG, Lam SK
Neurosurgery. 2018 Sep 1;83(3):480-487. doi: 10.1093/neuros/nyx440.
This study performed a comparative effectiveness analysis for endoscopic third ventriculostomy (ETV) and cerebrospinal fluid shunt placement in pediatric hydrocephalus patients (age <19 years) in the US using the MarketScan database (2003-2011) through the application of propensity scores matching. Among discordant pairs, ETV patients were more likely to experience surgery failure compared to patients receiving shunt (relative risk = 1.4, P value = .011). Furthermore, patients' age < 1 year had lower ETV success rates than those with shunt (P value = .009). Read More
Qato DM, Alexander GC, Guadamuz JS, Lindau ST
Pediatrics. 2018 Sep;142(3). pii: e20181042. doi: 10.1542/peds.2018-1042.
The authors estimate the prevalence of prescription medication use, concurrent use (use of ≥2 prescription medications), and potential major drug-drug interactions (DDIs) in US children and adolescents (age <19 years) using data from NHANES. During 2013-2014, 19.8% of children and adolescents used at least 1 prescription medication. Concurrent use of prescription medications was 7.5% overall and was highest among boys 6 to 12 years old (12%). 8.2% of concurrent users of prescription medications were at risk for a potentially major DDI, with a vast majority of DDI regimens involving antidepressants. Read More
Labeling changes and costs for clinical trials performed under the US Food and Drug Administration pediatric exclusivity extension, 2007 to 2012.
Sinha MS, Najafzadeh M, Rajasingh EK, Love J, Kesselheim AS
JAMA Intern Med. 2018 Sep 24. doi: 10.1001/jamainternmed.2018.3933. [Epub ahead of print]
The objective of this study was to review updates to drug labeling and the cost to consumers of extending market exclusivity related to the pediatric exclusivity program. Label changes were evaluated for 54 drugs that earned pediatric exclusivity incentive between 2007-2012. One hundred forty one trials were identified, which led to 29 extended indications, 3 new indications, and new safety information for 16 drugs. Median cost of investment for trials was $36.4 million (IQR, $16.6 to $100.6 million). Median net return was $176.0 million (IQR, $47.0 million to $404.1 million), with a median ratio of net return to cost of investment of 680% (IQR, 80% to 1270%). The costs to consumers have been high, exceeding the estimated costs of investment for conducting the trials. Read More
Glucocorticoids and the risk of schizophrenia spectrum disorder in childhood and adolescence - a Danish nationwide study.
C Broberg BV, Sommer IE, Benros ME, Glenthøj BY, Gasse C, Köhler-Forsberg O
Schizophr Res. 2018 Sep;199: doi: 10.1016/j.schres.2018.03.007
The authors conducted the first large-scale longitudinal study examining the association between glucocorticoid treatment and development of psychosis using data on all children and adolescents born in Denmark 1995-2003 (n=597,257). Cox regression was used to estimate hazard rate ratios (HRR). The risk for a subsequent diagnosis of early-onset schizophrenia spectrum disorder (N=1141) was increased after exposure to both non-systemic (HRR=1.47; 95%-CI=1.25-1.73; N=371) and systemic glucocorticoids (HRR=1.66; 95%-CI=1.13-2.43; N=34), when compared to non-exposed individuals, with similar findings when using an active comparator group. However, in individuals with asthma, exposure to glucocorticoids did not further increase the risk of psychosis. Read More
Detecting the diverted use of psychoactive drugs by adolescents and young adults: a pilot study.
Jouanjus E, Falcou A, Deheul S, Roussin A, Lapeyre-Mestre M
Pharmacoepidemiol Drug Saf. 2018 Sep 25. doi: 10.1002/pds.4624.
This study implemented this pilot study before a national investigation to identify requests for suspected recreational use of psychoactive drugs made by young subjects to community pharmacies. Between December 12, 2016 to January 23, 2017, 38 French community pharmacies were asked to complete questionnaire for each suspect request formulated by subjects <26 years old, from which 19 pharmacies participated. Forty-one requests mentioning 51 drugs were reported, mostly concerning males (85%). The most frequent age class was that comprised between 18 and 20 years old. Codeine and promethazine, the main components of the popular cocktail Purple drank, were the most requested. Read More
A longitudinal healthcare use profile of children with a history of neonatal abstinence syndrome.
Liu G, Kong L, Leslie DL, Corr TE
J Pediatr. 2018 Sep 27. pii: S0022-3476(18)31157-0. doi: 10.1016/j.jpeds.2018.08.032.
The objective of this study was to describe healthcare use over time of children with a history of neonatal abstinence syndrome (NAS) compared with children without NAS. Children in the MarketScan databases (2005-2014) were followed until 8 years or disenrollment (mean: 35 months). Children with NAS had a significantly greater number of claims per year from age 1 to 8 for inpatient hospitalizations (adjusted mean ratio 3.20; 95% CI 1.74-5.90), outpatient encounters (1.23; 1.08-1.41), and emergency department visits (1.46; 1.25-1.70) adjustment for confounders. Adjusted mean annualized costs were nearly double for all healthcare services in children with NAS (1.86; 1.34-2.60) and >4 times as high as for inpatient hospitalizations (4.34; 2.03-9.30) compared with children without NAS. Read More
The association between early life antibiotic use and allergic disease in young children: recent insights and their implications.
Obiakor CV, Tun HM, Bridgman SL, Arrieta MC, Kozyrskyj AL
Expert Rev Clin Immunol. 2018 Oct;14(10):841-855. doi: 10.1080/1744666X.2018.1521271.
Authors conducted a meta-analysis of prospective or databases cohorts that examined the link between infant antibiotic treatment and the development of atopy. To date, the stronger associations seen with multiple course and broad-spectrum antibiotic treatment add to biological plausibility, but large-scale profiling of the gut microbiome now provides a new tool for disentangling potential biases found in these observational studies. Continued study of the infant gut microbiome, mycobiome, or resistome will provide a closer link to antibiotic treatment or refute it as a cause of allergic disease. Read More
Choice of time period to identify confounders for propensity score matching, affected the estimate: a retrospective cohort study of drug effectiveness in asthmatic children.
Osokogu OU, Khan J, Nakato S, Weibel D, de Ridder M, Sturkenboom MCJM, Verhamme K
J Clin Epidemiol. 2018 Sep;101:107-115.e3. doi: 10.1016/j.jclinepi.2018.01.008
This study compared the effect of using different look-back periods in electronic health-care data to construct propensity scores (PSs), with an application in the effect of a combination of inhaled corticosteroids/long-acting beta-2 agonists (ICS + LABA) in the prevention of severe asthma exacerbations. Authors identified new users of ICS + LABA, either as fixed combination or loose combination, in a cohort of children (5-17 years) diagnosed with asthma from the Dutch Integrated Primary Care information database. PSs were estimated using different time windows: 1 week, 1 month, 3 months, 1 year, and full history prior to the start of treatment. PS matching was used control for confounding. Controlling for confounders occurring in the 3 months preceding drug exposure resulted in the largest adjustment of the crude HR and yielded results comparable to clinical trial results. Read More
Comparative effectiveness of surgical treatments for pediatric hydrocephalus.
Pan IW, Harris DA, Luerssen TG, Lam SK
Neurosurgery. 2018 Sep 1;83(3):480-487. doi: 10.1093/neuros/nyx440.
This study performed a comparative effectiveness analysis for endoscopic third ventriculostomy (ETV) and cerebrospinal fluid shunt placement in pediatric hydrocephalus patients (age <19 years) in the US using the MarketScan database (2003-2011) through the application of propensity scores matching. Among discordant pairs, ETV patients were more likely to experience surgery failure compared to patients receiving shunt (relative risk = 1.4, P value = .011). Furthermore, patients' age < 1 year had lower ETV success rates than those with shunt (P value = .009). Read More
December 2018
Pregnancy
Short interpregnancy intervals and adverse perinatal outcomes in high-resource settings: an updated systematic review.
Ahrens KA, Nelson H, Stidd RL, Moskosky S, Hutcheon JA.
Paediatr Perinat Epidemiol. 2018 Oct 24. doi: 10.1111/ppe.12503.
This systematic review summarises association between short interpregnancy intervals and adverse perinatal health outcomes in high-resource settings to inform recommendations for healthy birth spacing for the United States. Nine good-quality and 18 fair-quality studies were identified. Interpregnancy intervals <6 months were associated with a clinically and statistically significant increased risk of adverse outcomes in studies of preterm birth (eg, aOR ≥ 1.20 in 10 of 14 studies); spontaneous preterm birth (eg, aOR ≥ 1.20 in one of two studies); small-for-gestational age (eg, aOR ≥ 1.20 in 5 of 11 studies); and infant mortality (eg, aOR ≥ 1.20 in four of four studies), while four studies of perinatal death showed no association. Additional research controlling for confounding would further inform recommendations for healthy birth spacing for the United States. Read More
Association of short interpregnancy interval with pregnancy outcomes according to maternal age.
Schummers L, Hutcheon JA, Hernandez-Diaz S, Williams PL, Hacker MR, VanderWeele TJ, Norman WV.
JAMA Intern Med. 2018 Oct 29. doi: 10.1001/jamainternmed.2018.4696.
The objective of this study was to evaluate whether the association between short interpregnancy (delivery to conception) interval and adverse pregnancy outcomes is modified by maternal age. Among 148 544 pregnancies, maternal mortality or severe morbidity risks were increased at 6-month compared with 18-month interpregnancy intervals for women aged 35 years or older (0.62% at 6 months vs 0.26% at 18 months; aRR, 2.39; 95% CI, 2.03-2.80), but not for women aged 20 to 34 years (0.23% at 6 months vs 0.25% at 18 months; aRR, 0.92; 95% CI, 0.83-1.02). Increased adverse fetal and infant outcome risks were more pronounced for women aged 20 to 34 years (2.0% at 6 months vs 1.4% at 18 months; aRR, 1.42; 95% CI, 1.36-1.47) than women 35 years or older (2.1% at 6 months vs 1.8% at 18 months; aRR, 1.15; 95% CI, 1.01-1.31). Risks of spontaneous preterm delivery at 6-month interpregnancy intervals were increased for women 20 to 34 years old (5.3% at 6 months vs 3.2% at 18 months; aRR, 1.65; 95% CI, 1.62-1.68) and to a lesser extent for women 35 years or older (5.0% at 6 months vs 3.6% at 18 months; aRR, 1.40; 95% CI, 1.31-1.49). Read More
β-Blocker use in pregnancy and the risk for congenital malformations: an international cohort study.
Bateman BT, Heide-Jørgensen U, Einarsdóttir K, Engeland A, Furu K, Gissler M, Hernandez-Diaz S, Kieler H, Lahesmaa-Korpinen AM, Mogun H, Nørgaard M, Reutfors J, Selmer R, Huybrechts KF, Zoega H.
Ann Intern Med. 2018 Nov 20;169:665-673. doi: 10.7326/M18-0338.
β-Blockers are a class of antihypertensive medications that are commonly used in pregnancy. The authors aimed to estimate the risks for major congenital malformations associated with first-trimester exposure to β-blockers. Of 3577 women with hypertensive pregnancies in the Nordic cohort and 14 900 in the U.S. cohort, 682 (19.1%) and 1668 (11.2%), respectively, were exposed to β-blockers in the first trimester. The pooled adjusted relative risk and risk difference per 1000 persons exposed associated with β-blockers were 1.07 (95% CI, 0.89 to 1.30) and 3.0 (CI, -6.6 to 12.6), respectively, for any major malformation; 1.12 (CI, 0.83 to 1.51) and 2.1 (CI, -4.3 to 8.4) for any cardiac malformation; and 1.97 (CI, 0.74 to 5.25) and 1.0 (CI, -0.9 to 3.0) for cleft lip or palate. The results suggest that maternal use of β-blockers in the first trimester is not associated with a large increase in the risk for overall malformations or cardiac malformations, independent of measured confounders. Read More
Association of prenatal phthalate exposure with language development in early childhood.
Bornehag CG, Lindh C, Reichenberg A, Wikström S, Unenge Hallerback M, Evans SF, Sathyanarayana S, Barrett ES, Nguyen RHN, Bush NR, Swan SH.
JAMA Pediatr. 2018 Oct 29. doi: 10.1001/jamapediatrics.2018.3115.
The authors aimed to examine the association of prenatal phthalate exposure with language development in children. Data for this study were obtained from the Swedish Environmental Longitudinal Mother and Child, Asthma and Allergy (SELMA) study and The Infant Development and the Environment Study (TIDES). In adjusted analyses, a doubling of prenatal exposure of dibutyl phthalate and butyl benzyl phthalate metabolites increased the odds ratio (OR) for language delay by approximately 25% to 40%, with statistically significant results in the SELMA study (dibutyl phthalate OR, 1.29 [95% CI, 1.03-1.63; P = .03]; butyl benzyl phthalate OR, 1.26 [95% CI, 1.07-1.49; P = .003]). A doubling of prenatal monoethyl phthalate exposure was associated with an approximately 15% increase in the OR for language delay in the SELMA study (OR, 1.14; 95% CI, 1.00-1.31; P = .05), but no such association was found in TIDES (OR, 0.98; 95% CI, 0.79-1.23). Read More
Prenatal treatment and outcomes of women with opioid use disorder.
Brogly SB, Saia KE, Werler MM, Regan E, Hernández-Díaz S.
Obstet Gynecol. 2018 Oct;132:916-922. doi: 10.1097/AOG.0000000000002881.
The authors aimed to describe the characteristics, treatment, and outcomes of pregnant women with opioid use disorder. Out of 113 women enrolled, regular substance used included heroin (92.0%), injection heroin (83.2%), other opioids (69.0%), marijuana (73.5%), alcohol (56.6%), and cocaine (62.8%). Fifty-nine women (52.2%) were treated initially with prenatal buprenorphine and 54 (47.8%) with methadone; 49.6% also were taking concomitant psychotropic medications. Opioid use relapse did not differ by treatment (44.7% overall). Thirteen (22.5%) of 59 women treated with buprenorphine transitioned to methadone mainly because of positive opioid screens. The number of pregnancy losses was small (three therapeutic abortions, four miscarriages, one stillbirth), with an overall live birth rate of 90.8% (95% CI 82.7-95.9). Read More
Identifying signals of potentially harmful medications in pregnancy: use of the double false discovery rate method to adjust for multiple testing.
Cavadino A, Prieto-Merino D, Morris JK.
Br J Clin Pharmacol. 2018 Oct 23. doi: 10.1111/bcp.13799.
The authors aimed to use this information to improve the detection of potential teratogens in congenital anomalies (CA) surveillance data. Data on 15,058 malformed foetuses with first trimester medication exposures from 1995-2011 were available from EUROmediCAT. For each medication-CA combination, the proportion of the CA in foetuses with the medication was compared to the proportion of the CA in all other foetuses in the dataset. The Australian classification system was used to identify "high risk" medications in order to compare two methods of controlling the false discovery rate (FDR): a "single" FDR applied across all combinations, and a "double" FDR incorporating groupings of medications. An FDR cut-off of 50% resulted in a reasonable effective workload, for which single FDR gave rise to 8 medication signals (3 "high risk" medications) and double FDR 50% identified 16 signals (6 "high risk"). Read More
Pregnancy outcomes in women exposed to cancer chemotherapy.
Danet C, Araujo M, Bos-Thompson MA, Portolan G, Gautier S, Vanlemmens L, Bonenfant S, Jonville-Béra AP, Cottin J, Vial T, Bavoux F, Montastruc JL, Damase-Michel C, Benevent J, Bourgeois-Mondon I, Lacroix I.
Pharmacoepidemiol Drug Saf. 2018 Oct 31. doi: 10.1002/pds.4689.
The objective of this study was to describe pregnancy outcomes of women exposed to cancer chemotherapy, recorded in the French Terappel database. In total, 75 questions about "anti-cancer drugs and pregnancy" received were recorded in Terappel. Breast cancer accounted for 62.7% of the cases, followed by leukaemia (13.3%) and lymphoma (9.3%). Cyclophosphamide is the leading anti-cancer drug with 40.0% of exposed pregnant women, followed by 5-fluorouracil (34.7%), epirubicin (32.0%), tamoxifen (26.7%), and doxorubicin (16.0%). Among the 75 pregnancies, we observed 55 births with 57 children (73.3%), nine medical terminations of pregnancy (12.0%), six voluntary terminations of pregnancy (8.0%), three intrauterine foetal deaths (4.0%), and two miscarriages (2.7%). The authors found a malformation rate of 7.8%. Sixteen of 57 (28.1%) newborns developed one or more neonatal pathologies. Read More
Quality of maternal height and weight data from the revised birth certificate and pregnancy risk assessment monitoring system.
Deputy NP, Sharma AJ, Bombard JM, Lash TL, Schieve LA, Ramakrishnan U, Stein AD, Nyland-Funke M, Mullachery P, Lee E.
Epidemiology. 2018 Oct 1. doi: 10.1097/EDE.0000000000000936.
The 2003 revision of the US Standard Certificate of Live Birth (birth certificate) and Pregnancy Risk Assessment Monitoring System (PRAMS) are important for maternal weight research and surveillance. The authors examined quality of pre-pregnancy body mass index (BMI), gestational weight gain, and component variables from these sources. For most maternal weight variables, mean differences between the birth certificate or PRAMS compared to the medical record were less than 1 kg. Compared to the medical record, the birth certificate classified similar proportions into pre-pregnancy BMI categories (agreement=89%, κ=0.83); PRAMS slightly underestimated overweight and obesity (agreement=84%, κ=0.73). Read More
Intellectual disability and psychotic disorders in children: association with maternal severe mental illness and exposure to obstetric complications in a whole-population cohort.
Di Prinzio P; M.Biostat., Morgan VA; M.Soc.Sc., Björk J, Croft M, Lin A, Jablensky A, McNeil TF.
Am J Psychiatry. 2018 Oct 3:appiajp201817101153. doi: 10.1176/appi.ajp.2018.17101153.
The purpose of this study was to examine the independent and joint contributions of familial severe mental illness and obstetric complications to the risk of intellectual disability. For children of mothers with schizophrenia, the unadjusted odds ratio was 3.8 (95% CI=3.0, 4.9) and remained significant after simultaneous adjustment for exposure to obstetric complications and other covariates (odds ratio=1.7, 95% CI=1.3, 2.3). The odds ratio for exposure to obstetric complications also remained significant after adjustment (odds ratio=1.7, 95% CI=1.6, 1.8). For intellectual disability of a genetic basis, the adjusted odds ratio for maternal schizophrenia was elevated but not statistically significant. Read More
Maternal thyroid function during pregnancy or neonatal thyroid function and attention deficit hyperactivity disorder: a systematic review.
Drover SSM, Villanger GD, Aase H, Skogheim TS, Longnecker MP, Zoeller RT, Reichborn-Kjennerud T, Knudsen GP, Zeiner P, Engel SM.
Epidemiology. 2018 Oct 5. doi: 10.1097/EDE.0000000000000937.
The authors systematically reviewed literature on the association between maternal or neonatal thyroid hormones and ADHD diagnosis or symptoms. The authors identified 28 eligible articles: 16 studies of maternal thyroid hormones, seven studies of early-treated congenital hypothyroidism, and five studies of neonatal thyroid hormones. The studies provide moderate evidence for an association between maternal thyroid hormone levels and offspring ADHD, some evidence for an association between early-treated congenital hypothyroidism and ADHD, and little evidence for an association between neonatal thyroid hormone levels and later ADHD. Read More
Oseltamivir in pregnancy and birth outcomes.
Ehrenstein V, Kristensen NR, Monz BU, Clinch B, Kenwright A, Sørensen HT.
BMC Infect Dis. 2018 Oct 16;18:519. doi: 10.1186/s12879-018-3423-z.
The authors examined the association between oseltamivir use during pregnancy and birth outcomes. The study included 946,176 pregnancies. Of these, 449 had first-trimester exposure and 1449 had second/third-trimester exposure to oseltamivir. Adjusted ORs following first-trimester exposure were 0.94 (95% CI 0.49 to 1.83) for any major congenital malformation and 1.75 (95% CI 0.51 to 5.98) for congenital heart defects, based on 7 exposed cases. The association with congenital heart defects was present for etiologically implausible exposure periods and for known safe exposures. There was no evidence of an association between prenatal exposure to oseltamivir and any of the other birth outcomes assessed. Read More
The safety of inactivated influenza vaccines in pregnancy for birth outcomes: a systematic review.
Giles ML, Krishnaswamy S, Macartney K, Cheng A.
Hum Vaccin Immunother. 2018 Oct 31:1-13. doi: 10.1080/21645515.2018.1540807.
The objective of this study was to perform a systematic review of the safety of inactivated influenza vaccination (IIV) in pregnancy. Crude odds ratios were calculated from reported event rates, using binomial standard errors. Adjusted odds ratios, hazard ratios and relative rates were extracted as reported in each paper. After removal of duplicates and full text eligibility assessment, 40 studies remained. The aOR for PTB was 0.87 (0.78-0.96), for LBW 0.82 (0.76-0.89), congenital abnormality 1.03 (0.99-1.07), SGA 0.99 (0.94-1.04) and stillbirth 0.84 (0.65-1.08). This study contributes to the increasing body of safety data for IIV in pregnancy and reports a protective effect on PTB and LBW. Read More
Pharmacoepidemiologic evaluation of birth defects from health-related postings in social media during pregnancy.
Golder S, Chiuve S, Weissenbacher D, Klein A, O'Connor K, Bland M, Malin M, Bhattacharya M, Scarazzini LJ, Gonzalez-Hernandez G.
Drug Saf. 2018 Oct 3. doi: 10.1007/s40264-018-0731-6.
The objective of this study was to assess the feasibility of using social media data as an alternative source for pregnancy surveillance for regulatory decision making. The authors created an automated method to identify Twitter accounts of pregnant women. The authors identified 196 pregnant women with a mention of a birth defect in relation to their baby and 196 without a mention of a birth defect in relation to their baby. After accounting for age, race, and place of residence, a higher medication intake was observed in women who reported birth defects. Development of improved methods to automatically extract and annotate social media data may increase their value to support regulatory decision making regarding pregnancy outcomes in women using medications during their pregnancies. Read More
Uptake and safety of Hepatitis B vaccination during pregnancy: a Vaccine Safety Datalink study.
Groom HC, Irving SA, Koppolu P, Smith N, Vazquez-Benitez G, Kharbanda EO, Daley MF, Donahue JG, Getahun D, Jackson LA, Tse Kawai A, Klein NP, McCarthy NL, Nordin JD, Sukumaran L, Naleway AL.
Vaccine. 2018 Oct 1;36(41):6111-6116. doi: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2018.08.074.
The objective of this study was to assess the frequency of maternal HepB receipt among pregnant women and evaluate the potential association between maternal vaccination and pre-specified maternal and infant safety outcomes. The authors compared pregnancies with HepB exposure to those with other vaccine exposures, and to those with no vaccine exposures. Less than 3% of the HepB-exposed group had a high-risk ICD-9 code indicating need for HepB; this was similar to the rate among HepB unvaccinated groups. There were no significant associations between HepB exposure during pregnancy and gestational hypertension, gestational diabetes, pre-eclampsia/eclampsia, cesarean delivery, pre-term delivery, low birthweight or small for gestational age infants. Read More
Maternal use of hormonal contraception and risk of childhood leukaemia: a nationwide, population-based cohort study.
Hargreave M, Mørch LS, Andersen KK, Winther JF, Schmiegelow K, Kjaer SK.
Lancet Oncol. 2018 Oct;19:1307-1314. doi: 10.1016/S1470-2045(18)30479-0.
The aim of this study was to assess the association between maternal use of hormonal contraception and diagnosis of leukaemia in their children. Children born to women with recent use of any type of hormonal contraception were at higher risk for any leukaemia than children of women who never used contraception (HR 1·46, 95% CI 1·09-1·96; p=0·011); and for exposure during pregnancy the risk was 1·78 (0·95-3·31; p=0·070). No association was found between timing of use and risk for lymphoid leukaemia (HR 1·23, 95% CI 0·97-1·57, p=0·089, for previous use and 1·27, 0·90-1·80, p=0·167, for recent use); however, the HRs for non-lymphoid leukaemia were 2·17 (1·22-3·87; p=0·008) for recent use and 3·87 (1·48-10·15; p=0·006) for use during pregnancy. Hormonal contraception use close to or during pregnancy might have resulted in one additional case of leukaemia per about 50 000 exposed children, or 25 cases during the 9-year study period. Read More
Maternal antibiotic use during pregnancy and type 1 diabetes in children-a national prospective cohort study.
Haupt-Jorgensen M, Morgen CS, Jess T, Buschard K, Josefsen K, Allin KH, Antvorskov JC.
Diabetes Care. 2018 Oct 16. pii: dc181764. doi: 10.2337/dc18-1764.
The authors examined the association between early exposure to antibiotics and childhood type 1 diabetes. The authors excluded (n=4,828) twins and triplets, children born before gestational week 26 children weighing, 500g at birth, and stillbirths. Socioeconomic status, parity, maternal diabetes, smoking during pregnancy, or cesarean section were unknown in 16,383 individuals, leaving 75,629 for adjusted analyses. The children were followed until 2014 (mean follow-up time 14.3 years [range 11.5–18.4 years, SD 1.4]). This large prospective Danish cohort study demonstrated that maternal use of antibiotics during pregnancy was not associated with childhood type 1 diabetes. Read More
Association of autism spectrum disorder with prenatal exposure to medication affecting neurotransmitter systems.
Janecka M, Kodesh A, Levine SZ, Lusskin SI, Viktorin A, Rahman R, Buxbaum JD, Schlessinger A, Sandin S, Reichenberg A.
JAMA Psychiatry. 2018 Oct 31. doi: 10.1001/jamapsychiatry.2018.2728.
This study was aimed to investigate the association of early-life interference with different neurotransmitter systems by prenatal medication exposure on the risk of ASD in offspring. Of 34 groups of medications, 5 showed nominally statistically significant association with ASD in fully adjusted models. After adjustment, lower estimates of ASD risk among children exposed to cannabinoid receptor agonists (HR, 0.72; 95% CI, 0.55-0.95; P = .02), muscarinic receptor 2 agonists (HR, 0.49; 95% CI, 0.24-0.98; P = .04), opioid receptor κ and ε agonists (HR, 0.67; 95% CI, 0.45-0.99; P = .045), or α2C-adrenergic receptor agonists (HR, 0.43; 95% CI, 0.19-0.96; P = .04) were observed. Exposure to antagonists of neuronal nicotinic acetylcholine receptor α was associated with higher estimates of ASD risk (HR, 12.94; 95% CI, 1.35-124.25; P = .03). Read More
Surveillance of drug safety during pregnancy: insight in current international activities, future intentions and need for support of national pharmacovigilance centres.
Kant A, de Vries L, Rolfes L.
Drug Saf. 2018 Oct 3. doi: 10.1007/s40264-018-0729-0.
The aim of this study was to provide insight into current activities, future intentions and need for support of national PV centres in the field of drug safety during pregnancy.
A web-based questionnaire was used to ask PV centres about their current activities concerning the surveillance of drug safety during pregnancy, their intentions to implement or improve activities and need for support. The questionnaire was sent to PV centres of 172 countries. Response was 40%. In general, the PV centres received limited numbers of reports of ADRs in the (unborn) child, related to drug exposure during pregnancy. Signal detection in pregnancy cases is carried out by 8 out of 58 PV centres (13.5%). Most PV centres mention they have intentions to implement or improve activities, mainly for spontaneous reporting (69.4%) and methods for signal detection (67.2%). Support was needed for all topics of the questionnaire. Read More
Risk of pregnancy complications and adverse birth outcomes after maternal A(H1N1)pdm09 influenza: a Norwegian population-based cohort study.
Laake I, Tunheim G, Robertson AH, Hungnes O, Waalen K, Håberg SE, Mjaaland S, Trogstad L.
BMC Infect Dis. 2018 Oct 22;18:525. doi: 10.1186/s12879-018-3435-8.
The authors studied mild influenza and influenza antibodies in relation to birth weight and risks of pre-eclampsia, preterm birth (PTB), and small for gestational age (SGA) birth among the unvaccinated participants in the Norwegian Influenza Pregnancy Cohort. Among the 1258 women included in this study, there were 37 cases of pre-eclampsia, 41 births were PTB, and 103 births were SGA. 226 women (18.0%) had influenza during the pandemic. The majority of cases did not receive medical care, and only a small proportion (1.3%) of the cases were hospitalized. Thus, the cases consisted primarily of women with mild illness. No significant associations between influenza and risk of pre-eclampsia, PTB, or SGA birth were observed. Detection of A(H1N1)pdm09-specific antibodies was associated with a lower 10th percentile of birth weight, β = - 159 g (95% CI - 309, - 9). Read More
Long-term effects of oral antidiabetic drugs during pregnancy on offspring: a systematic review and meta-analysis of follow-up studies of RCTs.
van Weelden W, Wekker V, de Wit L, Limpens J, Ijäs H, van Wassenaer-Leemhuis AG, Roseboom TJ, van Rijn BB, DeVries JH, Painter RC.
Diabetes Ther. 2018 Oct;9:1811-1829. doi: 10.1007/s13300-018-0479-0.
This systematic review summarises the evidence of follow-up studies of randomised controlled trials (RCTs) reporting on long-term effects of prenatal exposure to OADs on offspring. Ten studies were included, with a maximal follow-up duration of 9 years, comprising 778 children of mothers with GDM or PCOS who were randomised to either metformin or insulin/placebo during pregnancy. Meta-analysis showed that children prenatally exposed to metformin were heavier compared to controls (standardized mean difference (SMD) 0.26 [95% CI 0.11-0.41]), but not taller (SMD 0.10 [95% CI -0.14-0.33]). Additionally, offspring body mass index (BMI) z scores did not differ according to metformin exposure (mean difference 0.30 [95% CI -0.01-0.61]). Read More
Ahrens KA, Nelson H, Stidd RL, Moskosky S, Hutcheon JA.
Paediatr Perinat Epidemiol. 2018 Oct 24. doi: 10.1111/ppe.12503.
This systematic review summarises association between short interpregnancy intervals and adverse perinatal health outcomes in high-resource settings to inform recommendations for healthy birth spacing for the United States. Nine good-quality and 18 fair-quality studies were identified. Interpregnancy intervals <6 months were associated with a clinically and statistically significant increased risk of adverse outcomes in studies of preterm birth (eg, aOR ≥ 1.20 in 10 of 14 studies); spontaneous preterm birth (eg, aOR ≥ 1.20 in one of two studies); small-for-gestational age (eg, aOR ≥ 1.20 in 5 of 11 studies); and infant mortality (eg, aOR ≥ 1.20 in four of four studies), while four studies of perinatal death showed no association. Additional research controlling for confounding would further inform recommendations for healthy birth spacing for the United States. Read More
Association of short interpregnancy interval with pregnancy outcomes according to maternal age.
Schummers L, Hutcheon JA, Hernandez-Diaz S, Williams PL, Hacker MR, VanderWeele TJ, Norman WV.
JAMA Intern Med. 2018 Oct 29. doi: 10.1001/jamainternmed.2018.4696.
The objective of this study was to evaluate whether the association between short interpregnancy (delivery to conception) interval and adverse pregnancy outcomes is modified by maternal age. Among 148 544 pregnancies, maternal mortality or severe morbidity risks were increased at 6-month compared with 18-month interpregnancy intervals for women aged 35 years or older (0.62% at 6 months vs 0.26% at 18 months; aRR, 2.39; 95% CI, 2.03-2.80), but not for women aged 20 to 34 years (0.23% at 6 months vs 0.25% at 18 months; aRR, 0.92; 95% CI, 0.83-1.02). Increased adverse fetal and infant outcome risks were more pronounced for women aged 20 to 34 years (2.0% at 6 months vs 1.4% at 18 months; aRR, 1.42; 95% CI, 1.36-1.47) than women 35 years or older (2.1% at 6 months vs 1.8% at 18 months; aRR, 1.15; 95% CI, 1.01-1.31). Risks of spontaneous preterm delivery at 6-month interpregnancy intervals were increased for women 20 to 34 years old (5.3% at 6 months vs 3.2% at 18 months; aRR, 1.65; 95% CI, 1.62-1.68) and to a lesser extent for women 35 years or older (5.0% at 6 months vs 3.6% at 18 months; aRR, 1.40; 95% CI, 1.31-1.49). Read More
β-Blocker use in pregnancy and the risk for congenital malformations: an international cohort study.
Bateman BT, Heide-Jørgensen U, Einarsdóttir K, Engeland A, Furu K, Gissler M, Hernandez-Diaz S, Kieler H, Lahesmaa-Korpinen AM, Mogun H, Nørgaard M, Reutfors J, Selmer R, Huybrechts KF, Zoega H.
Ann Intern Med. 2018 Nov 20;169:665-673. doi: 10.7326/M18-0338.
β-Blockers are a class of antihypertensive medications that are commonly used in pregnancy. The authors aimed to estimate the risks for major congenital malformations associated with first-trimester exposure to β-blockers. Of 3577 women with hypertensive pregnancies in the Nordic cohort and 14 900 in the U.S. cohort, 682 (19.1%) and 1668 (11.2%), respectively, were exposed to β-blockers in the first trimester. The pooled adjusted relative risk and risk difference per 1000 persons exposed associated with β-blockers were 1.07 (95% CI, 0.89 to 1.30) and 3.0 (CI, -6.6 to 12.6), respectively, for any major malformation; 1.12 (CI, 0.83 to 1.51) and 2.1 (CI, -4.3 to 8.4) for any cardiac malformation; and 1.97 (CI, 0.74 to 5.25) and 1.0 (CI, -0.9 to 3.0) for cleft lip or palate. The results suggest that maternal use of β-blockers in the first trimester is not associated with a large increase in the risk for overall malformations or cardiac malformations, independent of measured confounders. Read More
Association of prenatal phthalate exposure with language development in early childhood.
Bornehag CG, Lindh C, Reichenberg A, Wikström S, Unenge Hallerback M, Evans SF, Sathyanarayana S, Barrett ES, Nguyen RHN, Bush NR, Swan SH.
JAMA Pediatr. 2018 Oct 29. doi: 10.1001/jamapediatrics.2018.3115.
The authors aimed to examine the association of prenatal phthalate exposure with language development in children. Data for this study were obtained from the Swedish Environmental Longitudinal Mother and Child, Asthma and Allergy (SELMA) study and The Infant Development and the Environment Study (TIDES). In adjusted analyses, a doubling of prenatal exposure of dibutyl phthalate and butyl benzyl phthalate metabolites increased the odds ratio (OR) for language delay by approximately 25% to 40%, with statistically significant results in the SELMA study (dibutyl phthalate OR, 1.29 [95% CI, 1.03-1.63; P = .03]; butyl benzyl phthalate OR, 1.26 [95% CI, 1.07-1.49; P = .003]). A doubling of prenatal monoethyl phthalate exposure was associated with an approximately 15% increase in the OR for language delay in the SELMA study (OR, 1.14; 95% CI, 1.00-1.31; P = .05), but no such association was found in TIDES (OR, 0.98; 95% CI, 0.79-1.23). Read More
Prenatal treatment and outcomes of women with opioid use disorder.
Brogly SB, Saia KE, Werler MM, Regan E, Hernández-Díaz S.
Obstet Gynecol. 2018 Oct;132:916-922. doi: 10.1097/AOG.0000000000002881.
The authors aimed to describe the characteristics, treatment, and outcomes of pregnant women with opioid use disorder. Out of 113 women enrolled, regular substance used included heroin (92.0%), injection heroin (83.2%), other opioids (69.0%), marijuana (73.5%), alcohol (56.6%), and cocaine (62.8%). Fifty-nine women (52.2%) were treated initially with prenatal buprenorphine and 54 (47.8%) with methadone; 49.6% also were taking concomitant psychotropic medications. Opioid use relapse did not differ by treatment (44.7% overall). Thirteen (22.5%) of 59 women treated with buprenorphine transitioned to methadone mainly because of positive opioid screens. The number of pregnancy losses was small (three therapeutic abortions, four miscarriages, one stillbirth), with an overall live birth rate of 90.8% (95% CI 82.7-95.9). Read More
Identifying signals of potentially harmful medications in pregnancy: use of the double false discovery rate method to adjust for multiple testing.
Cavadino A, Prieto-Merino D, Morris JK.
Br J Clin Pharmacol. 2018 Oct 23. doi: 10.1111/bcp.13799.
The authors aimed to use this information to improve the detection of potential teratogens in congenital anomalies (CA) surveillance data. Data on 15,058 malformed foetuses with first trimester medication exposures from 1995-2011 were available from EUROmediCAT. For each medication-CA combination, the proportion of the CA in foetuses with the medication was compared to the proportion of the CA in all other foetuses in the dataset. The Australian classification system was used to identify "high risk" medications in order to compare two methods of controlling the false discovery rate (FDR): a "single" FDR applied across all combinations, and a "double" FDR incorporating groupings of medications. An FDR cut-off of 50% resulted in a reasonable effective workload, for which single FDR gave rise to 8 medication signals (3 "high risk" medications) and double FDR 50% identified 16 signals (6 "high risk"). Read More
Pregnancy outcomes in women exposed to cancer chemotherapy.
Danet C, Araujo M, Bos-Thompson MA, Portolan G, Gautier S, Vanlemmens L, Bonenfant S, Jonville-Béra AP, Cottin J, Vial T, Bavoux F, Montastruc JL, Damase-Michel C, Benevent J, Bourgeois-Mondon I, Lacroix I.
Pharmacoepidemiol Drug Saf. 2018 Oct 31. doi: 10.1002/pds.4689.
The objective of this study was to describe pregnancy outcomes of women exposed to cancer chemotherapy, recorded in the French Terappel database. In total, 75 questions about "anti-cancer drugs and pregnancy" received were recorded in Terappel. Breast cancer accounted for 62.7% of the cases, followed by leukaemia (13.3%) and lymphoma (9.3%). Cyclophosphamide is the leading anti-cancer drug with 40.0% of exposed pregnant women, followed by 5-fluorouracil (34.7%), epirubicin (32.0%), tamoxifen (26.7%), and doxorubicin (16.0%). Among the 75 pregnancies, we observed 55 births with 57 children (73.3%), nine medical terminations of pregnancy (12.0%), six voluntary terminations of pregnancy (8.0%), three intrauterine foetal deaths (4.0%), and two miscarriages (2.7%). The authors found a malformation rate of 7.8%. Sixteen of 57 (28.1%) newborns developed one or more neonatal pathologies. Read More
Quality of maternal height and weight data from the revised birth certificate and pregnancy risk assessment monitoring system.
Deputy NP, Sharma AJ, Bombard JM, Lash TL, Schieve LA, Ramakrishnan U, Stein AD, Nyland-Funke M, Mullachery P, Lee E.
Epidemiology. 2018 Oct 1. doi: 10.1097/EDE.0000000000000936.
The 2003 revision of the US Standard Certificate of Live Birth (birth certificate) and Pregnancy Risk Assessment Monitoring System (PRAMS) are important for maternal weight research and surveillance. The authors examined quality of pre-pregnancy body mass index (BMI), gestational weight gain, and component variables from these sources. For most maternal weight variables, mean differences between the birth certificate or PRAMS compared to the medical record were less than 1 kg. Compared to the medical record, the birth certificate classified similar proportions into pre-pregnancy BMI categories (agreement=89%, κ=0.83); PRAMS slightly underestimated overweight and obesity (agreement=84%, κ=0.73). Read More
Intellectual disability and psychotic disorders in children: association with maternal severe mental illness and exposure to obstetric complications in a whole-population cohort.
Di Prinzio P; M.Biostat., Morgan VA; M.Soc.Sc., Björk J, Croft M, Lin A, Jablensky A, McNeil TF.
Am J Psychiatry. 2018 Oct 3:appiajp201817101153. doi: 10.1176/appi.ajp.2018.17101153.
The purpose of this study was to examine the independent and joint contributions of familial severe mental illness and obstetric complications to the risk of intellectual disability. For children of mothers with schizophrenia, the unadjusted odds ratio was 3.8 (95% CI=3.0, 4.9) and remained significant after simultaneous adjustment for exposure to obstetric complications and other covariates (odds ratio=1.7, 95% CI=1.3, 2.3). The odds ratio for exposure to obstetric complications also remained significant after adjustment (odds ratio=1.7, 95% CI=1.6, 1.8). For intellectual disability of a genetic basis, the adjusted odds ratio for maternal schizophrenia was elevated but not statistically significant. Read More
Maternal thyroid function during pregnancy or neonatal thyroid function and attention deficit hyperactivity disorder: a systematic review.
Drover SSM, Villanger GD, Aase H, Skogheim TS, Longnecker MP, Zoeller RT, Reichborn-Kjennerud T, Knudsen GP, Zeiner P, Engel SM.
Epidemiology. 2018 Oct 5. doi: 10.1097/EDE.0000000000000937.
The authors systematically reviewed literature on the association between maternal or neonatal thyroid hormones and ADHD diagnosis or symptoms. The authors identified 28 eligible articles: 16 studies of maternal thyroid hormones, seven studies of early-treated congenital hypothyroidism, and five studies of neonatal thyroid hormones. The studies provide moderate evidence for an association between maternal thyroid hormone levels and offspring ADHD, some evidence for an association between early-treated congenital hypothyroidism and ADHD, and little evidence for an association between neonatal thyroid hormone levels and later ADHD. Read More
Oseltamivir in pregnancy and birth outcomes.
Ehrenstein V, Kristensen NR, Monz BU, Clinch B, Kenwright A, Sørensen HT.
BMC Infect Dis. 2018 Oct 16;18:519. doi: 10.1186/s12879-018-3423-z.
The authors examined the association between oseltamivir use during pregnancy and birth outcomes. The study included 946,176 pregnancies. Of these, 449 had first-trimester exposure and 1449 had second/third-trimester exposure to oseltamivir. Adjusted ORs following first-trimester exposure were 0.94 (95% CI 0.49 to 1.83) for any major congenital malformation and 1.75 (95% CI 0.51 to 5.98) for congenital heart defects, based on 7 exposed cases. The association with congenital heart defects was present for etiologically implausible exposure periods and for known safe exposures. There was no evidence of an association between prenatal exposure to oseltamivir and any of the other birth outcomes assessed. Read More
The safety of inactivated influenza vaccines in pregnancy for birth outcomes: a systematic review.
Giles ML, Krishnaswamy S, Macartney K, Cheng A.
Hum Vaccin Immunother. 2018 Oct 31:1-13. doi: 10.1080/21645515.2018.1540807.
The objective of this study was to perform a systematic review of the safety of inactivated influenza vaccination (IIV) in pregnancy. Crude odds ratios were calculated from reported event rates, using binomial standard errors. Adjusted odds ratios, hazard ratios and relative rates were extracted as reported in each paper. After removal of duplicates and full text eligibility assessment, 40 studies remained. The aOR for PTB was 0.87 (0.78-0.96), for LBW 0.82 (0.76-0.89), congenital abnormality 1.03 (0.99-1.07), SGA 0.99 (0.94-1.04) and stillbirth 0.84 (0.65-1.08). This study contributes to the increasing body of safety data for IIV in pregnancy and reports a protective effect on PTB and LBW. Read More
Pharmacoepidemiologic evaluation of birth defects from health-related postings in social media during pregnancy.
Golder S, Chiuve S, Weissenbacher D, Klein A, O'Connor K, Bland M, Malin M, Bhattacharya M, Scarazzini LJ, Gonzalez-Hernandez G.
Drug Saf. 2018 Oct 3. doi: 10.1007/s40264-018-0731-6.
The objective of this study was to assess the feasibility of using social media data as an alternative source for pregnancy surveillance for regulatory decision making. The authors created an automated method to identify Twitter accounts of pregnant women. The authors identified 196 pregnant women with a mention of a birth defect in relation to their baby and 196 without a mention of a birth defect in relation to their baby. After accounting for age, race, and place of residence, a higher medication intake was observed in women who reported birth defects. Development of improved methods to automatically extract and annotate social media data may increase their value to support regulatory decision making regarding pregnancy outcomes in women using medications during their pregnancies. Read More
Uptake and safety of Hepatitis B vaccination during pregnancy: a Vaccine Safety Datalink study.
Groom HC, Irving SA, Koppolu P, Smith N, Vazquez-Benitez G, Kharbanda EO, Daley MF, Donahue JG, Getahun D, Jackson LA, Tse Kawai A, Klein NP, McCarthy NL, Nordin JD, Sukumaran L, Naleway AL.
Vaccine. 2018 Oct 1;36(41):6111-6116. doi: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2018.08.074.
The objective of this study was to assess the frequency of maternal HepB receipt among pregnant women and evaluate the potential association between maternal vaccination and pre-specified maternal and infant safety outcomes. The authors compared pregnancies with HepB exposure to those with other vaccine exposures, and to those with no vaccine exposures. Less than 3% of the HepB-exposed group had a high-risk ICD-9 code indicating need for HepB; this was similar to the rate among HepB unvaccinated groups. There were no significant associations between HepB exposure during pregnancy and gestational hypertension, gestational diabetes, pre-eclampsia/eclampsia, cesarean delivery, pre-term delivery, low birthweight or small for gestational age infants. Read More
Maternal use of hormonal contraception and risk of childhood leukaemia: a nationwide, population-based cohort study.
Hargreave M, Mørch LS, Andersen KK, Winther JF, Schmiegelow K, Kjaer SK.
Lancet Oncol. 2018 Oct;19:1307-1314. doi: 10.1016/S1470-2045(18)30479-0.
The aim of this study was to assess the association between maternal use of hormonal contraception and diagnosis of leukaemia in their children. Children born to women with recent use of any type of hormonal contraception were at higher risk for any leukaemia than children of women who never used contraception (HR 1·46, 95% CI 1·09-1·96; p=0·011); and for exposure during pregnancy the risk was 1·78 (0·95-3·31; p=0·070). No association was found between timing of use and risk for lymphoid leukaemia (HR 1·23, 95% CI 0·97-1·57, p=0·089, for previous use and 1·27, 0·90-1·80, p=0·167, for recent use); however, the HRs for non-lymphoid leukaemia were 2·17 (1·22-3·87; p=0·008) for recent use and 3·87 (1·48-10·15; p=0·006) for use during pregnancy. Hormonal contraception use close to or during pregnancy might have resulted in one additional case of leukaemia per about 50 000 exposed children, or 25 cases during the 9-year study period. Read More
Maternal antibiotic use during pregnancy and type 1 diabetes in children-a national prospective cohort study.
Haupt-Jorgensen M, Morgen CS, Jess T, Buschard K, Josefsen K, Allin KH, Antvorskov JC.
Diabetes Care. 2018 Oct 16. pii: dc181764. doi: 10.2337/dc18-1764.
The authors examined the association between early exposure to antibiotics and childhood type 1 diabetes. The authors excluded (n=4,828) twins and triplets, children born before gestational week 26 children weighing, 500g at birth, and stillbirths. Socioeconomic status, parity, maternal diabetes, smoking during pregnancy, or cesarean section were unknown in 16,383 individuals, leaving 75,629 for adjusted analyses. The children were followed until 2014 (mean follow-up time 14.3 years [range 11.5–18.4 years, SD 1.4]). This large prospective Danish cohort study demonstrated that maternal use of antibiotics during pregnancy was not associated with childhood type 1 diabetes. Read More
Association of autism spectrum disorder with prenatal exposure to medication affecting neurotransmitter systems.
Janecka M, Kodesh A, Levine SZ, Lusskin SI, Viktorin A, Rahman R, Buxbaum JD, Schlessinger A, Sandin S, Reichenberg A.
JAMA Psychiatry. 2018 Oct 31. doi: 10.1001/jamapsychiatry.2018.2728.
This study was aimed to investigate the association of early-life interference with different neurotransmitter systems by prenatal medication exposure on the risk of ASD in offspring. Of 34 groups of medications, 5 showed nominally statistically significant association with ASD in fully adjusted models. After adjustment, lower estimates of ASD risk among children exposed to cannabinoid receptor agonists (HR, 0.72; 95% CI, 0.55-0.95; P = .02), muscarinic receptor 2 agonists (HR, 0.49; 95% CI, 0.24-0.98; P = .04), opioid receptor κ and ε agonists (HR, 0.67; 95% CI, 0.45-0.99; P = .045), or α2C-adrenergic receptor agonists (HR, 0.43; 95% CI, 0.19-0.96; P = .04) were observed. Exposure to antagonists of neuronal nicotinic acetylcholine receptor α was associated with higher estimates of ASD risk (HR, 12.94; 95% CI, 1.35-124.25; P = .03). Read More
Surveillance of drug safety during pregnancy: insight in current international activities, future intentions and need for support of national pharmacovigilance centres.
Kant A, de Vries L, Rolfes L.
Drug Saf. 2018 Oct 3. doi: 10.1007/s40264-018-0729-0.
The aim of this study was to provide insight into current activities, future intentions and need for support of national PV centres in the field of drug safety during pregnancy.
A web-based questionnaire was used to ask PV centres about their current activities concerning the surveillance of drug safety during pregnancy, their intentions to implement or improve activities and need for support. The questionnaire was sent to PV centres of 172 countries. Response was 40%. In general, the PV centres received limited numbers of reports of ADRs in the (unborn) child, related to drug exposure during pregnancy. Signal detection in pregnancy cases is carried out by 8 out of 58 PV centres (13.5%). Most PV centres mention they have intentions to implement or improve activities, mainly for spontaneous reporting (69.4%) and methods for signal detection (67.2%). Support was needed for all topics of the questionnaire. Read More
Risk of pregnancy complications and adverse birth outcomes after maternal A(H1N1)pdm09 influenza: a Norwegian population-based cohort study.
Laake I, Tunheim G, Robertson AH, Hungnes O, Waalen K, Håberg SE, Mjaaland S, Trogstad L.
BMC Infect Dis. 2018 Oct 22;18:525. doi: 10.1186/s12879-018-3435-8.
The authors studied mild influenza and influenza antibodies in relation to birth weight and risks of pre-eclampsia, preterm birth (PTB), and small for gestational age (SGA) birth among the unvaccinated participants in the Norwegian Influenza Pregnancy Cohort. Among the 1258 women included in this study, there were 37 cases of pre-eclampsia, 41 births were PTB, and 103 births were SGA. 226 women (18.0%) had influenza during the pandemic. The majority of cases did not receive medical care, and only a small proportion (1.3%) of the cases were hospitalized. Thus, the cases consisted primarily of women with mild illness. No significant associations between influenza and risk of pre-eclampsia, PTB, or SGA birth were observed. Detection of A(H1N1)pdm09-specific antibodies was associated with a lower 10th percentile of birth weight, β = - 159 g (95% CI - 309, - 9). Read More
Long-term effects of oral antidiabetic drugs during pregnancy on offspring: a systematic review and meta-analysis of follow-up studies of RCTs.
van Weelden W, Wekker V, de Wit L, Limpens J, Ijäs H, van Wassenaer-Leemhuis AG, Roseboom TJ, van Rijn BB, DeVries JH, Painter RC.
Diabetes Ther. 2018 Oct;9:1811-1829. doi: 10.1007/s13300-018-0479-0.
This systematic review summarises the evidence of follow-up studies of randomised controlled trials (RCTs) reporting on long-term effects of prenatal exposure to OADs on offspring. Ten studies were included, with a maximal follow-up duration of 9 years, comprising 778 children of mothers with GDM or PCOS who were randomised to either metformin or insulin/placebo during pregnancy. Meta-analysis showed that children prenatally exposed to metformin were heavier compared to controls (standardized mean difference (SMD) 0.26 [95% CI 0.11-0.41]), but not taller (SMD 0.10 [95% CI -0.14-0.33]). Additionally, offspring body mass index (BMI) z scores did not differ according to metformin exposure (mean difference 0.30 [95% CI -0.01-0.61]). Read More
Pediatrics
Non-fatal opioid-related overdoses among adolescents in Massachusetts 2012-2014
Chatterjee A, Larochelle MR, Xuan Z, Wang N, Bernson D, Silverstein M, Hadland SE, Land T, Samet JH, Walley AY, Bagley SM
Drug Alcohol Depend. 2018 Oct 25;194:28-31. doi: 10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2018.09.020.
This study sought to describe (1) the characteristics of adolescents aged 11-17 who experienced opioid-related non-fatal overdose (NFOD) and (2) their receipt of medications for opioid use disorder (MOUD) in the 12 months following NFOD, compared with adults. Authors created a retrospective cohort using six Massachusetts state agency datasets linked at the individual level to identify patients who experienced NFOD between 2012-2014. Among all individuals who experienced NFOD, 0.9% were aged 11-17. Fifty-two percent of adolescents were female, whereas only 38% of adults were female (p < 0.001). In the year prior to NFOD, 11% of adolescents received a prescription opioid, compared to 43% of adults (p < 0.001). Few adolescents received MOUD before or after NFOD. Read More
Comparing drug effectiveness in children: a systematic review.
Dukanovic J, Osokogu OU, Patel K, Ferrajolo C, Sturkenboom MCJM; Global Research in Pediatrics project.
Pharmacoepidemiol Drug Saf. 2018 Oct 31. doi: 10.1002/pds.4676.
This study assessed the current state of the art in pediatric comparative effectiveness research, potential gaps, and areas for improvement. Relevant articles from inception to February 2015 were retrieved from Embase and Medline, and study quality was assessed using Newcastle-Ottawa Scale (NOS). Sixty four articles were included in the review; most studies were from North America (46.7%). Only 78 studies (47.6%) reported the design: 90.8% were cohort studies. The drugs that were most often studied included systemic antibacterials (11.4%), psycholeptics (7.9%), and antiepileptics (7.6%). Adjustment for confounding was made using propensity scores in 8.5% of the studies. There is ample opportunity to improve comparative effectiveness research for drugs used in pediatrics. Read More
Assessing the risk of type 2 diabetes mellitus among children and adolescents with psychiatric disorders treated with atypical antipsychotics: a population-based nested case-control study.
Lee H, Song DH, Kwon JW, Han E, Chang MJ, Kang HY
Eur Child Adolesc Psychiatry. 2018 Oct;27(10):1321-1334. doi: 10.1007/s00787-018-1123-2.
To examine the associations between atypical antipsychotic (AAP) exposure and the development of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) in Korean pediatric patients (2-19 years) with psychiatric disorders, the authors conducted a nested case-control study using the claims data of the National Health Insurance system of Korea between 2010 and 2014. Conditional logistic regression was used to assess associations between AAP exposure and T2DM. The authors identified 20,263 cases with T2DM and 80,043 controls, matched by sex, age, enrollment date, and primary psychiatric diagnosis. After adjusting for potential confounders, the odds of having T2DM was significantly higher in multi-AAP users compared with non-users (OR 1.89; 95% CI 1.63-2.20). The association was particularly high when comparing clozapine users vs. non-users (OR 3.47; 95% CI 1.88-6.41). These findings suggest a significantly increased risk of developing T2DM in child or adolescent patients with psychiatric disorders exposed to AAPs compared with those not exposed to AAPs. Read More
A transdisciplinary team approach to scoping reviews: the case of pediatric polypharmacy.
Bakaki PM, Staley J, Liu R, Dawson N, Golchin N, Horace A, Johnson H, Waldron J, Winterstein A, Kleinman LC, Bolen SD
BMC Med Res Methodol. 2018 Oct 4;18(1):102. doi: 10.1186/s12874-018-0560-4
The authors conducted a scoping review to examine the concept of pediatric polypharmacy: its definition, prevalence, extent and gaps in research. In this manuscript, they report their transdisciplinary scoping review methodology. The transdisciplinary team of nine members performed dual reviews of 363 included studies after dual screening of 4398 abstracts and 1082 full text articles. The team achieved overall agreement of 85% and a kappa coefficient of 0.71 (95% CI 0.68-0.74) while screening full text articles. Read More
Chatterjee A, Larochelle MR, Xuan Z, Wang N, Bernson D, Silverstein M, Hadland SE, Land T, Samet JH, Walley AY, Bagley SM
Drug Alcohol Depend. 2018 Oct 25;194:28-31. doi: 10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2018.09.020.
This study sought to describe (1) the characteristics of adolescents aged 11-17 who experienced opioid-related non-fatal overdose (NFOD) and (2) their receipt of medications for opioid use disorder (MOUD) in the 12 months following NFOD, compared with adults. Authors created a retrospective cohort using six Massachusetts state agency datasets linked at the individual level to identify patients who experienced NFOD between 2012-2014. Among all individuals who experienced NFOD, 0.9% were aged 11-17. Fifty-two percent of adolescents were female, whereas only 38% of adults were female (p < 0.001). In the year prior to NFOD, 11% of adolescents received a prescription opioid, compared to 43% of adults (p < 0.001). Few adolescents received MOUD before or after NFOD. Read More
Comparing drug effectiveness in children: a systematic review.
Dukanovic J, Osokogu OU, Patel K, Ferrajolo C, Sturkenboom MCJM; Global Research in Pediatrics project.
Pharmacoepidemiol Drug Saf. 2018 Oct 31. doi: 10.1002/pds.4676.
This study assessed the current state of the art in pediatric comparative effectiveness research, potential gaps, and areas for improvement. Relevant articles from inception to February 2015 were retrieved from Embase and Medline, and study quality was assessed using Newcastle-Ottawa Scale (NOS). Sixty four articles were included in the review; most studies were from North America (46.7%). Only 78 studies (47.6%) reported the design: 90.8% were cohort studies. The drugs that were most often studied included systemic antibacterials (11.4%), psycholeptics (7.9%), and antiepileptics (7.6%). Adjustment for confounding was made using propensity scores in 8.5% of the studies. There is ample opportunity to improve comparative effectiveness research for drugs used in pediatrics. Read More
Assessing the risk of type 2 diabetes mellitus among children and adolescents with psychiatric disorders treated with atypical antipsychotics: a population-based nested case-control study.
Lee H, Song DH, Kwon JW, Han E, Chang MJ, Kang HY
Eur Child Adolesc Psychiatry. 2018 Oct;27(10):1321-1334. doi: 10.1007/s00787-018-1123-2.
To examine the associations between atypical antipsychotic (AAP) exposure and the development of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) in Korean pediatric patients (2-19 years) with psychiatric disorders, the authors conducted a nested case-control study using the claims data of the National Health Insurance system of Korea between 2010 and 2014. Conditional logistic regression was used to assess associations between AAP exposure and T2DM. The authors identified 20,263 cases with T2DM and 80,043 controls, matched by sex, age, enrollment date, and primary psychiatric diagnosis. After adjusting for potential confounders, the odds of having T2DM was significantly higher in multi-AAP users compared with non-users (OR 1.89; 95% CI 1.63-2.20). The association was particularly high when comparing clozapine users vs. non-users (OR 3.47; 95% CI 1.88-6.41). These findings suggest a significantly increased risk of developing T2DM in child or adolescent patients with psychiatric disorders exposed to AAPs compared with those not exposed to AAPs. Read More
A transdisciplinary team approach to scoping reviews: the case of pediatric polypharmacy.
Bakaki PM, Staley J, Liu R, Dawson N, Golchin N, Horace A, Johnson H, Waldron J, Winterstein A, Kleinman LC, Bolen SD
BMC Med Res Methodol. 2018 Oct 4;18(1):102. doi: 10.1186/s12874-018-0560-4
The authors conducted a scoping review to examine the concept of pediatric polypharmacy: its definition, prevalence, extent and gaps in research. In this manuscript, they report their transdisciplinary scoping review methodology. The transdisciplinary team of nine members performed dual reviews of 363 included studies after dual screening of 4398 abstracts and 1082 full text articles. The team achieved overall agreement of 85% and a kappa coefficient of 0.71 (95% CI 0.68-0.74) while screening full text articles. Read More
January/FEBRUARY 2019
Pregnancy
Association between prenatal opioid exposure, neonatal opioid withdrawal syndrome, and neurodevelopmental and behavioral outcomes at 5-8 months of age.
Bakhireva LN, Holbrook BD, Shrestha S, Leyva Y, Ashley M, Cano S, Lowe J, Stephen JM, Leeman L.
Early Hum Dev. 2018 Dec 13;128:69-76. doi: 10.1016/j.earlhumdev.2018.10.010.
In this study, the authors examined 1) prenatal MAT exposure vs. unexposed healthy controls [HC]; and 2) treatment for neonatal opioid withdrawal syndrome (NOWS) and NOWS severity on infant neurodevelopmental and behavioral outcomes at 5-8 months of age in 78 maternal-infant pairs from the ENRICH prospective cohort study. The study results provide additional evidence of little-to-no effect of MAT and pharmacological treatment of NOWS on infant neurodevelopmental and behavioral outcomes at 5-8 months of age. However, prolonged hospitalization might increase family psychosocial stress and requires further examination. Read More
Trimester-specific association between antibiotics exposure during pregnancy and childhood asthma or wheeze: the role of confounding.
Bai L, Zhao D, Cheng Q, Zhang Y, Wang S, Zhang H, Xie M, He R, Su H.
Ann Epidemiol. 2018 Nov 2. doi: 10.1016/j.annepidem.2018.10.003.
The authors conducted the meta-analysis to respectively evaluate the risk of prenatal antibiotics use during specific trimesters (first, second, and third trimester) on childhood asthma or wheeze and to explore whether the association was biased by potential confounding. Eight studies were included finally. The authors found a crude positive association of prenatal antibiotics use during each pregnancy trimester and risk of childhood asthma or wheeze with RRs of 1.28 (95% CI, 1.09-1.51) for the first trimester of pregnancy, 1.25 (95% CI, 1.02-1.52) for the second trimester, and 1.25 (95% CI, 1.05-1.49) for the third trimester. However, when considering potential factors of maternal infections and presence of siblings, the relationship for each trimester was insignificant. Read More
Maternal smoking during pregnancy and autism: using causal inference methods in a birth cohort study.
Caramaschi D, Taylor AE, Richmond RC, Havdahl KA, Golding J, Relton CL, Munafò MR, Davey Smith G, Rai D.
Transl Psychiatry. 2018 Nov 29;8:262. doi: 10.1038/s41398-018-0313-5.
The authors aimed to investigate the causal relationship between maternal smoking during pregnancy and offspring autism using conventional analysis and causal inference methods in the Avon Longitudinal Study of Parents and Children. Mendelian randomisation (n = 1002-2037) was carried out using a genetic variant at the CHRNA3 locus in maternal DNA as a proxy for heaviness of smoking. The authors observed an association between smoking during pregnancy and impairments in social communication [OR = 1.56, 95% CI = 1.29, 1.87] and repetitive behaviours. The magnitude of association for partner's smoking with impairments in social communication was similar [OR = 1.56, 95% CI = 1.30, 1.87] suggesting potential for shared confounding. In conclusion, using several analytic methods, the authors did not find enough evidence to support a causal association between maternal smoking during pregnancy and offspring autism or related traits. Read More
Prevalence and changes in preexisting diabetes and gestational diabetes among women who had a live birth - United States, 2012-2016.
Deputy NP, Kim SY, Conrey EJ, Bullard KM.
MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep. 2018 Nov 2;67(43):1201-1207. doi: 10.15585/mmwr.mm6743a2.
In the United States, prevalence of both preexisting and gestational diabetes increased from 2000 to 2010 (4,5). Recent state-specific trends have not been reported; therefore, CDC analyzed 2012-2016 National Vital Statistics System (NVSS) birth data. In 2016, the crude national prevalence of preexisting diabetes among women with live births was 0.9%, and prevalence of gestational diabetes was 6.0%. Among 40 jurisdictions with continuously available data from 2012 through 2016, the age- and race/ethnicity-standardized prevalence of preexisting diabetes was stable at 0.8% and increased slightly from 5.2% to 5.6% for gestational diabetes. Preconception care and lifestyle interventions before, during, and after pregnancy might provide opportunities to control, prevent, or mitigate health risks associated with diabetes during pregnancy. Read More
Adverse pregnancy outcomes and infant mortality after quadrivalent HPV vaccination during pregnancy.
Faber MT, Duun-Henriksen AK, Dehlendorff C, Tatla MK, Munk C, Kjaer SK.
Vaccine. 2019 Jan 7;37:265-271. doi: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2018.11.030.
This study set out to determine the association between HPV vaccination during pregnancy and subsequent risk of spontaneous abortion, stillbirth, and one-year infant mortality. Population-based study including all pregnancies in Denmark among women born 1975-1992. No significantly increased rate of spontaneous abortion among women vaccinated during pregnancy compared with unvaccinated women was found. In addition, the authors found no association between HPV vaccination during pregnancy and stillbirth (adjusted odds ratio = 0.96 [95% CI: 0.57-1.61]), or infant mortality (adjusted hazard ratio = 0.94 [95% CI: 0.53-1.67]). Read More
Maternal use of thyroid hormone replacement therapy before, during, and after pregnancy: agreement between self-report and prescription records and group-based trajectory modeling of prescription patterns.
Frank AS, Lupattelli A, Matteson DS, Nordeng H.
Clin Epidemiol. 2018 Dec 3;10:1801-1816. doi: 10.2147/CLEP.S175616.
The purpose of this study was to 1) calculate the agreement between self-report and dispensed prescriptions of THRT and 2) classify women with similar adherence patterns to THRT into disjoint longitudinal trajectories. The authors used data from the Norwegian Mother and Child Cohort Study (MoBa), a prospective population-based cohort study. Using group-based trajectory models (GBTMs), the authors estimated adherence trajectories among women who self-reported and had a THRT prescription. Agreement between self-report and prescription records was high for THRT in the early pregnancy period. Based on GBTM results, about one in two women with hypothyroidism had adequate adherence to prescribed THRT throughout pregnancy. Read More
Maternal genitourinary infections and risk of birth defects in the National Birth Defects Prevention Study.
Howley MM, Feldkamp ML, Papadopoulos EA, Fisher SC, Arnold KE, Browne ML; National Birth Defects Prevention Study.
Birth Defects Res. 2018 Nov 15;110(19):1443-1454. doi: 10.1002/bdr2.1409.
Little is known about the risk of birth defects associated with GUIs. Using data from the National Birth Defects Prevention Study, a multisite, population-based, case-control study, the authors reported that a GUI was significantly associated with 11 of the 52 birth defects examined (ORs ranging from 1.19 to 2.26): encephalocele, cataracts, cleft lip, esophageal atresia, duodenal atresia/stenosis, small intestinal atresia/stenosis, colonic atresia/stenosis, transverse limb deficiency, conoventricular septal defect, atrioventricular septal defect, and secundum atrial septal defect. A periconceptional UTI was significantly associated with nine birth defects (ORs from 1.21 to 2.48), and periconceptional STI was significantly associated with four birth defects (ORs ranging from 1.63 to 3.72). Read More
Association of maternal first-trimester ondansetron use with cardiac malformations and oral clefts in offspring.
Huybrechts KF, Hernández-Díaz S, Straub L, Gray KJ, Zhu Y, Patorno E, Desai RJ, Mogun H, Bateman BT.
JAMA. 2018 Dec 18;320(23):2429-2437. doi: 10.1001/jama.2018.18307.
Evidence for the fetal safety of ondansetron, a 5-HT3 receptor antagonist that is commonly prescribed for nausea and vomiting during pregnancy, is limited and conflicting. This study was aimed to evaluate the association between ondansetron exposure during pregnancy and risk of congenital malformations. Among 1 816 414 pregnancies, 88 467 (4.9%) were exposed to ondansetron during the first trimester. The adjusted relative risk (RR) for cardiac malformations was 0.99 (95% CI, 0.93 to 1.06) and the adjusted risk difference (RD) was -0.8 (95% CI, -7.3 to 5.7 per 10 000 births). For oral clefts, the adjusted RR was 1.24 (95% CI, 1.03 to 1.48) and the RD was 2.7 (95% CI, 0.2 to 5.2 per 10 000 births). The adjusted estimate for congenital malformations overall was an RR of 1.01 (95% CI, 0.98 to 1.05) and an RD of 5.4 (95% CI, -7.3 to 18.2 per 10 000 births). Read More
Association of autism spectrum disorder with prenatal exposure to medication affecting neurotransmitter systems.
Janecka M, Kodesh A, Levine SZ, Lusskin SI, Viktorin A, Rahman R, Buxbaum JD, Schlessinger A, Sandin S, Reichenberg A.
JAMA Psychiatry. 2018 Dec 1;75(12):1217-1224. doi: 10.1001/jamapsychiatry.2018.2728.
This study was aimed to investigate the association of early-life interference with different neurotransmitter systems by prenatal medication exposure on the risk of ASD in offspring. Adjusting for the number of maternal diagnosis, lower estimates of ASD risk among children exposed to cannabinoid receptor agonists (HR, 0.72; 95% CI, 0.55-0.95; P = .02), muscarinic receptor 2 agonists (HR, 0.49; 95% CI, 0.24-0.98; P = .04), opioid receptor κ and ε agonists (HR, 0.67; 95% CI, 0.45-0.99; P = .045), or α2C-adrenergic receptor agonists (HR, 0.43; 95% CI, 0.19-0.96; P = .04) were observed. Exposure to antagonists of neuronal nicotinic acetylcholine receptor α was associated with higher estimates of ASD risk (HR, 12.94; 95% CI, 1.35-124.25; P = .03). Read More
Maternal and neonatal outcomes after exposure to ADHD medication during pregnancy: A systematic review and meta-analysis.
Jiang HY, Zhang X, Jiang CM, Fu HB.
Pharmacoepidemiol Drug Saf. 2018 Dec 26. doi: 10.1002/pds.4716.
A systematic review and meta-analysis was performed to evaluate the adverse maternal and neonatal outcomes associated with exposure to ADHD medication during pregnancy. Exposure to ADHD medication was associated with an increased risk of neonatal intensive care unit admission compared with no exposure at any time (risk ratio (RR) 1.88; 95% CI, 1.7-2.08) and compared with women with exposure either before or after pregnancy (RR 1.38; 95% CI, 1.23-1.54; P < 0.001). Exposure to methylphenidate was marginally associated with an increased risk for cardiac malformation (RR 1.27; 95% CI, 0.99-1.63; P = 0.065) compared with no exposure. Read More
Association between prophylactic low molecular weight heparin use in pregnancy and macrosomia: analysis of the Ottawa and Kingston Birth Cohort.
Lowry DE, Corsi DJ, White RR, Guo M, Lanes A, Smith G, Rodger M, Wen SW, Walker M, Gaudet L.
J Thromb Haemost. 2018 Dec 14. doi: 10.1111/jth.14358.
This study was aimed to determine whether there is an association between low molecular weight heparin (LMWH) usage in mothers and the prevalence of LGA. The authors performed an analysis of the Ottawa and Kingston (OaK) Birth Cohort and used Coarsened Exact Matching (CEM) methods to account for bias and confounding. 7519 women from the OaK Birth Cohort were included, 59 were administered LMWH during pregnancy (0.78%). The odds ratio of an LGA delivery among women administered LMWH was 1.02 (95% CI: 0.48 to 2.16; p=0.96) in unadjusted analyses and was 1.15 (95% CI: 0.49-2.71) in the matched sample adjusted for maternal age, BMI, and gestational age. Read More
The safety of influenza and pertussis vaccination in pregnancy in a cohort of Australian mother-infant pairs, 2012-2015: The FluMum Study.
McHugh L, Marshall HS, Perrett KP, Nolan T, Wood N, Lambert SB, Richmond P, Ware RS, Binks P, Binks MJ, Andrews RM.
Clin Infect Dis. 2018 Nov 23. doi: 10.1093/cid/ciy517.
Limited safety data exist for women who received Inactivated influenza vaccine (IIV) during the first trimester of pregnancy or received both vaccines in pregnancy. The authors assessed adverse birth outcomes between vaccinated and unvaccinated pregnancies. Among 8827 Australian "FluMum" participants, women who received IIV in pregnancy did not have an elevated risk of an adverse birth outcome: preterm births (HR, 1.10 [95% CI, .92-1.31]); LBWT (HR, 1.05 [95% CI, .76-1.44]); or SGA (HR, 0.99 [95% CI, .86-1.15]). There was also no evidence of elevated risk by trimester of IIV. Read More
Electronic algorithm is superior to hospital discharge codes for diagnoses of hypertensive disorders of pregnancy in historical cohorts.
Milic NM, Codsi E, Butler Tobah YS, White WM, Kattah AG, Weissgerber TL, Saiki M, Parashuram S, Vaughan LE, Weaver AL, Savic M, Mielke MM, Garovic VD.
Mayo Clin Proc. 2018 Dec;93(12):1707-1719. doi: 10.1016/j.mayocp.2018.08.031.
The authors aimed to develop and validate criteria for the retrospective diagnoses of hypertensive disorders of pregnancy that would be amenable to the development of an electronic algorithm, and to compare the accuracy of diagnoses based on both the algorithm and diagnostic codes with the gold standard, of physician-made diagnoses based on a detailed review of medical records using accepted clinical criteria. Sensitivities of the algorithm for 25 normotensive pregnancies, 25 with gestational hypertension, and 25 with preeclampsia were 100%, 88%, and 100%, respectively, and specificities were 94%, 100%, and 100%, respectively. Diagnostic code sensitivities were 96% for normotensive pregnancies, 32% for gestational hypertension, and 96% for preeclampsia, and specificities were 78%, 96%, and 88%, respectively. Read More
Annual research review: maternal antidepressant use during pregnancy and offspring neurodevelopmental problems - a critical review and recommendations for future research.
Sujan AC, Öberg AS, Quinn PD, D'Onofrio BM.
J Child Psychol Psychiatry. 2018 Dec 5. doi: 10.1111/jcpp.13004.
This translational review aims to provide a brief overview of findings from rodent experiments and critically evaluate observational studies in humans to assess the extent to which associations between prenatal antidepressant exposure and neurodevelopmental problems are due to causal mechanisms versus other influences. Converging evidence from studies using multiple designs and approaches suggest that observed associations between prenatal antidepressant exposure and neurodevelopmental problems in humans are largely due to confounding factors. As recommendations for future research, observational studies should investigate specific confounding factors, specific antidepressant drugs and classes, the potential impact of timing of exposure, and a wider range of other potential offspring outcomes. Read More
Advances in epidemiological methods and utilisation of large databases: A methodological review of observational studies on central nervous system drug use in pregnancy and central nervous system outcomes in children.
Wang Z, Ho PWH, Choy MTH, Wong ICK, Brauer R, Man KKC.
Drug Saf. 2018 Nov 13. doi: 10.1007/s40264-018-0755-y.
The objective of this study was to review the methodological characteristics of existing studies to identify any limitations and recommend further research. In total, 111 observational studies, 25 case-control studies, and 86 cohort studies were included in the review. Publications dating from 1978 to 2006 mainly focused on antiepileptic drugs, but research on antidepressants increased from 2007 onwards. Only one study focused on antipsychotic use during pregnancy. Most studies (58%) adjusted the confounding factors using general adjustment, whereas only a few studies used advanced methods such as sibling-matched models and propensity score methods; 42 articles used univariate analyses and 69 conducted multivariable regression analyses. Read More
Bakhireva LN, Holbrook BD, Shrestha S, Leyva Y, Ashley M, Cano S, Lowe J, Stephen JM, Leeman L.
Early Hum Dev. 2018 Dec 13;128:69-76. doi: 10.1016/j.earlhumdev.2018.10.010.
In this study, the authors examined 1) prenatal MAT exposure vs. unexposed healthy controls [HC]; and 2) treatment for neonatal opioid withdrawal syndrome (NOWS) and NOWS severity on infant neurodevelopmental and behavioral outcomes at 5-8 months of age in 78 maternal-infant pairs from the ENRICH prospective cohort study. The study results provide additional evidence of little-to-no effect of MAT and pharmacological treatment of NOWS on infant neurodevelopmental and behavioral outcomes at 5-8 months of age. However, prolonged hospitalization might increase family psychosocial stress and requires further examination. Read More
Trimester-specific association between antibiotics exposure during pregnancy and childhood asthma or wheeze: the role of confounding.
Bai L, Zhao D, Cheng Q, Zhang Y, Wang S, Zhang H, Xie M, He R, Su H.
Ann Epidemiol. 2018 Nov 2. doi: 10.1016/j.annepidem.2018.10.003.
The authors conducted the meta-analysis to respectively evaluate the risk of prenatal antibiotics use during specific trimesters (first, second, and third trimester) on childhood asthma or wheeze and to explore whether the association was biased by potential confounding. Eight studies were included finally. The authors found a crude positive association of prenatal antibiotics use during each pregnancy trimester and risk of childhood asthma or wheeze with RRs of 1.28 (95% CI, 1.09-1.51) for the first trimester of pregnancy, 1.25 (95% CI, 1.02-1.52) for the second trimester, and 1.25 (95% CI, 1.05-1.49) for the third trimester. However, when considering potential factors of maternal infections and presence of siblings, the relationship for each trimester was insignificant. Read More
Maternal smoking during pregnancy and autism: using causal inference methods in a birth cohort study.
Caramaschi D, Taylor AE, Richmond RC, Havdahl KA, Golding J, Relton CL, Munafò MR, Davey Smith G, Rai D.
Transl Psychiatry. 2018 Nov 29;8:262. doi: 10.1038/s41398-018-0313-5.
The authors aimed to investigate the causal relationship between maternal smoking during pregnancy and offspring autism using conventional analysis and causal inference methods in the Avon Longitudinal Study of Parents and Children. Mendelian randomisation (n = 1002-2037) was carried out using a genetic variant at the CHRNA3 locus in maternal DNA as a proxy for heaviness of smoking. The authors observed an association between smoking during pregnancy and impairments in social communication [OR = 1.56, 95% CI = 1.29, 1.87] and repetitive behaviours. The magnitude of association for partner's smoking with impairments in social communication was similar [OR = 1.56, 95% CI = 1.30, 1.87] suggesting potential for shared confounding. In conclusion, using several analytic methods, the authors did not find enough evidence to support a causal association between maternal smoking during pregnancy and offspring autism or related traits. Read More
Prevalence and changes in preexisting diabetes and gestational diabetes among women who had a live birth - United States, 2012-2016.
Deputy NP, Kim SY, Conrey EJ, Bullard KM.
MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep. 2018 Nov 2;67(43):1201-1207. doi: 10.15585/mmwr.mm6743a2.
In the United States, prevalence of both preexisting and gestational diabetes increased from 2000 to 2010 (4,5). Recent state-specific trends have not been reported; therefore, CDC analyzed 2012-2016 National Vital Statistics System (NVSS) birth data. In 2016, the crude national prevalence of preexisting diabetes among women with live births was 0.9%, and prevalence of gestational diabetes was 6.0%. Among 40 jurisdictions with continuously available data from 2012 through 2016, the age- and race/ethnicity-standardized prevalence of preexisting diabetes was stable at 0.8% and increased slightly from 5.2% to 5.6% for gestational diabetes. Preconception care and lifestyle interventions before, during, and after pregnancy might provide opportunities to control, prevent, or mitigate health risks associated with diabetes during pregnancy. Read More
Adverse pregnancy outcomes and infant mortality after quadrivalent HPV vaccination during pregnancy.
Faber MT, Duun-Henriksen AK, Dehlendorff C, Tatla MK, Munk C, Kjaer SK.
Vaccine. 2019 Jan 7;37:265-271. doi: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2018.11.030.
This study set out to determine the association between HPV vaccination during pregnancy and subsequent risk of spontaneous abortion, stillbirth, and one-year infant mortality. Population-based study including all pregnancies in Denmark among women born 1975-1992. No significantly increased rate of spontaneous abortion among women vaccinated during pregnancy compared with unvaccinated women was found. In addition, the authors found no association between HPV vaccination during pregnancy and stillbirth (adjusted odds ratio = 0.96 [95% CI: 0.57-1.61]), or infant mortality (adjusted hazard ratio = 0.94 [95% CI: 0.53-1.67]). Read More
Maternal use of thyroid hormone replacement therapy before, during, and after pregnancy: agreement between self-report and prescription records and group-based trajectory modeling of prescription patterns.
Frank AS, Lupattelli A, Matteson DS, Nordeng H.
Clin Epidemiol. 2018 Dec 3;10:1801-1816. doi: 10.2147/CLEP.S175616.
The purpose of this study was to 1) calculate the agreement between self-report and dispensed prescriptions of THRT and 2) classify women with similar adherence patterns to THRT into disjoint longitudinal trajectories. The authors used data from the Norwegian Mother and Child Cohort Study (MoBa), a prospective population-based cohort study. Using group-based trajectory models (GBTMs), the authors estimated adherence trajectories among women who self-reported and had a THRT prescription. Agreement between self-report and prescription records was high for THRT in the early pregnancy period. Based on GBTM results, about one in two women with hypothyroidism had adequate adherence to prescribed THRT throughout pregnancy. Read More
Maternal genitourinary infections and risk of birth defects in the National Birth Defects Prevention Study.
Howley MM, Feldkamp ML, Papadopoulos EA, Fisher SC, Arnold KE, Browne ML; National Birth Defects Prevention Study.
Birth Defects Res. 2018 Nov 15;110(19):1443-1454. doi: 10.1002/bdr2.1409.
Little is known about the risk of birth defects associated with GUIs. Using data from the National Birth Defects Prevention Study, a multisite, population-based, case-control study, the authors reported that a GUI was significantly associated with 11 of the 52 birth defects examined (ORs ranging from 1.19 to 2.26): encephalocele, cataracts, cleft lip, esophageal atresia, duodenal atresia/stenosis, small intestinal atresia/stenosis, colonic atresia/stenosis, transverse limb deficiency, conoventricular septal defect, atrioventricular septal defect, and secundum atrial septal defect. A periconceptional UTI was significantly associated with nine birth defects (ORs from 1.21 to 2.48), and periconceptional STI was significantly associated with four birth defects (ORs ranging from 1.63 to 3.72). Read More
Association of maternal first-trimester ondansetron use with cardiac malformations and oral clefts in offspring.
Huybrechts KF, Hernández-Díaz S, Straub L, Gray KJ, Zhu Y, Patorno E, Desai RJ, Mogun H, Bateman BT.
JAMA. 2018 Dec 18;320(23):2429-2437. doi: 10.1001/jama.2018.18307.
Evidence for the fetal safety of ondansetron, a 5-HT3 receptor antagonist that is commonly prescribed for nausea and vomiting during pregnancy, is limited and conflicting. This study was aimed to evaluate the association between ondansetron exposure during pregnancy and risk of congenital malformations. Among 1 816 414 pregnancies, 88 467 (4.9%) were exposed to ondansetron during the first trimester. The adjusted relative risk (RR) for cardiac malformations was 0.99 (95% CI, 0.93 to 1.06) and the adjusted risk difference (RD) was -0.8 (95% CI, -7.3 to 5.7 per 10 000 births). For oral clefts, the adjusted RR was 1.24 (95% CI, 1.03 to 1.48) and the RD was 2.7 (95% CI, 0.2 to 5.2 per 10 000 births). The adjusted estimate for congenital malformations overall was an RR of 1.01 (95% CI, 0.98 to 1.05) and an RD of 5.4 (95% CI, -7.3 to 18.2 per 10 000 births). Read More
Association of autism spectrum disorder with prenatal exposure to medication affecting neurotransmitter systems.
Janecka M, Kodesh A, Levine SZ, Lusskin SI, Viktorin A, Rahman R, Buxbaum JD, Schlessinger A, Sandin S, Reichenberg A.
JAMA Psychiatry. 2018 Dec 1;75(12):1217-1224. doi: 10.1001/jamapsychiatry.2018.2728.
This study was aimed to investigate the association of early-life interference with different neurotransmitter systems by prenatal medication exposure on the risk of ASD in offspring. Adjusting for the number of maternal diagnosis, lower estimates of ASD risk among children exposed to cannabinoid receptor agonists (HR, 0.72; 95% CI, 0.55-0.95; P = .02), muscarinic receptor 2 agonists (HR, 0.49; 95% CI, 0.24-0.98; P = .04), opioid receptor κ and ε agonists (HR, 0.67; 95% CI, 0.45-0.99; P = .045), or α2C-adrenergic receptor agonists (HR, 0.43; 95% CI, 0.19-0.96; P = .04) were observed. Exposure to antagonists of neuronal nicotinic acetylcholine receptor α was associated with higher estimates of ASD risk (HR, 12.94; 95% CI, 1.35-124.25; P = .03). Read More
Maternal and neonatal outcomes after exposure to ADHD medication during pregnancy: A systematic review and meta-analysis.
Jiang HY, Zhang X, Jiang CM, Fu HB.
Pharmacoepidemiol Drug Saf. 2018 Dec 26. doi: 10.1002/pds.4716.
A systematic review and meta-analysis was performed to evaluate the adverse maternal and neonatal outcomes associated with exposure to ADHD medication during pregnancy. Exposure to ADHD medication was associated with an increased risk of neonatal intensive care unit admission compared with no exposure at any time (risk ratio (RR) 1.88; 95% CI, 1.7-2.08) and compared with women with exposure either before or after pregnancy (RR 1.38; 95% CI, 1.23-1.54; P < 0.001). Exposure to methylphenidate was marginally associated with an increased risk for cardiac malformation (RR 1.27; 95% CI, 0.99-1.63; P = 0.065) compared with no exposure. Read More
Association between prophylactic low molecular weight heparin use in pregnancy and macrosomia: analysis of the Ottawa and Kingston Birth Cohort.
Lowry DE, Corsi DJ, White RR, Guo M, Lanes A, Smith G, Rodger M, Wen SW, Walker M, Gaudet L.
J Thromb Haemost. 2018 Dec 14. doi: 10.1111/jth.14358.
This study was aimed to determine whether there is an association between low molecular weight heparin (LMWH) usage in mothers and the prevalence of LGA. The authors performed an analysis of the Ottawa and Kingston (OaK) Birth Cohort and used Coarsened Exact Matching (CEM) methods to account for bias and confounding. 7519 women from the OaK Birth Cohort were included, 59 were administered LMWH during pregnancy (0.78%). The odds ratio of an LGA delivery among women administered LMWH was 1.02 (95% CI: 0.48 to 2.16; p=0.96) in unadjusted analyses and was 1.15 (95% CI: 0.49-2.71) in the matched sample adjusted for maternal age, BMI, and gestational age. Read More
The safety of influenza and pertussis vaccination in pregnancy in a cohort of Australian mother-infant pairs, 2012-2015: The FluMum Study.
McHugh L, Marshall HS, Perrett KP, Nolan T, Wood N, Lambert SB, Richmond P, Ware RS, Binks P, Binks MJ, Andrews RM.
Clin Infect Dis. 2018 Nov 23. doi: 10.1093/cid/ciy517.
Limited safety data exist for women who received Inactivated influenza vaccine (IIV) during the first trimester of pregnancy or received both vaccines in pregnancy. The authors assessed adverse birth outcomes between vaccinated and unvaccinated pregnancies. Among 8827 Australian "FluMum" participants, women who received IIV in pregnancy did not have an elevated risk of an adverse birth outcome: preterm births (HR, 1.10 [95% CI, .92-1.31]); LBWT (HR, 1.05 [95% CI, .76-1.44]); or SGA (HR, 0.99 [95% CI, .86-1.15]). There was also no evidence of elevated risk by trimester of IIV. Read More
Electronic algorithm is superior to hospital discharge codes for diagnoses of hypertensive disorders of pregnancy in historical cohorts.
Milic NM, Codsi E, Butler Tobah YS, White WM, Kattah AG, Weissgerber TL, Saiki M, Parashuram S, Vaughan LE, Weaver AL, Savic M, Mielke MM, Garovic VD.
Mayo Clin Proc. 2018 Dec;93(12):1707-1719. doi: 10.1016/j.mayocp.2018.08.031.
The authors aimed to develop and validate criteria for the retrospective diagnoses of hypertensive disorders of pregnancy that would be amenable to the development of an electronic algorithm, and to compare the accuracy of diagnoses based on both the algorithm and diagnostic codes with the gold standard, of physician-made diagnoses based on a detailed review of medical records using accepted clinical criteria. Sensitivities of the algorithm for 25 normotensive pregnancies, 25 with gestational hypertension, and 25 with preeclampsia were 100%, 88%, and 100%, respectively, and specificities were 94%, 100%, and 100%, respectively. Diagnostic code sensitivities were 96% for normotensive pregnancies, 32% for gestational hypertension, and 96% for preeclampsia, and specificities were 78%, 96%, and 88%, respectively. Read More
Annual research review: maternal antidepressant use during pregnancy and offspring neurodevelopmental problems - a critical review and recommendations for future research.
Sujan AC, Öberg AS, Quinn PD, D'Onofrio BM.
J Child Psychol Psychiatry. 2018 Dec 5. doi: 10.1111/jcpp.13004.
This translational review aims to provide a brief overview of findings from rodent experiments and critically evaluate observational studies in humans to assess the extent to which associations between prenatal antidepressant exposure and neurodevelopmental problems are due to causal mechanisms versus other influences. Converging evidence from studies using multiple designs and approaches suggest that observed associations between prenatal antidepressant exposure and neurodevelopmental problems in humans are largely due to confounding factors. As recommendations for future research, observational studies should investigate specific confounding factors, specific antidepressant drugs and classes, the potential impact of timing of exposure, and a wider range of other potential offspring outcomes. Read More
Advances in epidemiological methods and utilisation of large databases: A methodological review of observational studies on central nervous system drug use in pregnancy and central nervous system outcomes in children.
Wang Z, Ho PWH, Choy MTH, Wong ICK, Brauer R, Man KKC.
Drug Saf. 2018 Nov 13. doi: 10.1007/s40264-018-0755-y.
The objective of this study was to review the methodological characteristics of existing studies to identify any limitations and recommend further research. In total, 111 observational studies, 25 case-control studies, and 86 cohort studies were included in the review. Publications dating from 1978 to 2006 mainly focused on antiepileptic drugs, but research on antidepressants increased from 2007 onwards. Only one study focused on antipsychotic use during pregnancy. Most studies (58%) adjusted the confounding factors using general adjustment, whereas only a few studies used advanced methods such as sibling-matched models and propensity score methods; 42 articles used univariate analyses and 69 conducted multivariable regression analyses. Read More
Pediatrics
Receipt of timely addiction treatment and association of early medication treatment with retention in care among youths with opioid use disorder
Hadland S, Bagley SM, Rodean J, Silverstein M, Levy S, Larochelle MR, Samet JH, Zima BT
JAMA Pediatr. 2018 Nov 1;172(11):1029-1037. doi: 10.1001/jamapediatrics.2018.2143.
Using Medicaid claims data (2014-2015), this study sought to identify the proportion of youths who received treatment for addiction (buprenorphine, naltrexone, or methadone) within 3 months after diagnosis of opioid use disorder (OUD) and to determine whether timely receipt of OUD medications is associated with retention in care. Among the 2837 youths diagnosed with OUD, 52% received behavioral health services and 24% received OUD medications. Only 4.7% of adolescents <18 years and 26.9% of young adults 18-22 years received timely OUD medications. Timely receipt of buprenorphine (adjusted hazard ratio, 0.58; 95% CI, 0.52-0.64), naltrexone (adjusted hazard ratio, 0.54; 95% CI, 0.43-0.69), and methadone (adjusted hazard ratio, 0.32; 95% CI, 0.22-0.47) were each independently associated with lower attrition from treatment compared with receipt of behavioral health services alone. Read More
Completion rate and reporting of mandatory pediatric postmarketing studies under the US Pediatric Research Equity Act.
Hwang TJ, Orenstein L, Kesselheim AS, Bourgeois FT
JAMA Pediatr. 2018 Nov 19. doi: 10.1001/jamapediatrics.2018.3416. [Epub ahead of print]
This study evaluated the characteristics, completion rate, and transparency of study design and results for mandatory pediatric postmarketing studies required under the Pediatric Research Equity Act. A retrospective cohort study was conducted of pediatric postmarketing studies required for new drugs and new indications approved by the FDA between 2007-2014. During this period, the FDA approved 114 new drugs and new indications, resulting in 222 required pediatric postmarketing clinical studies. As of December 2017, only 33.8% (75/222) of pediatric studies were completed. Rates of completion were significantly lower for efficacy studies compared to pharmacokinetic studies (adjusted hazard ratio, 0.31; 95% CI, 0.12-0.82). At the time of approval, 15.8% of drug approvals had any pediatric efficacy, safety, or dosing information in their labels. After a median duration of follow-up of 6.8, 41.2% of drug labels had any pediatric information. Read More
Association of antipsychotic treatment with risk of unexpected death among children and youths
Ray WA, Stein CM Murray KT, Fuchs DC, Patrick SW, Daugherty J, Hall K, Cooper WO
JAMA Psychiatry. 2018 Dec 12. doi: 10.1001/jamapsychiatry.2018.3421. [Epub ahead of print]
The authors conduct a retrospective cohort study using Tennessee Medicaid data (1999-2014) to compare the risk of unexpected death among children and youths who are beginning treatment with antipsychotic or control medications. This study included 189,361 children and youths in the control group, 28,377 in the lower-dose group (<50 mg chlorpromazine equivalents), and 30,120 in the higher-dose group (>50 mg). In the higher-dose group, the propensity score-adjusted hazard ratios were as follows: all deaths (1.80; 95% CI, 1.06-3.07), deaths due to unintentional injury or suicide (1.03; 95% CI, 0.53-2.01), and unexpected deaths (3.51; 95% CI, 1.54-7.96). The hazard ratio was 3.50 (95% CI, 1.35-9.11) for unexpected deaths not due to overdose and 4.29 (95% CI, 1.33-13.89) for deaths due to cardiovascular or metabolic causes. Neither the unadjusted nor adjusted incidence of death in the lower-dose group differed significantly from that in the control group. The findings suggest that antipsychotic use is associated with increased risk of unexpected death and reinforce recommendations for careful prescribing and monitoring of antipsychotic treatment for children and youths. Read More
Hadland S, Bagley SM, Rodean J, Silverstein M, Levy S, Larochelle MR, Samet JH, Zima BT
JAMA Pediatr. 2018 Nov 1;172(11):1029-1037. doi: 10.1001/jamapediatrics.2018.2143.
Using Medicaid claims data (2014-2015), this study sought to identify the proportion of youths who received treatment for addiction (buprenorphine, naltrexone, or methadone) within 3 months after diagnosis of opioid use disorder (OUD) and to determine whether timely receipt of OUD medications is associated with retention in care. Among the 2837 youths diagnosed with OUD, 52% received behavioral health services and 24% received OUD medications. Only 4.7% of adolescents <18 years and 26.9% of young adults 18-22 years received timely OUD medications. Timely receipt of buprenorphine (adjusted hazard ratio, 0.58; 95% CI, 0.52-0.64), naltrexone (adjusted hazard ratio, 0.54; 95% CI, 0.43-0.69), and methadone (adjusted hazard ratio, 0.32; 95% CI, 0.22-0.47) were each independently associated with lower attrition from treatment compared with receipt of behavioral health services alone. Read More
Completion rate and reporting of mandatory pediatric postmarketing studies under the US Pediatric Research Equity Act.
Hwang TJ, Orenstein L, Kesselheim AS, Bourgeois FT
JAMA Pediatr. 2018 Nov 19. doi: 10.1001/jamapediatrics.2018.3416. [Epub ahead of print]
This study evaluated the characteristics, completion rate, and transparency of study design and results for mandatory pediatric postmarketing studies required under the Pediatric Research Equity Act. A retrospective cohort study was conducted of pediatric postmarketing studies required for new drugs and new indications approved by the FDA between 2007-2014. During this period, the FDA approved 114 new drugs and new indications, resulting in 222 required pediatric postmarketing clinical studies. As of December 2017, only 33.8% (75/222) of pediatric studies were completed. Rates of completion were significantly lower for efficacy studies compared to pharmacokinetic studies (adjusted hazard ratio, 0.31; 95% CI, 0.12-0.82). At the time of approval, 15.8% of drug approvals had any pediatric efficacy, safety, or dosing information in their labels. After a median duration of follow-up of 6.8, 41.2% of drug labels had any pediatric information. Read More
Association of antipsychotic treatment with risk of unexpected death among children and youths
Ray WA, Stein CM Murray KT, Fuchs DC, Patrick SW, Daugherty J, Hall K, Cooper WO
JAMA Psychiatry. 2018 Dec 12. doi: 10.1001/jamapsychiatry.2018.3421. [Epub ahead of print]
The authors conduct a retrospective cohort study using Tennessee Medicaid data (1999-2014) to compare the risk of unexpected death among children and youths who are beginning treatment with antipsychotic or control medications. This study included 189,361 children and youths in the control group, 28,377 in the lower-dose group (<50 mg chlorpromazine equivalents), and 30,120 in the higher-dose group (>50 mg). In the higher-dose group, the propensity score-adjusted hazard ratios were as follows: all deaths (1.80; 95% CI, 1.06-3.07), deaths due to unintentional injury or suicide (1.03; 95% CI, 0.53-2.01), and unexpected deaths (3.51; 95% CI, 1.54-7.96). The hazard ratio was 3.50 (95% CI, 1.35-9.11) for unexpected deaths not due to overdose and 4.29 (95% CI, 1.33-13.89) for deaths due to cardiovascular or metabolic causes. Neither the unadjusted nor adjusted incidence of death in the lower-dose group differed significantly from that in the control group. The findings suggest that antipsychotic use is associated with increased risk of unexpected death and reinforce recommendations for careful prescribing and monitoring of antipsychotic treatment for children and youths. Read More
MArch 2019
Pregnancy
Pregnancy outcomes following quinolone and fluoroquinolone exposure during pregnancy:
A systematic review and meta-analysis.
Acar S, Keskin-Arslan E, Erol-Coskun H, Kaya-Temiz T, Kaplan YC.
Reprod Toxicol. 2019 Feb 7;85:65-74. doi: 10.1016/j.reprotox.2019.02.002. Read More
Pharmacoepidemiology in pregnancy.
Benevent J, Araujo M, Hurault-Delarue C, Montastruc JL, Sommet A, Lacroix I, Damase-Michel C.
Therapie. 2019 Jan 31. pii: S0040-5957(19)30021-6. doi: 10.1016/j.therap.2018.11.014. [http://POMME:%20The%20New%20Cohort%20to%20Evaluate%20Long-Term%20Effects%20After%20Prenatal%20Medicine%20Exposure.]Read more
POMME: The new cohort to evaluate long-term effects after prenatal medicine exposure.
Benevent J, Hurault-Delarue C, Araujo M, Montastruc JL, Lacroix I, Damase-Michel C.
Drug Saf. 2019 Jan;42(1):45-54. doi: 10.1007/s40264-018-0712-9 Read More
Associations between low- and high-dose oral fluconazole and pregnancy outcomes: 3 nested case-control studies.
Bérard A, Sheehy O, Zhao JP, Gorgui J, Bernatsky S(2), de Moura CS, Abrahamowicz M.
CMAJ. 2019 Feb 19;191(7):E179-E187. doi: 10.1503/cmaj.180963. Read More
Identifying signals of potentially harmful medications in pregnancy: use of the double false discovery rate method to adjust for multiple testing.
Cavadino A, Prieto-Merino D, Morris JK.
Br J Clin Pharmacol. 2019 Feb;85(2):356-365. doi: 10.1111/bcp.13799. Epub 2018 Nov 26. Read More
Association of Prenatal Exposure to valproate and other antiepileptic drugs with risk for Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder in offspring.
Christensen J, Pedersen LH, Sun Y, Dreier JW, Brikell I, Dalsgaard S.
JAMA Netw Open. 2019 Jan 4;2(1):e186606. doi: 10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2018.6606 Read More
Adverse pregnancy outcomes and infant mortality after quadrivalent HPV vaccination during pregnancy.
Faber MT, Duun-Henriksen AK, Dehlendorff C, Tatla MK, Munk C,Kjaer SK.
Vaccine. 2019 Jan 7;37(2):265-271. doi: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2018.11.030. Epub 2018 Nov 28. Read More
Associations between use of macrolide antibiotics during pregnancy and adverse child outcomes:
A systematic review and meta-analysis.
Fan H, Li L, Wijlaars L, Gilbert RE.
PLoS One. 2019 Feb 19;14(2):e0212212. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0212212. eCollection 2019. Read More
Surveillance of drug safety during pregnancy: insight in current international activities, future intentions and need for support of national pharmacovigilance centres.
Kant A, de Vries L, Rolfes L.
Drug Saf. 2019 Jan;42(1):35-43. doi: 10.1007/s40264-018-0729-0. Read More
Association between prophylactic low-molecular-weight heparin use in pregnancy and macrosomia: analysis of the Ottawa and Kingston birth cohort.
Lowry DE, Corsi DJ, White RR, Guo M, Lanes A, Smith G, Rodger M, Wen SW, Walker M, Gaudet L.
J Thromb Haemost. 2019 Feb;17(2):345-349. doi: 10.1111/jth.14358. Epub 2019 Jan 8. Read More
Is the association between maternal alcohol consumption in pregnancy and pre-school child behavior and emotional problems causal?
Multiple approaches for controlling unmeasured confounding.
Lund IO, Eilertsen EM, Gjerde LC, Røysamb E, Wood M, Reichborn-Kjennerud T, Ystrom E.
Addiction. 2019 Feb 8. doi: 10.1111/add.14573. Read More
Pregnancy outcomes in women with multiple sclerosis
MacDonald SC, McElrath TF, Hernández-Díaz S.
Am J Epidemiol. 2019 Jan 1;188(1):57-66. doi: 10.1093/aje/kwy197. Read More
The safety of influenza and pertussis vaccination in pregnancy in a cohort of Australian mother-infant pairs, 2012-2015: the FluMum study.
McHugh L, Marshall HS, Perrett KP, Nolan T, Wood N, Lambert SB, Richmond P, Ware RS, Binks P, Binks MJ, Andrews RM.
Clin Infect Dis. 2019 Jan 18;68(3):402-408. doi: 10.1093/cid/ciy517. Read More
Brief report: maternal opioid prescription from preconception through pregnancy and the odds of autism spectrum disorder and autism features in children.
Rubenstein E, Young JC, Croen LA, DiGuiseppi C, Dowling NF, Lee LC, Schieve L, Wiggins LD, Daniels J.
J Autism Dev Disord. 2019 Jan;49(1):376-382. doi: 10.1007/s10803-018-3721-8. Read More
Perinatal risk factors and outcome coding in clinical and administrative databases.
Tawfik DS, Gould JB, Profit J.
Pediatrics. 2019 Jan 9. pii: e20181487. doi: 10.1542/peds.2018-1487. Read More
Use of biologics during pregnancy and risk of serious infections in the mother and baby: a Canadian population-based cohort study.
Tsao NW, Lynd LD, Sayre EC, Sadatsafavi M, Hanley G, De Vera MA.
BMJ Open. 2019 Feb 20;9(2):e023714. doi: 10.1136/bmjopen-2018023714. Read More
Assessment of medication use during pregnancy by Web-based questionnaires, pharmacy records and serum screening.
Van Gelder MMHJ, de Jong LAA, Te Winkel B, Olyslager EJH, Vorstenbosch S, van Puijenbroek EP, Verbeek ALM, Roeleveld N.
Reprod Toxicol. 2019 Mar;84:93-97. doi: 10.1016/j.reprotox.2019.01.002. Epub 2019 Jan 4. Read More
Bipolar disorder and psychotropic medication: Impact on pregnancy and neonatal outcomes.
Wisner KL, Sit D, O'Shea K, Bogen DL, Clark CT, Pinheiro E,Yang A, Ciolino JD.
J Affect Disord. 2019 Jan 15;243:220-225. doi: 10.1016/j.jad.2018.09.045. Epub 2018 Sep 18. Read More
Association between antidepressant use during pregnancy and autism spectrum disorder in children: a retrospective cohort study based on
Japanese claims data.
Yamamoto-Sasaki M, Yoshida S, Takeuchi M, Tanaka-Mizuno S, Ogawa Y, Furukawa TA, Kawakami K
Matern Health Neonatol Perinatol. 2019 Jan 10;5:1. doi: 10.1186/s40748-018-0096-y. eCollection 2019. Read More
A systematic review and meta-analysis.
Acar S, Keskin-Arslan E, Erol-Coskun H, Kaya-Temiz T, Kaplan YC.
Reprod Toxicol. 2019 Feb 7;85:65-74. doi: 10.1016/j.reprotox.2019.02.002. Read More
Pharmacoepidemiology in pregnancy.
Benevent J, Araujo M, Hurault-Delarue C, Montastruc JL, Sommet A, Lacroix I, Damase-Michel C.
Therapie. 2019 Jan 31. pii: S0040-5957(19)30021-6. doi: 10.1016/j.therap.2018.11.014. [http://POMME:%20The%20New%20Cohort%20to%20Evaluate%20Long-Term%20Effects%20After%20Prenatal%20Medicine%20Exposure.]Read more
POMME: The new cohort to evaluate long-term effects after prenatal medicine exposure.
Benevent J, Hurault-Delarue C, Araujo M, Montastruc JL, Lacroix I, Damase-Michel C.
Drug Saf. 2019 Jan;42(1):45-54. doi: 10.1007/s40264-018-0712-9 Read More
Associations between low- and high-dose oral fluconazole and pregnancy outcomes: 3 nested case-control studies.
Bérard A, Sheehy O, Zhao JP, Gorgui J, Bernatsky S(2), de Moura CS, Abrahamowicz M.
CMAJ. 2019 Feb 19;191(7):E179-E187. doi: 10.1503/cmaj.180963. Read More
Identifying signals of potentially harmful medications in pregnancy: use of the double false discovery rate method to adjust for multiple testing.
Cavadino A, Prieto-Merino D, Morris JK.
Br J Clin Pharmacol. 2019 Feb;85(2):356-365. doi: 10.1111/bcp.13799. Epub 2018 Nov 26. Read More
Association of Prenatal Exposure to valproate and other antiepileptic drugs with risk for Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder in offspring.
Christensen J, Pedersen LH, Sun Y, Dreier JW, Brikell I, Dalsgaard S.
JAMA Netw Open. 2019 Jan 4;2(1):e186606. doi: 10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2018.6606 Read More
Adverse pregnancy outcomes and infant mortality after quadrivalent HPV vaccination during pregnancy.
Faber MT, Duun-Henriksen AK, Dehlendorff C, Tatla MK, Munk C,Kjaer SK.
Vaccine. 2019 Jan 7;37(2):265-271. doi: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2018.11.030. Epub 2018 Nov 28. Read More
Associations between use of macrolide antibiotics during pregnancy and adverse child outcomes:
A systematic review and meta-analysis.
Fan H, Li L, Wijlaars L, Gilbert RE.
PLoS One. 2019 Feb 19;14(2):e0212212. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0212212. eCollection 2019. Read More
Surveillance of drug safety during pregnancy: insight in current international activities, future intentions and need for support of national pharmacovigilance centres.
Kant A, de Vries L, Rolfes L.
Drug Saf. 2019 Jan;42(1):35-43. doi: 10.1007/s40264-018-0729-0. Read More
Association between prophylactic low-molecular-weight heparin use in pregnancy and macrosomia: analysis of the Ottawa and Kingston birth cohort.
Lowry DE, Corsi DJ, White RR, Guo M, Lanes A, Smith G, Rodger M, Wen SW, Walker M, Gaudet L.
J Thromb Haemost. 2019 Feb;17(2):345-349. doi: 10.1111/jth.14358. Epub 2019 Jan 8. Read More
Is the association between maternal alcohol consumption in pregnancy and pre-school child behavior and emotional problems causal?
Multiple approaches for controlling unmeasured confounding.
Lund IO, Eilertsen EM, Gjerde LC, Røysamb E, Wood M, Reichborn-Kjennerud T, Ystrom E.
Addiction. 2019 Feb 8. doi: 10.1111/add.14573. Read More
Pregnancy outcomes in women with multiple sclerosis
MacDonald SC, McElrath TF, Hernández-Díaz S.
Am J Epidemiol. 2019 Jan 1;188(1):57-66. doi: 10.1093/aje/kwy197. Read More
The safety of influenza and pertussis vaccination in pregnancy in a cohort of Australian mother-infant pairs, 2012-2015: the FluMum study.
McHugh L, Marshall HS, Perrett KP, Nolan T, Wood N, Lambert SB, Richmond P, Ware RS, Binks P, Binks MJ, Andrews RM.
Clin Infect Dis. 2019 Jan 18;68(3):402-408. doi: 10.1093/cid/ciy517. Read More
Brief report: maternal opioid prescription from preconception through pregnancy and the odds of autism spectrum disorder and autism features in children.
Rubenstein E, Young JC, Croen LA, DiGuiseppi C, Dowling NF, Lee LC, Schieve L, Wiggins LD, Daniels J.
J Autism Dev Disord. 2019 Jan;49(1):376-382. doi: 10.1007/s10803-018-3721-8. Read More
Perinatal risk factors and outcome coding in clinical and administrative databases.
Tawfik DS, Gould JB, Profit J.
Pediatrics. 2019 Jan 9. pii: e20181487. doi: 10.1542/peds.2018-1487. Read More
Use of biologics during pregnancy and risk of serious infections in the mother and baby: a Canadian population-based cohort study.
Tsao NW, Lynd LD, Sayre EC, Sadatsafavi M, Hanley G, De Vera MA.
BMJ Open. 2019 Feb 20;9(2):e023714. doi: 10.1136/bmjopen-2018023714. Read More
Assessment of medication use during pregnancy by Web-based questionnaires, pharmacy records and serum screening.
Van Gelder MMHJ, de Jong LAA, Te Winkel B, Olyslager EJH, Vorstenbosch S, van Puijenbroek EP, Verbeek ALM, Roeleveld N.
Reprod Toxicol. 2019 Mar;84:93-97. doi: 10.1016/j.reprotox.2019.01.002. Epub 2019 Jan 4. Read More
Bipolar disorder and psychotropic medication: Impact on pregnancy and neonatal outcomes.
Wisner KL, Sit D, O'Shea K, Bogen DL, Clark CT, Pinheiro E,Yang A, Ciolino JD.
J Affect Disord. 2019 Jan 15;243:220-225. doi: 10.1016/j.jad.2018.09.045. Epub 2018 Sep 18. Read More
Association between antidepressant use during pregnancy and autism spectrum disorder in children: a retrospective cohort study based on
Japanese claims data.
Yamamoto-Sasaki M, Yoshida S, Takeuchi M, Tanaka-Mizuno S, Ogawa Y, Furukawa TA, Kawakami K
Matern Health Neonatol Perinatol. 2019 Jan 10;5:1. doi: 10.1186/s40748-018-0096-y. eCollection 2019. Read More
Pediatrics
Association of opioid prescriptions from dental clinicians for us adolescents and young adults with subsequent opioid use and abuse.
Schroeder AR, Dehghan M, Newman TB, Bentley JP, Park KT
JAMA Intern Med. 2019 Feb 1;179(2):145-152. doi: 10.1001/jamainternmed.2018.5419. Read More
Variation of the prevalence of pediatric polypharmacy: A scoping review.
Baker C, Feinstein JA, Ma X, Bolen S, Dawson NV, Golchin N, Horace A, Kleinman LC, Meropol SB, Pestana Knight EM, Winterstein AG, Bakaki PM
Pharmacoepidemiol Drug Saf. 2019 Feb 6. doi: 10.1002/pds.4719. Read More
Association between long-term opioid use in family members and persistent opioid use after surgery among adolescents and young adults.
Harbaugh CM, Lee JS, Chua KP, Kenney B, Iwashyna TJ, Englesbe MJ, Brummett CM, Bohnert AS, Waljee JF
JAMA Surg. 2019 Feb 27:e185838. doi: 10.1001/jamasurg.2018.5838. Read More
Central nervous system-active drug abused and overdose in children: a worldwide exploratory study using the WHO pharmacovigilance database
Carnovale C, Mahzar F, Scibelli S, Gentili M, Arzenton E, Moretti U, Leoni O, Pozzi M, Peeters GGAM, Clementi E, Medaglia M,Radice S.
Eur J Pediatr. 2019 Feb;178(2):161-172. doi: 10.1007/s00431-018-3281-0. Epub 2018 Oct 29 Read More
Impact of psychoactive drug use on developing obesity among children and adolescents with autism spectrum diagnosis: a nested case-control study
Croteau C, Ben Amor L, Ilies D, Mottron L, Tarride JE, Dorais M, Perreault S.
Child Obes. 2019 Feb/Mar;15(2):131-141. doi: 10.1089/chi.2018.0170. Epub 2019 Jan 22 Read More
Impact of the priority review voucher program on drug development for rare pediatric disease.
Hwang TJ, Bourgeois FT, Franklin JM, Kesselheim AS
Health Aff (Millwood). 2019 Feb;38(2):313-319. doi: 10.1377/hlthaff.2018.05330 Read More
Development and validation of algorithms to identify newly diagnosed type 1 and type 2 diabetes in pediatric population using electronic medical records and claims data.
Teltsch DY, Fazeli Farsani S, Swain RS, Kaspers S, Huse S, Cristaldi C, Nordstrom BL, Brodovicz KG
Pharmacoepidemiol Drug Saf. 2019 Feb;28(2):234-243. doi: 10.1002/pds.4728. Epub 2019 Jan 24. Read More
Antidepressant prescription patterns and CNS polypharmacy with antidepressants among children, adolescents, and young adults: a population-based study in Sweden
Lagerberg T, Molero Y, D'Onofrio BM, Fernández de la Cruz L, Lichtenstein P, Mataix-Cols D, Rück C, Hellner C, Chang Z
Eur Child Adolesc Psychiatry. 2019 Jan 19. doi: 10.1007/s00787-018-01269-2. [http://Association%20between%20use%20of%20azathioprine%20and%20risk%20of%20acute%20pancreatitis%20in%20children%20with%20inflammatory%20bowel%20disease:%20a%20Swedish-Danish%20nationwide%20cohort%20study.]Read More
Association between use of azathioprine and risk of acute pancreatitis in children with inflammatory bowel disease: a Swedish-Danish nationwide cohort study.
Wintzell V, Svanström H, Olén O, Melbye M, Ludvigsson JF, Pasternak B
Lancet Child Adolesc Health. 2019 Mar;3(3):158-165. doi:10.1016/S2352-4642(18)30401-2. Epub 2019 Jan 24. Read More
Schroeder AR, Dehghan M, Newman TB, Bentley JP, Park KT
JAMA Intern Med. 2019 Feb 1;179(2):145-152. doi: 10.1001/jamainternmed.2018.5419. Read More
Variation of the prevalence of pediatric polypharmacy: A scoping review.
Baker C, Feinstein JA, Ma X, Bolen S, Dawson NV, Golchin N, Horace A, Kleinman LC, Meropol SB, Pestana Knight EM, Winterstein AG, Bakaki PM
Pharmacoepidemiol Drug Saf. 2019 Feb 6. doi: 10.1002/pds.4719. Read More
Association between long-term opioid use in family members and persistent opioid use after surgery among adolescents and young adults.
Harbaugh CM, Lee JS, Chua KP, Kenney B, Iwashyna TJ, Englesbe MJ, Brummett CM, Bohnert AS, Waljee JF
JAMA Surg. 2019 Feb 27:e185838. doi: 10.1001/jamasurg.2018.5838. Read More
Central nervous system-active drug abused and overdose in children: a worldwide exploratory study using the WHO pharmacovigilance database
Carnovale C, Mahzar F, Scibelli S, Gentili M, Arzenton E, Moretti U, Leoni O, Pozzi M, Peeters GGAM, Clementi E, Medaglia M,Radice S.
Eur J Pediatr. 2019 Feb;178(2):161-172. doi: 10.1007/s00431-018-3281-0. Epub 2018 Oct 29 Read More
Impact of psychoactive drug use on developing obesity among children and adolescents with autism spectrum diagnosis: a nested case-control study
Croteau C, Ben Amor L, Ilies D, Mottron L, Tarride JE, Dorais M, Perreault S.
Child Obes. 2019 Feb/Mar;15(2):131-141. doi: 10.1089/chi.2018.0170. Epub 2019 Jan 22 Read More
Impact of the priority review voucher program on drug development for rare pediatric disease.
Hwang TJ, Bourgeois FT, Franklin JM, Kesselheim AS
Health Aff (Millwood). 2019 Feb;38(2):313-319. doi: 10.1377/hlthaff.2018.05330 Read More
Development and validation of algorithms to identify newly diagnosed type 1 and type 2 diabetes in pediatric population using electronic medical records and claims data.
Teltsch DY, Fazeli Farsani S, Swain RS, Kaspers S, Huse S, Cristaldi C, Nordstrom BL, Brodovicz KG
Pharmacoepidemiol Drug Saf. 2019 Feb;28(2):234-243. doi: 10.1002/pds.4728. Epub 2019 Jan 24. Read More
Antidepressant prescription patterns and CNS polypharmacy with antidepressants among children, adolescents, and young adults: a population-based study in Sweden
Lagerberg T, Molero Y, D'Onofrio BM, Fernández de la Cruz L, Lichtenstein P, Mataix-Cols D, Rück C, Hellner C, Chang Z
Eur Child Adolesc Psychiatry. 2019 Jan 19. doi: 10.1007/s00787-018-01269-2. [http://Association%20between%20use%20of%20azathioprine%20and%20risk%20of%20acute%20pancreatitis%20in%20children%20with%20inflammatory%20bowel%20disease:%20a%20Swedish-Danish%20nationwide%20cohort%20study.]Read More
Association between use of azathioprine and risk of acute pancreatitis in children with inflammatory bowel disease: a Swedish-Danish nationwide cohort study.
Wintzell V, Svanström H, Olén O, Melbye M, Ludvigsson JF, Pasternak B
Lancet Child Adolesc Health. 2019 Mar;3(3):158-165. doi:10.1016/S2352-4642(18)30401-2. Epub 2019 Jan 24. Read More
April 2019
Pregnancy
Non-Steroidal Anti-Inflammatory Drug (NSAID) prescriptions from the 6th month of pregnancy: Impact of advice from health authorities.
Araujo M, Hurault-Delarue C, Bouilhac C, Petiot D, Benevent J, Vayssière C, Vidal S, Montastruc JL, Damase-Michel C, Lacroix I. Fundam Clin Pharmacol. 2019 Mar 8. doi: 10.1111/fcp.12460. Read More
Multistate methodology improves risk assessment under time-varying drug intake-a new view on pregnancy outcomes following coumarin exposure.
Bluhmki T, Fietz AK, Stegherr R, Beck E, Padberg S, Beyersmann J, Schaefer C, Meister R
Pharmacoepidemiol Drug Saf. 2019 Mar 3. doi: 10.1002/pds.4710. Read More
Women's beliefs about medicines and adherence to pharmacotherapy in pregnancy: opportunities for community pharmacists?
Ceulemans M, Lupattelli A, Nordeng H, Odalovic M, Twigg M, Foulon V
Curr Pharm Des. 2019 Mar 20. doi: 10.2174/1381612825666190321110420. Read More
Creating the first national linked dataset on perinatal and maternal outcomes in Australia: Methods and challenges.
Cheah SL, Scarf VL, Rossiter C, Thornton C, Homer CSE
J Biomed Inform. 2019 Mar 16:103152. doi: 10.1016/j.jbi.2019.103152. Read More
Stillbirth among women prescribed Nicotine replacement therapy in pregnancy: Analysis of a large UK pregnancy cohort.
Dhalwani NN, Szatkowski L, Coleman T, Fiaschi L, Tata LJ.
Nicotine Tob Res. 2019 Mar 30;21(4):409-415. doi: 10.1093/ntr/nty019. Read More
Use of tumor necrosis factor-alpha inhibitors during pregnancy among women who delivered live born infants.
Eworuke E, Panucci G, Goulding M, Neuner R, Toh S.
Pharmacoepidemiol Drug Saf. 2019 Mar;28(3):296-304. doi: 10.1002/pds.4695. Epub 2018 Nov 14 Read More
Risk of gastroschisis with maternal genitourinary infections: the US National birth defects prevention study 1997-2011.
Feldkamp ML, Arnold KE, Krikov S Reefhuis J, Almli LM, Moore CA, Botto LD.
BMJ Open. 2019 Mar 30;9(3):e026297. doi: 10.1136/bmjopen-2018-026297.Read More
Pharmacoepidemiologic evaluation of birth defects from health-related postings in social media during pregnancy.
Golder S, Chiuve S, Weissenbacher D, Klein A, O'Connor K,
Bland M, Malin M, Bhattacharya M, Scarazzini LJ, Gonzalez-Hernandez G
Drug Saf. 2019 Mar;42(3):389-400. doi: 10.1007/s40264-018-0731-6. Read More
Is the association between pregnancy weight gain and fetal size causal?: A re-examination using a sibling comparison design.
Hutcheon JA, Stephansson O, Cnattingius S, Bodnar LM, Johansson K.
Epidemiology. 2019 Mar;30(2):234-242. doi: 10.1097/EDE.0000000000000959. Read More
Structure and control of healthy worker effects in studies of pregnancy outcomes.
Johnson CY, Rocheleau CM, Grajewski B, Howards PP.
Am J Epidemiol. 2019 Mar 1;188(3):562-569. doi: 10.1093/aje/kwy277. Read More
Use of electronic vapor products before, during, and after pregnancy among women with a recent live birth - Oklahoma and Texas, 2015.
Kapaya M, D'Angelo DV, Tong VT, England L, Ruffo N, Cox S, Warner L, Bombard J, Guthrie T, Lampkins A, King BA.
MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep. 2019 Mar 1;68(8):189-194. doi: 10.15585/mmwr.mm6808a1. Read More
Use of ondansetron during pregnancy and the risk of major congenital malformations: A systematic review and meta-analysis.
Kaplan YC, Richardson JL, Keskin-Arslan E, Erol-Coskun H, Kennedy D
Reprod Toxicol. 2019 Mar 5;86:1-13. doi: 10.1016/j.reprotox.2019.03.001. Read More
Prevalence of selected birth defects by maternal nativity status, United States, 1999-2007
Kirby RS, Mai CT, Wingate MS, Janevic T, Copeland GE, Flood TJ, Isenburg J, Canfield MA; National Birth Defects Prevention Network.
Birth Defects Res. 2019 Mar 28. doi: 10.1002/bdr2.1489. Read More
Association of maternal risk factors with the recent rise of neural tube defects in Canada.
Liu S, Evans J, MacFarlane AJ, Ananth CV, Little J, Kramer
MS, Joseph KS.
Paediatr Perinat Epidemiol. 2019 Mar;33(2):145-153. doi: 10.1111/ppe.12543. Read More
Prenatal exposure to non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) and neurodevelopmental outcomes in children.
Markovic M, Swanson SA, Stricker BH, Jaddoe VWV, Verhulst FC, Tiemeier H, El Marroun H.
Pharmacoepidemiol Drug Saf. 2019 Mar 5. doi: 10.1002/pds.4625. Read More
Birth defects after exposure to efavirenz-based antiretroviral therapy at conception/first trimester of pregnancy: A multicohort analysis.
Martinez de Tejada B; European Pregnancy and Paediatric HIV Cohort Collaboration Study Group.
J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr. 2019 Mar 1;80(3):316-324. doi:
10.1097/QAI.0000000000001922. Read More
Prescribed analgesics in pregnancy and risk of childhood asthma.
Shaheen SO, Lundholm C, Brew BK, Almqvist C.
Eur Respir J. 2019 Mar 17. pii: 1801090. doi: 10.1183/13993003.01090-2018. Read More
Use of benzodiazepine medications during pregnancy and potential risk for birth defects, National Birth Defects Prevention Study, 1997-2011.
Tinker SC, Reefhuis J, Bitsko RH, Gilboa SM, Mitchell AA, Tran EL, Werler MM, Broussard CS; National Birth Defects Prevention Study
Birth Defects Res. 2019 Mar 19. doi: 10.1002/bdr2.1497. Read More
Assessment of medication use during pregnancy by web-based questionnaires, pharmacy records and serum screening.
Van Gelder MMHJ, de Jong LAA, Te Winkel B, Olyslager EJH, Vorstenbosch S, van Puijenbroek EP, Verbeek ALM, Roeleveld N.
Reprod Toxicol. 2019 Mar;84:93-97. doi: 10.1016/j.reprotox.2019.01.002. Epub 2019
Jan 4. Read More
Association between maternal folic acid supplementation and congenital heart defects in offspring in birth cohorts from Denmark and Norway.
Øyen N, Olsen SF, Basit S, Leirgul E, Strøm M,
Carstensen L, Granström C, Tell GS, Magnus P, Vollset SE, Wohlfahrt J, Melbye M.
J Am Heart Assoc. 2019 Mar 19;8(6):e011615. doi: 10.1161/JAHA.118.011615. Read More
Araujo M, Hurault-Delarue C, Bouilhac C, Petiot D, Benevent J, Vayssière C, Vidal S, Montastruc JL, Damase-Michel C, Lacroix I. Fundam Clin Pharmacol. 2019 Mar 8. doi: 10.1111/fcp.12460. Read More
Multistate methodology improves risk assessment under time-varying drug intake-a new view on pregnancy outcomes following coumarin exposure.
Bluhmki T, Fietz AK, Stegherr R, Beck E, Padberg S, Beyersmann J, Schaefer C, Meister R
Pharmacoepidemiol Drug Saf. 2019 Mar 3. doi: 10.1002/pds.4710. Read More
Women's beliefs about medicines and adherence to pharmacotherapy in pregnancy: opportunities for community pharmacists?
Ceulemans M, Lupattelli A, Nordeng H, Odalovic M, Twigg M, Foulon V
Curr Pharm Des. 2019 Mar 20. doi: 10.2174/1381612825666190321110420. Read More
Creating the first national linked dataset on perinatal and maternal outcomes in Australia: Methods and challenges.
Cheah SL, Scarf VL, Rossiter C, Thornton C, Homer CSE
J Biomed Inform. 2019 Mar 16:103152. doi: 10.1016/j.jbi.2019.103152. Read More
Stillbirth among women prescribed Nicotine replacement therapy in pregnancy: Analysis of a large UK pregnancy cohort.
Dhalwani NN, Szatkowski L, Coleman T, Fiaschi L, Tata LJ.
Nicotine Tob Res. 2019 Mar 30;21(4):409-415. doi: 10.1093/ntr/nty019. Read More
Use of tumor necrosis factor-alpha inhibitors during pregnancy among women who delivered live born infants.
Eworuke E, Panucci G, Goulding M, Neuner R, Toh S.
Pharmacoepidemiol Drug Saf. 2019 Mar;28(3):296-304. doi: 10.1002/pds.4695. Epub 2018 Nov 14 Read More
Risk of gastroschisis with maternal genitourinary infections: the US National birth defects prevention study 1997-2011.
Feldkamp ML, Arnold KE, Krikov S Reefhuis J, Almli LM, Moore CA, Botto LD.
BMJ Open. 2019 Mar 30;9(3):e026297. doi: 10.1136/bmjopen-2018-026297.Read More
Pharmacoepidemiologic evaluation of birth defects from health-related postings in social media during pregnancy.
Golder S, Chiuve S, Weissenbacher D, Klein A, O'Connor K,
Bland M, Malin M, Bhattacharya M, Scarazzini LJ, Gonzalez-Hernandez G
Drug Saf. 2019 Mar;42(3):389-400. doi: 10.1007/s40264-018-0731-6. Read More
Is the association between pregnancy weight gain and fetal size causal?: A re-examination using a sibling comparison design.
Hutcheon JA, Stephansson O, Cnattingius S, Bodnar LM, Johansson K.
Epidemiology. 2019 Mar;30(2):234-242. doi: 10.1097/EDE.0000000000000959. Read More
Structure and control of healthy worker effects in studies of pregnancy outcomes.
Johnson CY, Rocheleau CM, Grajewski B, Howards PP.
Am J Epidemiol. 2019 Mar 1;188(3):562-569. doi: 10.1093/aje/kwy277. Read More
Use of electronic vapor products before, during, and after pregnancy among women with a recent live birth - Oklahoma and Texas, 2015.
Kapaya M, D'Angelo DV, Tong VT, England L, Ruffo N, Cox S, Warner L, Bombard J, Guthrie T, Lampkins A, King BA.
MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep. 2019 Mar 1;68(8):189-194. doi: 10.15585/mmwr.mm6808a1. Read More
Use of ondansetron during pregnancy and the risk of major congenital malformations: A systematic review and meta-analysis.
Kaplan YC, Richardson JL, Keskin-Arslan E, Erol-Coskun H, Kennedy D
Reprod Toxicol. 2019 Mar 5;86:1-13. doi: 10.1016/j.reprotox.2019.03.001. Read More
Prevalence of selected birth defects by maternal nativity status, United States, 1999-2007
Kirby RS, Mai CT, Wingate MS, Janevic T, Copeland GE, Flood TJ, Isenburg J, Canfield MA; National Birth Defects Prevention Network.
Birth Defects Res. 2019 Mar 28. doi: 10.1002/bdr2.1489. Read More
Association of maternal risk factors with the recent rise of neural tube defects in Canada.
Liu S, Evans J, MacFarlane AJ, Ananth CV, Little J, Kramer
MS, Joseph KS.
Paediatr Perinat Epidemiol. 2019 Mar;33(2):145-153. doi: 10.1111/ppe.12543. Read More
Prenatal exposure to non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) and neurodevelopmental outcomes in children.
Markovic M, Swanson SA, Stricker BH, Jaddoe VWV, Verhulst FC, Tiemeier H, El Marroun H.
Pharmacoepidemiol Drug Saf. 2019 Mar 5. doi: 10.1002/pds.4625. Read More
Birth defects after exposure to efavirenz-based antiretroviral therapy at conception/first trimester of pregnancy: A multicohort analysis.
Martinez de Tejada B; European Pregnancy and Paediatric HIV Cohort Collaboration Study Group.
J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr. 2019 Mar 1;80(3):316-324. doi:
10.1097/QAI.0000000000001922. Read More
Prescribed analgesics in pregnancy and risk of childhood asthma.
Shaheen SO, Lundholm C, Brew BK, Almqvist C.
Eur Respir J. 2019 Mar 17. pii: 1801090. doi: 10.1183/13993003.01090-2018. Read More
Use of benzodiazepine medications during pregnancy and potential risk for birth defects, National Birth Defects Prevention Study, 1997-2011.
Tinker SC, Reefhuis J, Bitsko RH, Gilboa SM, Mitchell AA, Tran EL, Werler MM, Broussard CS; National Birth Defects Prevention Study
Birth Defects Res. 2019 Mar 19. doi: 10.1002/bdr2.1497. Read More
Assessment of medication use during pregnancy by web-based questionnaires, pharmacy records and serum screening.
Van Gelder MMHJ, de Jong LAA, Te Winkel B, Olyslager EJH, Vorstenbosch S, van Puijenbroek EP, Verbeek ALM, Roeleveld N.
Reprod Toxicol. 2019 Mar;84:93-97. doi: 10.1016/j.reprotox.2019.01.002. Epub 2019
Jan 4. Read More
Association between maternal folic acid supplementation and congenital heart defects in offspring in birth cohorts from Denmark and Norway.
Øyen N, Olsen SF, Basit S, Leirgul E, Strøm M,
Carstensen L, Granström C, Tell GS, Magnus P, Vollset SE, Wohlfahrt J, Melbye M.
J Am Heart Assoc. 2019 Mar 19;8(6):e011615. doi: 10.1161/JAHA.118.011615. Read More
Pediatrics
Chronic medication use in children insured by Medicaid: A multistate retrospective cohort study.
Feinstein JA, Hall M, Antoon JW, Thomson J, Flores JC, Goodman DM, Cohen E, Azuine R, Agrawal R, Houtrow AJ, DeCourcey DD, Kuo DZ, Coller R, Gaur DS, Berry JG.
Pediatrics. 2019 Mar 26. pii: e20183397. doi: 10.1542/peds.2018-3397. Read More
Opioid prescribing habits of general versus pediatric surgeons after uncomplicated laparoscopic appendectomy.
Freedman-Weiss MR, Chiu AS, Solomon DG, Christison-Lagay ER, Ozgediz DE, Cowles RA, Caty MG, Stitelman DH
J Surg Res. 2019 Mar;235:404-409. doi: 10.1016/j.jss.2018.09.085. Epub 2018 Nov 16. Read More
Association between use of azathioprine and risk of acute pancreatitis in children with inflammatory bowel disease: a Swedish-Danish nationwide cohort study.
Wintzell V, Svanström H, Olén O, Melbye M, Ludvigsson JF, Pasternak B.
Lancet Child Adolesc Health. 2019 Mar;3(3):158-165. doi: 10.1016/S2352-4642(18)30401-2. Epub 2019 Jan 24 Read More
Feinstein JA, Hall M, Antoon JW, Thomson J, Flores JC, Goodman DM, Cohen E, Azuine R, Agrawal R, Houtrow AJ, DeCourcey DD, Kuo DZ, Coller R, Gaur DS, Berry JG.
Pediatrics. 2019 Mar 26. pii: e20183397. doi: 10.1542/peds.2018-3397. Read More
Opioid prescribing habits of general versus pediatric surgeons after uncomplicated laparoscopic appendectomy.
Freedman-Weiss MR, Chiu AS, Solomon DG, Christison-Lagay ER, Ozgediz DE, Cowles RA, Caty MG, Stitelman DH
J Surg Res. 2019 Mar;235:404-409. doi: 10.1016/j.jss.2018.09.085. Epub 2018 Nov 16. Read More
Association between use of azathioprine and risk of acute pancreatitis in children with inflammatory bowel disease: a Swedish-Danish nationwide cohort study.
Wintzell V, Svanström H, Olén O, Melbye M, Ludvigsson JF, Pasternak B.
Lancet Child Adolesc Health. 2019 Mar;3(3):158-165. doi: 10.1016/S2352-4642(18)30401-2. Epub 2019 Jan 24 Read More
May 2019
Pregnancy
Maternal Glycemic Control in Type 1 Diabetes and the Risk for Preterm Birth: A Population-Based Cohort Study.
Ludvigsson JF, Neovius M, Söderling J, Gudbjörnsdottir S, Svensson AM, Franzén S, Stephansson O, Pasternak B. Ann Intern Med. 2019 Apr 23. doi: 10.7326/M18-1974. Read More
Association of Maternal Use of Benzodiazepines and Z-Hypnotics During Pregnancy With Motor and Communication Skills and Attention Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder Symptoms in Preschoolers.
Lupattelli A, Chambers CD, Bandoli G, Handal M, Skurtveit S, Nordeng H. JAMA Netw Open. 2019 Apr 5;2(4):e191435. doi: 10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2019.1435. Read More
Pregnancy outcomes in patients with multiple sclerosis treated with teriflunomide: Clinical study data and 5 years of post marketing experience. Vukusic S, Coyle PK, Jurgensen S, Truffinet P, Benamor M, Afsar S, Purvis A, Poole EM, Chambers C
Mult Scler. 2019 Apr 10:1352458519843055. doi: 10.1177/1352458519843055. Read More
Advances in Epidemiological Methods and Utilisation of Large Databases: A Methodological Review of Observational Studies on Central Nervous System Drug Use in Pregnancy and Central Nervous System Outcomes in Children.
Wang Z, Ho PWH, Choy MTH, Wong ICK, Brauer R, Man KKC
Drug Saf. 2019 Apr;42(4):499-513. doi: 10.1007/s40264-018-0755-y. Read More
Ludvigsson JF, Neovius M, Söderling J, Gudbjörnsdottir S, Svensson AM, Franzén S, Stephansson O, Pasternak B. Ann Intern Med. 2019 Apr 23. doi: 10.7326/M18-1974. Read More
Association of Maternal Use of Benzodiazepines and Z-Hypnotics During Pregnancy With Motor and Communication Skills and Attention Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder Symptoms in Preschoolers.
Lupattelli A, Chambers CD, Bandoli G, Handal M, Skurtveit S, Nordeng H. JAMA Netw Open. 2019 Apr 5;2(4):e191435. doi: 10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2019.1435. Read More
Pregnancy outcomes in patients with multiple sclerosis treated with teriflunomide: Clinical study data and 5 years of post marketing experience. Vukusic S, Coyle PK, Jurgensen S, Truffinet P, Benamor M, Afsar S, Purvis A, Poole EM, Chambers C
Mult Scler. 2019 Apr 10:1352458519843055. doi: 10.1177/1352458519843055. Read More
Advances in Epidemiological Methods and Utilisation of Large Databases: A Methodological Review of Observational Studies on Central Nervous System Drug Use in Pregnancy and Central Nervous System Outcomes in Children.
Wang Z, Ho PWH, Choy MTH, Wong ICK, Brauer R, Man KKC
Drug Saf. 2019 Apr;42(4):499-513. doi: 10.1007/s40264-018-0755-y. Read More
Pediatrics
Examining the heterogeneity of treatment patterns in attention deficit hyperactivity disorder among children and adolescents in the Texas Medicaid population: modeling suboptimal treatment response.
Grebla R, Setyawan J, Park C, Richards KM, Nwokeji ED, PawaskarM, Erder MH, Lawson KA.
J Med Econ. 2019 Apr 15:1. doi: 10.1080/13696998.2019.1606814. Read more
Association of In Vitro Fertilization With Childhood Cancer in the United States
Spector LG, Brown MB, Wantman E, Letterie GS, Toner JP, Doody K, Ginsburg E, Williams M, Koch L, Schymura MJ, Luke B.
JAMA Pediatr. 2019 Apr 1:e190392. doi: 10.1001/jamapediatrics.2019.0392. Read More
Pediatric drug safety signal detection of non-chemotherapy drug-induced neutropenia and agranulocytosis using electronic healthcare records.
Wei R, Jia LL, Yu YC, Nie XL, Song ZY, Fan DF, Xie YF, Peng XX, Zhao ZG, Wang XL.
Expert Opin Drug Saf. 2019 Apr 19:1-7. doi: 10.1080/14740338.2019.1604682. Read More
Grebla R, Setyawan J, Park C, Richards KM, Nwokeji ED, PawaskarM, Erder MH, Lawson KA.
J Med Econ. 2019 Apr 15:1. doi: 10.1080/13696998.2019.1606814. Read more
Association of In Vitro Fertilization With Childhood Cancer in the United States
Spector LG, Brown MB, Wantman E, Letterie GS, Toner JP, Doody K, Ginsburg E, Williams M, Koch L, Schymura MJ, Luke B.
JAMA Pediatr. 2019 Apr 1:e190392. doi: 10.1001/jamapediatrics.2019.0392. Read More
Pediatric drug safety signal detection of non-chemotherapy drug-induced neutropenia and agranulocytosis using electronic healthcare records.
Wei R, Jia LL, Yu YC, Nie XL, Song ZY, Fan DF, Xie YF, Peng XX, Zhao ZG, Wang XL.
Expert Opin Drug Saf. 2019 Apr 19:1-7. doi: 10.1080/14740338.2019.1604682. Read More
JUNE/July 2019
Pregnancy
Predicting common maternal postpartum complications: leveraging health administrative data and machine learning. Betts KS, Kisely S, Alati R. BJOG.
2019 May;126(6):702-709. doi: 10.1111/1471-0528.15607. Read More
Multistate methodology improves risk assessment under time-varying drug intake-a new view on pregnancy outcomes following coumarin exposure.
Bluhmki T, Fietz AK, Stegherr R, Beck E, Padberg S, Beyersmann J, Schaefer C, Meister R.
Pharmacoepidemiol Drug Saf. 2019 May;28(5):616-624. doi: 10.1002/pds.4710. Read More
Creating the first national linked dataset on perinatal and maternal outcomes in Australia: methods and challenges. Cheah SL, Scarf VL, Rossiter C, Thornton C, Homer CSE. J Biomed Inform. 2019 May;93:103152. doi: 10.1016/j.jbi.2019.103152. Read More
Accuracy of a mixed effects model interpolation technique for the estimation of pregnancy weight values. Darling AM, Werler MM, Cantonwine DE, Fawzi WW, McElrath TF.
J Epidemiol Community Health. 2019 May 31. pii: jech-2018-211094. doi: 10.1136/jech-2018-211094. Read More
Use of real-world evidence from healthcare utilization data to evaluate drug safety during pregnancy.
Huybrechts KF, Bateman BT, Hernández-Díaz S.
Pharmacoepidemiol Drug Saf. 2019 May 10. doi: 10.1002/pds.4789. Read More
Trajectories of antipsychotic use before and during pregnancy and associated maternal and birth characteristics. Schaffer AL, Zoega H, Tran DT, Buckley NA, Pearson S, Havard A.
Aust N Z J Psychiatry. 2019 May 15:4867419847764. doi: 10.1177/0004867419847764. Read More
Levetiracetam pregnancy registry: final results and a review of the impact of registry methodology and definitions on the prevalence of major congenital malformations. Scheuerle AE, Holmes LB, Albano JD, Badalamenti V, Battino D, Covington D, Harden C, Miller D, Montouris GD, Pantaleoni C, Thorp J, Tofighy A, Tomson T, Golembesky AK.
Birth Defects Res. 2019 May 23. doi: 10.1002/bdr2.1526. Read More
Direct-acting oral anticoagulants (DOACs) in pregnancy: new insight from VigiBase®.
Sessa M, Mascolo A, Callréus T, Capuano A, Rossi F, Andersen M.
Sci Rep. 2019 May 10;9(1):7236. doi: 10.1038/s41598-019-43715-4. Read More
Prescribed analgesics in pregnancy and risk of childhood asthma.
Shaheen SO, Lundholm C, Brew BK, Almqvist C.
Eur Respir J. 2019 May 18;53(5). pii: 1801090. doi: 10.1183/13993003.01090-2018. Print 2019 May. Read More
2019 May;126(6):702-709. doi: 10.1111/1471-0528.15607. Read More
Multistate methodology improves risk assessment under time-varying drug intake-a new view on pregnancy outcomes following coumarin exposure.
Bluhmki T, Fietz AK, Stegherr R, Beck E, Padberg S, Beyersmann J, Schaefer C, Meister R.
Pharmacoepidemiol Drug Saf. 2019 May;28(5):616-624. doi: 10.1002/pds.4710. Read More
Creating the first national linked dataset on perinatal and maternal outcomes in Australia: methods and challenges. Cheah SL, Scarf VL, Rossiter C, Thornton C, Homer CSE. J Biomed Inform. 2019 May;93:103152. doi: 10.1016/j.jbi.2019.103152. Read More
Accuracy of a mixed effects model interpolation technique for the estimation of pregnancy weight values. Darling AM, Werler MM, Cantonwine DE, Fawzi WW, McElrath TF.
J Epidemiol Community Health. 2019 May 31. pii: jech-2018-211094. doi: 10.1136/jech-2018-211094. Read More
Use of real-world evidence from healthcare utilization data to evaluate drug safety during pregnancy.
Huybrechts KF, Bateman BT, Hernández-Díaz S.
Pharmacoepidemiol Drug Saf. 2019 May 10. doi: 10.1002/pds.4789. Read More
Trajectories of antipsychotic use before and during pregnancy and associated maternal and birth characteristics. Schaffer AL, Zoega H, Tran DT, Buckley NA, Pearson S, Havard A.
Aust N Z J Psychiatry. 2019 May 15:4867419847764. doi: 10.1177/0004867419847764. Read More
Levetiracetam pregnancy registry: final results and a review of the impact of registry methodology and definitions on the prevalence of major congenital malformations. Scheuerle AE, Holmes LB, Albano JD, Badalamenti V, Battino D, Covington D, Harden C, Miller D, Montouris GD, Pantaleoni C, Thorp J, Tofighy A, Tomson T, Golembesky AK.
Birth Defects Res. 2019 May 23. doi: 10.1002/bdr2.1526. Read More
Direct-acting oral anticoagulants (DOACs) in pregnancy: new insight from VigiBase®.
Sessa M, Mascolo A, Callréus T, Capuano A, Rossi F, Andersen M.
Sci Rep. 2019 May 10;9(1):7236. doi: 10.1038/s41598-019-43715-4. Read More
Prescribed analgesics in pregnancy and risk of childhood asthma.
Shaheen SO, Lundholm C, Brew BK, Almqvist C.
Eur Respir J. 2019 May 18;53(5). pii: 1801090. doi: 10.1183/13993003.01090-2018. Print 2019 May. Read More
Pediatrics
Association between parental medical claims for opioid prescriptions and risk of suicide attempt by their children.
Brent DA, Hur K, Gibbons RD.
JAMA Psychiatry. 2019 May 22. doi: 10.1001/jamapsychiatry.2019.0940. Read more
Dose, timing, and type of infant antibiotic use and the risk of childhood asthma.
Donovan BM, Abreo A, Ding T, Gebretsadik T, Turi KN, Yu C, Ding J, Dupont WD, Stone CA, Hartert TV, Wu P.
Clin Infect Dis. 2019 May 31. pii: ciz448. doi: 10.1093/cid/ciz448. Read More
Brent DA, Hur K, Gibbons RD.
JAMA Psychiatry. 2019 May 22. doi: 10.1001/jamapsychiatry.2019.0940. Read more
Dose, timing, and type of infant antibiotic use and the risk of childhood asthma.
Donovan BM, Abreo A, Ding T, Gebretsadik T, Turi KN, Yu C, Ding J, Dupont WD, Stone CA, Hartert TV, Wu P.
Clin Infect Dis. 2019 May 31. pii: ciz448. doi: 10.1093/cid/ciz448. Read More
August 2019
Pregnancy
Prevalence of maternal mental illness among children and adolescents in the UK between 2005 and 2017: a national retrospective cohort analysis.
Abel KM, Hope H, Swift E, Parisi R, Ashcroft DM, Kosidou K, Osam CS, Dalman C, Pierce M.Lancet Public Health. 2019 Jun;4(6):e291-e300. doi: 10.1016/S2468-2667(19)30059-3. Read More
The impact of CenteringPregnancy group prenatal care on birth outcomes in Medicaid eligible women. Abshire C, Mcdowell M, Crockett AH, Fleischer NL.
J Womens Health (Larchmt). 2019 Jul;28(7):919-928. doi: 10.1089/jwh.2018.7469. Read More
Prenatal risk factors and perinatal and postnatal outcomes associated with maternal opioid exposure in an urban, low-income, multiethnic US population.
Azuine RE, Ji Y, Chang HY, Kim Y, Ji H, DiBari J, Hong X, Wang G, Singh GK, Pearson C, Zuckerman B, Surkan PJ, Wang X.
JAMA Netw Open. 2019 Jun 5;2(6):e196405. doi: 10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2019.6405. Read More
β-blocker use in pregnancy and the risk for congenital malformations.
Bateman BT, Huybrechts KF, Hernandez-Diaz S, Kieler H, Zoega H.
Ann Intern Med. 2019 Jun 18;170(12):909-910. doi: 10.7326/L19-0157. Read More
Future risk of cardiovascular disease risk factors and events in women after a hypertensive disorder of pregnancy. Benschop L, Duvekot JJ, Roeters van Lennep JE.
Heart. 2019 Aug;105(16):1273-1278. doi: 10.1136/heartjnl-2018-313453. Read More
Medication use and pain management in pregnancy: A critical review.
Black E, Khor KE, Kennedy D, Chutatape A, Sharma S, Vancaillie T, Demirkol A.
Pain Pract. 2019 Jun 26. doi: 10.1111/papr.12814. Read More
Risks of 23 specific malformations associated with prenatal exposure to 10 antiepileptic drugs.
Blotière PO, Raguideau F, Weill A, Elefant E, Perthus I, Goulet V, Rouget F, Zureik M, Coste J, Dray-Spira R. Neurology. 2019 Jul 9;93(2):e167-e180. doi: 10.1212/WNL.0000000000007696. Read More
Impact of antidepressant use, discontinuation, and dosage modification on maternal depression during pregnancy.
Bérard A, Sheehy O, Zhao JP, Chambers C, Roth M, Bozzo P, Johnson D, Kao K, Lavigne S, Wolfe L, Quinn D, Dieter K; MotherToBaby Collaborative Research Committee.
Eur Neuropsychopharmacol. 2019 Jul;29(7):803-812. doi: 10.1016/j.euroneuro.2019.06.007. Read More
Adherence to clinical evaluations in women with pre-existing diabetes during pregnancy: A call to action from an Italian real-life investigation.
Cantarutti A, Rea F, Locatelli A, Merlino L, Lundin R, Perseghin G, Corrao G.
Diabetes Res Clin Pract. 2019 Jun 17;154:1-8. doi: 10.1016/j.diabres.2019.06.006. Read More
Poorly controlled asthma during pregnancy remains common in the United States.
Cohen JM, Bateman BT, Huybrechts KF, Mogun H, Yland J, Schatz M, Wurst KE, Hernandez-Diaz S. J Allergy Clin Immunol Pract. 2019 Jun 27. doi: 10.1016/j.jaip.2019.05.043. Read More
Anticonvulsant mood stabilizer and lithium use and risk of adverse pregnancy outcomes.
Cohen JM, Huybrechts KF, Patorno E, Desai RJ, Mogun H, Bateman BT, Hernández-Díaz S. J Clin Psychiatry. 2019 Jun 18;80(4). doi: 10.4088/JCP.18m12572. Read More
Association between self-reported prenatal cannabis use and maternal, perinatal, and neonatal outcomes.
Corsi DJ, Walsh L, Weiss D, Hsu H, El-Chaar D, Hawken S, Fell DB, Walker M. JAMA. 2019 Jun 18. doi: 10.1001/jama.2019.8734. Read More
Systematic exploration of local reviews of the care of maternal deaths in the UK and Ireland between 2012 and 2014: a case note review study.
Cross-Sudworth F, Knight M, Goodwin L, Kenyon S.
BMJ Open. 2019 Jun 29;9(6):e029552. doi: 10.1136/bmjopen-2019-029552. Read More
Optimal timing of influenza vaccine during pregnancy: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Cuningham W, Geard N, Fielding JE, Braat S, Madhi SA, Nunes MC, Christian LM, Lin SY, Lee CN, Yamaguchi K, Bisgaard H, Chawes B, Chao AS, Blanchard-Rohner G, Schlaudecker EP, Fisher BM, McVernon J, Moss R.
Influenza Other Respir Viruses. 2019 Jun 5. doi: 10.1111/irv.12649. Read More
A comorbidity-based screening tool to predict severe maternal morbidity at the time of delivery.
Easter SR, Bateman BT, Sweeney VH, Manganaro K, Lassey SC, Gagne JJ, Robinson JN.
Am J Obstet Gynecol. 2019 Jun 20. doi: 10.1016/j.ajog.2019.06.025. Read More
Using infant mortality data to improve maternal and child health programs: An application of statistical process control techniques for rare events.
Finnerty P, Provost L, O'Donnell E, Selk S, Stephens K, Kim J, Berns S.
Matern Child Health J. 2019 Jun;23(6):739-745. doi: 10.1007/s10995-018-02710-3. Read More
Maternal drug-related death and suicide are leading causes of post-partum death in California.
Goldman-Mellor S, Margerison CE. Am J Obstet Gynecol.
2019 Jun 4. doi: 10.1016/j.ajog.2019.05.045. Read More
Maternal serum lipid trajectories and association with pregnancy loss and length of gestation.
Grantz KL, Elmi A, Pugh SJ, Catov J, Sjaarda L, Albert PS.
Am J Perinatol. 2019 Jun 2. doi: 10.1055/s-0039-1689000. Read More
Association of conventional cardiovascular risk factors with cardiovascular disease after hypertensive disorders of pregnancy: Analysis of the Nord-Trøndelag Health Study.
Haug EB, Horn J, Markovitz AR, Fraser A, Klykken B, Dalen H, Vatten LJ, Romundstad PR, Rich-Edwards JW, Åsvold BO.
JAMA Cardiol. 2019 Jun 12. doi: 10.1001/jamacardio.2019.1746. Read More
What do women in Medicaid say about enhanced prenatal care? Findings from the national Strong Start evaluation.
Hill I, Cross-Barnet C, Courtot B, Benatar S, Thornburgh S. Birth.
2019 Jun;46(2):244-252. doi: 10.1111/birt.12431. Read More
Maternal thyroid function during pregnancy and child brain morphology: a time window-specific analysis of a prospective cohort.
Jansen TA, Korevaar TIM, Mulder TA, White T, Muetzel RL, Peeters RP, Tiemeier H.
Lancet Diabetes Endocrinol. 2019 Aug;7(8):629-637. doi: 10.1016/S2213-8587(19)30153-6. Read More
Maternal morbidity by attempted route of delivery in periviable birth.
Kawakita T, Sondheimer T, Jelin A, Reddy UM, Landy HJ, Huang CC, Ramsey PS, Kominiarek MA, Grantz KL.
J Matern Fetal Neonatal Med. 2019 Jun 26:1-8. doi: 10.1080/14767058.2019.1631792. Read More
Maternal metabolic complications in pregnancy and offspring behavior problems at 2 years of age. Krzeczkowski JE, Lau A, Fitzpatrick J, Tamana S, Smithson L, de Souza R, Kozyrskyj AL, Lefebvre D, Becker AB, Subbarao P, Turvey SE, Pei J, Schmidt LA, Sears MR, Van Lieshout RJ, Mandhane PJ; CHILD Study Investigators. Matern Child Health J. 2019 Jun;23(6):746-755. doi: 10.1007/s10995-018-2691-y. Read More
Prenatal testosterone exposure is associated with delay of gratification and attention problems/overactive behavior in 3-year-old boys.
Körner LM, Pause BM, Meinlschmidt G, Tegethoff M, Fröhlich S, Kozlowski P, Rivet N, Jamey C, Reix N, Kintz P, Raul JS, Heil M.
Psychoneuroendocrinology. 2019 Jun;104:49-54. doi: 10.1016/j.psyneuen.2019.02.014. Read More
Effect of the Medicaid primary care rate increase on prenatal care utilization among Medicaid-insured women.
Li J, Pesko MF, Unruh MA, Jung HY.
Matern Child Health J. 2019 Jun 25. doi: 10.1007/s10995-019-02804-6. Read More
Prenatal exposure to acetaminophen and overweight in childhood.
Liew Z, Nohr EA, Morgen CS, Ernst A, Li J, Sørensen TIA, Olsen J.
Obesity (Silver Spring). 2019 Aug;27(8):1314-1322. doi: 10.1002/oby.22526. Read More
Severe acute maternal morbidity in twin compared with singleton pregnancies.
Madar H, Goffinet F, Seco A, Rozenberg P, Dupont C, Deneux-Tharaux C. Obstet Gynecol. 2019 Jun;133(6):1141-1150. doi: 10.1097/AOG.0000000000003261. Read More
Birth outcomes in Aboriginal mother-infant pairs from the Northern Territory, Australia, who received 23-valent polysaccharide pneumococcal vaccination during pregnancy, 2006-2011: The PneuMum randomised controlled trial.
McHugh L, Binks M, Ware RS, Snelling T, Nelson S, Nelson J, Dunbar M, Mulholland EK, Andrews RM.
Aust N Z J Obstet Gynaecol. 2019 Jun 14. doi: 10.1111/ajo.13002. Read More
Epidemiology of perinatal HIV transmission in the United States in the era of its elimination.
Nesheim SR, FitzHarris LF, Mahle Gray K, Lampe MA.
Pediatr Infect Dis J. 2019 Jun;38(6):611-616. doi: 10.1097/INF.0000000000002290. Read More
Maternal and infant pregnancy outcomes in women with psoriatic arthritis: A Swedish nationwide cohort study.
Remaeus K, Stephansson O, Johansson K, Granath F, Hellgren K. BJOG. 2019 Jun 12. doi: 10.1111/1471-0528.15836. Read More
Maternal Immunization and Antenatal Care Situation Analysis (MIACSA) study protocol: A multiregional, cross-sectional analysis of maternal immunization delivery strategies to reduce maternal and neonatal morbidity and mortality.
Roos N, Lambach P, Mantel C, Mason E, Muñoz FM, Giles M, Moran A, Hombach J, Diaz T; MIACSA expert advisory panel group.
BMJ Open. 2019 Jun 4;9(6):e024449. doi: 10.1136/bmjopen-2018-024449. Read More
Pregnancy-associated death in Utah: Contribution of drug-induced deaths.
Smid MC, Stone NM, Baksh L, Debbink MP, Einerson BD, Varner MW, Gordon AJ, Clark EAS. Obstet Gynecol. 2019 Jun;133(6):1131-1140. doi: 10.1097/AOG.0000000000003279. Read More
Preconception health in England: A proposal for annual reporting with core metrics.
Stephenson J, Vogel C, Hall J, Hutchinson J, Mann S, Duncan H, Woods-Townsend K, de Lusignan S, Poston L, Cade J, Godfrey K, Hanson M, Barrett G, Barker M, Conti G, Shannon G, Colbourn T; Preconception Partnership.
Lancet. 2019 Jun 1;393(10187):2262-2271. doi: 10.1016/S0140-6736(19)30954-7. Read More
Impact of prenatal exposure to benzodiazepines and z-hypnotics on behavioral problems at 5 years of age: A study from the Norwegian Mother and Child Cohort Study. Sundbakk LM, Wood M, Gran JM, Nordeng H. PLoS One. 2019 Jun 6;14(6):e0217830. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0217830. Read More
Associations of pregnancy-related factors and birth characteristics with risk of endometrial cancer: A Nordic population-based case-control study.
Trabert B, Troisi R, Grotmol T, Ekbom A, Engeland A, Gissler M, Glimelius I, Madanat-Harjuoja L, Sørensen HT, Tretli S, Gulbech Ording A, Bjørge T.
Int J Cancer. 2019 Jun 7. doi: 10.1002/ijc.32494. Read More
Transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) for depression in pregnancy: A pilot randomized controlled trial.
Vigod SN, Murphy KE, Dennis CL, Oberlander TF, Ray JG, Daskalakis ZJ, Blumberger DM. Brain Stimul. 2019 Jun 19. doi: 10.1016/j.brs.2019.06.019. Read More
Maternal stroke: An update.
Zambrano MD, Miller EC.
Curr Atheroscler Rep. 2019 Jun 22;21(9):33. doi: 10.1007/s11883-019-0798-2. Read More
Association of prenatal antibiotics with measures of infant adiposity and the gut microbiome.
Zhang M, Differding MK, Benjamin-Neelon SE, Østbye T, Hoyo C, Mueller NT.
Ann Clin Microbiol Antimicrob. 2019 Jun 21;18(1):18. doi: 10.1186/s12941-019-0318-9. Read More
Abel KM, Hope H, Swift E, Parisi R, Ashcroft DM, Kosidou K, Osam CS, Dalman C, Pierce M.Lancet Public Health. 2019 Jun;4(6):e291-e300. doi: 10.1016/S2468-2667(19)30059-3. Read More
The impact of CenteringPregnancy group prenatal care on birth outcomes in Medicaid eligible women. Abshire C, Mcdowell M, Crockett AH, Fleischer NL.
J Womens Health (Larchmt). 2019 Jul;28(7):919-928. doi: 10.1089/jwh.2018.7469. Read More
Prenatal risk factors and perinatal and postnatal outcomes associated with maternal opioid exposure in an urban, low-income, multiethnic US population.
Azuine RE, Ji Y, Chang HY, Kim Y, Ji H, DiBari J, Hong X, Wang G, Singh GK, Pearson C, Zuckerman B, Surkan PJ, Wang X.
JAMA Netw Open. 2019 Jun 5;2(6):e196405. doi: 10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2019.6405. Read More
β-blocker use in pregnancy and the risk for congenital malformations.
Bateman BT, Huybrechts KF, Hernandez-Diaz S, Kieler H, Zoega H.
Ann Intern Med. 2019 Jun 18;170(12):909-910. doi: 10.7326/L19-0157. Read More
Future risk of cardiovascular disease risk factors and events in women after a hypertensive disorder of pregnancy. Benschop L, Duvekot JJ, Roeters van Lennep JE.
Heart. 2019 Aug;105(16):1273-1278. doi: 10.1136/heartjnl-2018-313453. Read More
Medication use and pain management in pregnancy: A critical review.
Black E, Khor KE, Kennedy D, Chutatape A, Sharma S, Vancaillie T, Demirkol A.
Pain Pract. 2019 Jun 26. doi: 10.1111/papr.12814. Read More
Risks of 23 specific malformations associated with prenatal exposure to 10 antiepileptic drugs.
Blotière PO, Raguideau F, Weill A, Elefant E, Perthus I, Goulet V, Rouget F, Zureik M, Coste J, Dray-Spira R. Neurology. 2019 Jul 9;93(2):e167-e180. doi: 10.1212/WNL.0000000000007696. Read More
Impact of antidepressant use, discontinuation, and dosage modification on maternal depression during pregnancy.
Bérard A, Sheehy O, Zhao JP, Chambers C, Roth M, Bozzo P, Johnson D, Kao K, Lavigne S, Wolfe L, Quinn D, Dieter K; MotherToBaby Collaborative Research Committee.
Eur Neuropsychopharmacol. 2019 Jul;29(7):803-812. doi: 10.1016/j.euroneuro.2019.06.007. Read More
Adherence to clinical evaluations in women with pre-existing diabetes during pregnancy: A call to action from an Italian real-life investigation.
Cantarutti A, Rea F, Locatelli A, Merlino L, Lundin R, Perseghin G, Corrao G.
Diabetes Res Clin Pract. 2019 Jun 17;154:1-8. doi: 10.1016/j.diabres.2019.06.006. Read More
Poorly controlled asthma during pregnancy remains common in the United States.
Cohen JM, Bateman BT, Huybrechts KF, Mogun H, Yland J, Schatz M, Wurst KE, Hernandez-Diaz S. J Allergy Clin Immunol Pract. 2019 Jun 27. doi: 10.1016/j.jaip.2019.05.043. Read More
Anticonvulsant mood stabilizer and lithium use and risk of adverse pregnancy outcomes.
Cohen JM, Huybrechts KF, Patorno E, Desai RJ, Mogun H, Bateman BT, Hernández-Díaz S. J Clin Psychiatry. 2019 Jun 18;80(4). doi: 10.4088/JCP.18m12572. Read More
Association between self-reported prenatal cannabis use and maternal, perinatal, and neonatal outcomes.
Corsi DJ, Walsh L, Weiss D, Hsu H, El-Chaar D, Hawken S, Fell DB, Walker M. JAMA. 2019 Jun 18. doi: 10.1001/jama.2019.8734. Read More
Systematic exploration of local reviews of the care of maternal deaths in the UK and Ireland between 2012 and 2014: a case note review study.
Cross-Sudworth F, Knight M, Goodwin L, Kenyon S.
BMJ Open. 2019 Jun 29;9(6):e029552. doi: 10.1136/bmjopen-2019-029552. Read More
Optimal timing of influenza vaccine during pregnancy: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Cuningham W, Geard N, Fielding JE, Braat S, Madhi SA, Nunes MC, Christian LM, Lin SY, Lee CN, Yamaguchi K, Bisgaard H, Chawes B, Chao AS, Blanchard-Rohner G, Schlaudecker EP, Fisher BM, McVernon J, Moss R.
Influenza Other Respir Viruses. 2019 Jun 5. doi: 10.1111/irv.12649. Read More
A comorbidity-based screening tool to predict severe maternal morbidity at the time of delivery.
Easter SR, Bateman BT, Sweeney VH, Manganaro K, Lassey SC, Gagne JJ, Robinson JN.
Am J Obstet Gynecol. 2019 Jun 20. doi: 10.1016/j.ajog.2019.06.025. Read More
Using infant mortality data to improve maternal and child health programs: An application of statistical process control techniques for rare events.
Finnerty P, Provost L, O'Donnell E, Selk S, Stephens K, Kim J, Berns S.
Matern Child Health J. 2019 Jun;23(6):739-745. doi: 10.1007/s10995-018-02710-3. Read More
Maternal drug-related death and suicide are leading causes of post-partum death in California.
Goldman-Mellor S, Margerison CE. Am J Obstet Gynecol.
2019 Jun 4. doi: 10.1016/j.ajog.2019.05.045. Read More
Maternal serum lipid trajectories and association with pregnancy loss and length of gestation.
Grantz KL, Elmi A, Pugh SJ, Catov J, Sjaarda L, Albert PS.
Am J Perinatol. 2019 Jun 2. doi: 10.1055/s-0039-1689000. Read More
Association of conventional cardiovascular risk factors with cardiovascular disease after hypertensive disorders of pregnancy: Analysis of the Nord-Trøndelag Health Study.
Haug EB, Horn J, Markovitz AR, Fraser A, Klykken B, Dalen H, Vatten LJ, Romundstad PR, Rich-Edwards JW, Åsvold BO.
JAMA Cardiol. 2019 Jun 12. doi: 10.1001/jamacardio.2019.1746. Read More
What do women in Medicaid say about enhanced prenatal care? Findings from the national Strong Start evaluation.
Hill I, Cross-Barnet C, Courtot B, Benatar S, Thornburgh S. Birth.
2019 Jun;46(2):244-252. doi: 10.1111/birt.12431. Read More
Maternal thyroid function during pregnancy and child brain morphology: a time window-specific analysis of a prospective cohort.
Jansen TA, Korevaar TIM, Mulder TA, White T, Muetzel RL, Peeters RP, Tiemeier H.
Lancet Diabetes Endocrinol. 2019 Aug;7(8):629-637. doi: 10.1016/S2213-8587(19)30153-6. Read More
Maternal morbidity by attempted route of delivery in periviable birth.
Kawakita T, Sondheimer T, Jelin A, Reddy UM, Landy HJ, Huang CC, Ramsey PS, Kominiarek MA, Grantz KL.
J Matern Fetal Neonatal Med. 2019 Jun 26:1-8. doi: 10.1080/14767058.2019.1631792. Read More
Maternal metabolic complications in pregnancy and offspring behavior problems at 2 years of age. Krzeczkowski JE, Lau A, Fitzpatrick J, Tamana S, Smithson L, de Souza R, Kozyrskyj AL, Lefebvre D, Becker AB, Subbarao P, Turvey SE, Pei J, Schmidt LA, Sears MR, Van Lieshout RJ, Mandhane PJ; CHILD Study Investigators. Matern Child Health J. 2019 Jun;23(6):746-755. doi: 10.1007/s10995-018-2691-y. Read More
Prenatal testosterone exposure is associated with delay of gratification and attention problems/overactive behavior in 3-year-old boys.
Körner LM, Pause BM, Meinlschmidt G, Tegethoff M, Fröhlich S, Kozlowski P, Rivet N, Jamey C, Reix N, Kintz P, Raul JS, Heil M.
Psychoneuroendocrinology. 2019 Jun;104:49-54. doi: 10.1016/j.psyneuen.2019.02.014. Read More
Effect of the Medicaid primary care rate increase on prenatal care utilization among Medicaid-insured women.
Li J, Pesko MF, Unruh MA, Jung HY.
Matern Child Health J. 2019 Jun 25. doi: 10.1007/s10995-019-02804-6. Read More
Prenatal exposure to acetaminophen and overweight in childhood.
Liew Z, Nohr EA, Morgen CS, Ernst A, Li J, Sørensen TIA, Olsen J.
Obesity (Silver Spring). 2019 Aug;27(8):1314-1322. doi: 10.1002/oby.22526. Read More
Severe acute maternal morbidity in twin compared with singleton pregnancies.
Madar H, Goffinet F, Seco A, Rozenberg P, Dupont C, Deneux-Tharaux C. Obstet Gynecol. 2019 Jun;133(6):1141-1150. doi: 10.1097/AOG.0000000000003261. Read More
Birth outcomes in Aboriginal mother-infant pairs from the Northern Territory, Australia, who received 23-valent polysaccharide pneumococcal vaccination during pregnancy, 2006-2011: The PneuMum randomised controlled trial.
McHugh L, Binks M, Ware RS, Snelling T, Nelson S, Nelson J, Dunbar M, Mulholland EK, Andrews RM.
Aust N Z J Obstet Gynaecol. 2019 Jun 14. doi: 10.1111/ajo.13002. Read More
Epidemiology of perinatal HIV transmission in the United States in the era of its elimination.
Nesheim SR, FitzHarris LF, Mahle Gray K, Lampe MA.
Pediatr Infect Dis J. 2019 Jun;38(6):611-616. doi: 10.1097/INF.0000000000002290. Read More
Maternal and infant pregnancy outcomes in women with psoriatic arthritis: A Swedish nationwide cohort study.
Remaeus K, Stephansson O, Johansson K, Granath F, Hellgren K. BJOG. 2019 Jun 12. doi: 10.1111/1471-0528.15836. Read More
Maternal Immunization and Antenatal Care Situation Analysis (MIACSA) study protocol: A multiregional, cross-sectional analysis of maternal immunization delivery strategies to reduce maternal and neonatal morbidity and mortality.
Roos N, Lambach P, Mantel C, Mason E, Muñoz FM, Giles M, Moran A, Hombach J, Diaz T; MIACSA expert advisory panel group.
BMJ Open. 2019 Jun 4;9(6):e024449. doi: 10.1136/bmjopen-2018-024449. Read More
Pregnancy-associated death in Utah: Contribution of drug-induced deaths.
Smid MC, Stone NM, Baksh L, Debbink MP, Einerson BD, Varner MW, Gordon AJ, Clark EAS. Obstet Gynecol. 2019 Jun;133(6):1131-1140. doi: 10.1097/AOG.0000000000003279. Read More
Preconception health in England: A proposal for annual reporting with core metrics.
Stephenson J, Vogel C, Hall J, Hutchinson J, Mann S, Duncan H, Woods-Townsend K, de Lusignan S, Poston L, Cade J, Godfrey K, Hanson M, Barrett G, Barker M, Conti G, Shannon G, Colbourn T; Preconception Partnership.
Lancet. 2019 Jun 1;393(10187):2262-2271. doi: 10.1016/S0140-6736(19)30954-7. Read More
Impact of prenatal exposure to benzodiazepines and z-hypnotics on behavioral problems at 5 years of age: A study from the Norwegian Mother and Child Cohort Study. Sundbakk LM, Wood M, Gran JM, Nordeng H. PLoS One. 2019 Jun 6;14(6):e0217830. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0217830. Read More
Associations of pregnancy-related factors and birth characteristics with risk of endometrial cancer: A Nordic population-based case-control study.
Trabert B, Troisi R, Grotmol T, Ekbom A, Engeland A, Gissler M, Glimelius I, Madanat-Harjuoja L, Sørensen HT, Tretli S, Gulbech Ording A, Bjørge T.
Int J Cancer. 2019 Jun 7. doi: 10.1002/ijc.32494. Read More
Transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) for depression in pregnancy: A pilot randomized controlled trial.
Vigod SN, Murphy KE, Dennis CL, Oberlander TF, Ray JG, Daskalakis ZJ, Blumberger DM. Brain Stimul. 2019 Jun 19. doi: 10.1016/j.brs.2019.06.019. Read More
Maternal stroke: An update.
Zambrano MD, Miller EC.
Curr Atheroscler Rep. 2019 Jun 22;21(9):33. doi: 10.1007/s11883-019-0798-2. Read More
Association of prenatal antibiotics with measures of infant adiposity and the gut microbiome.
Zhang M, Differding MK, Benjamin-Neelon SE, Østbye T, Hoyo C, Mueller NT.
Ann Clin Microbiol Antimicrob. 2019 Jun 21;18(1):18. doi: 10.1186/s12941-019-0318-9. Read More
Pediatrics
Maternal use of illicit drugs, tobacco or alcohol and the risk of childhood cancer before 6 years of age.
Auger N, Goudie C, Low N, Healy-Profitós J, Lo E, Luu TM.
Drug Alcohol Depend. 2019 Jul 1;200:133-138. doi: 10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2019.03.008. Read more
Inhaled corticosteroids in children with persistent asthma: effects of different drugs and delivery devices on growth.
Axelsson I, Naumburg E, Prietsch SO, Zhang L.
Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2019 Jun 10;6:CD010126. doi: 10.1002/14651858.CD010126.pub2. Read More
Kawasaki disease and 13-valent pneumococcal conjugate vaccination among young children: A self-controlled risk interval and cohort study with null results.
Baker MA, Baer B, Kulldorff M, Zichittella L, Reindel R, DeLuccia S, Lipowicz H, Freitas K, Jin R, Yih WK.
PLoS Med. 2019 Jul 2;16(7):e1002844. doi: 10.1371/journal.pmed.1002844. Read More
Incident substance use disorder following anxiety disorder in privately insured youth.
Bushnell GA, Gaynes BN, Compton SN, Dusetzina SB, Olfson M, Stürmer T.
J Adolesc Health. 2019 Jul 17. doi: 10.1016/j.jadohealth.2019.05.007. Read More
Outpatient prescription opioid use in pediatric Medicaid enrollees with special health care needs.
Feinstein JA, Rodean J, Hall M, Doupnik SK, Gay JC, Markham JL, Bettenhausen JL, Simmons J, Garrity B, Berry JG.
Pediatrics. 2019 Jun;143(6). pii: e20182199. doi: 10.1542/peds.2018-2199. Read More
Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder medication and unintentional injuries in children and adolescents.
Ghirardi L, Larsson H, Chang Z, Chen Q, Quinn PD, Hur K, Gibbons RD, D'Onofrio BM.
J Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry. 2019 Jul 11. doi: 10.1016/j.jaac.2019.06.010. Read More
Methylphenidate and the risk of psychosis in adolescents and young adults: a population-based cohort study.
Hollis C, Chen Q, Chang Z, Quinn PD, Viktorin A, Lichtenstein P, D'Onofrio B, Landén M, Larsson H.
Lancet Psychiatry. 2019 Aug;6(8):651-658. doi: 10.1016/S2215-0366(19)30189-0. Read More
Trends in opioid prescribing for adolescents and young adults in ambulatory care settings.
Hudgins JD, Porter JJ, Monuteaux MC, Bourgeois FT.
Pediatrics. 2019 Jun;143(6). doi: 10.1542/peds.2018-1578. Read More
Antibiotic use in childhood and adolescence and risk of inflammatory bowel disease: A case-control study in the UK Clinical Practice Research Datalink.
Troelsen FS, Jick S.
Inflamm Bowel Dis. 2019 Jul 2. doi: 10.1093/ibd/izz137. Read More
Auger N, Goudie C, Low N, Healy-Profitós J, Lo E, Luu TM.
Drug Alcohol Depend. 2019 Jul 1;200:133-138. doi: 10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2019.03.008. Read more
Inhaled corticosteroids in children with persistent asthma: effects of different drugs and delivery devices on growth.
Axelsson I, Naumburg E, Prietsch SO, Zhang L.
Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2019 Jun 10;6:CD010126. doi: 10.1002/14651858.CD010126.pub2. Read More
Kawasaki disease and 13-valent pneumococcal conjugate vaccination among young children: A self-controlled risk interval and cohort study with null results.
Baker MA, Baer B, Kulldorff M, Zichittella L, Reindel R, DeLuccia S, Lipowicz H, Freitas K, Jin R, Yih WK.
PLoS Med. 2019 Jul 2;16(7):e1002844. doi: 10.1371/journal.pmed.1002844. Read More
Incident substance use disorder following anxiety disorder in privately insured youth.
Bushnell GA, Gaynes BN, Compton SN, Dusetzina SB, Olfson M, Stürmer T.
J Adolesc Health. 2019 Jul 17. doi: 10.1016/j.jadohealth.2019.05.007. Read More
Outpatient prescription opioid use in pediatric Medicaid enrollees with special health care needs.
Feinstein JA, Rodean J, Hall M, Doupnik SK, Gay JC, Markham JL, Bettenhausen JL, Simmons J, Garrity B, Berry JG.
Pediatrics. 2019 Jun;143(6). pii: e20182199. doi: 10.1542/peds.2018-2199. Read More
Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder medication and unintentional injuries in children and adolescents.
Ghirardi L, Larsson H, Chang Z, Chen Q, Quinn PD, Hur K, Gibbons RD, D'Onofrio BM.
J Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry. 2019 Jul 11. doi: 10.1016/j.jaac.2019.06.010. Read More
Methylphenidate and the risk of psychosis in adolescents and young adults: a population-based cohort study.
Hollis C, Chen Q, Chang Z, Quinn PD, Viktorin A, Lichtenstein P, D'Onofrio B, Landén M, Larsson H.
Lancet Psychiatry. 2019 Aug;6(8):651-658. doi: 10.1016/S2215-0366(19)30189-0. Read More
Trends in opioid prescribing for adolescents and young adults in ambulatory care settings.
Hudgins JD, Porter JJ, Monuteaux MC, Bourgeois FT.
Pediatrics. 2019 Jun;143(6). doi: 10.1542/peds.2018-1578. Read More
Antibiotic use in childhood and adolescence and risk of inflammatory bowel disease: A case-control study in the UK Clinical Practice Research Datalink.
Troelsen FS, Jick S.
Inflamm Bowel Dis. 2019 Jul 2. doi: 10.1093/ibd/izz137. Read More
September 2019
Pregnancy
Prenatal opioid exposure: neurodevelopmental consequences and future research priorities. Conradt E, Flannery T, Aschner JL, Annett RD, Croen LA, Duarte CS, Friedman AM, Guille C, Hedderson MM, Hofheimer JA, Jones MR, Ladd-Acosta C, McGrath M, Moreland A, Neiderhiser JM, Nguyen RHN, Posner J, Ross JL, Savitz DA, Ondersma SJ, Lester BM. Pediatrics. 2019 Sep;144(3). pii: e20190128. doi: 10.1542/peds.2019-0128. Review.
Read More
Maternal immunization in the U.S.: A nationwide retrospective cohort study.
Ghaswalla P, Poirrier JE, Packnett ER, Irwin DE, Gray SR, Buck PO.
Am J Prev Med. 2019 Sep;57(3):e87-e93. doi: 10.1016/j.amepre.2019.04.013.
Read More
Uptake and safety of hepatitis A vaccination during pregnancy: A Vaccine Safety Datalink study.
Groom HC, Smith N, Irving SA, Koppolu P, Vazquez-Benitez G, Kharbanda EO, Daley MF, Donahue JG, Getahun D, Jackson LA, Klein NP, McCarthy NL, Nordin JD, Panagiotakopoulos L, Naleway AL.
Vaccine. 2019 Oct 16;37(44):6648-6655. doi: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2019.09.043. Read More
Oral corticosteroid use during pregnancy and risk of preterm birth.
Palmsten K, Bandoli G, Vazquez-Benitez G, Xi M, Johnson DL, Xu R, Chambers CD.
Rheumatology (Oxford). 2019 Sep 30. pii: kez405. doi: 10.1093/rheumatology/kez405.
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Safe expectations: current state and future directions for Medication safety in pregnancy research.
Wood ME, Andrade SE, Toh S.
Clin Ther. 2019 Sep 25. pii: S0149-2918(19)30419-9. doi: 10.1016/j.clinthera.2019.08.016.
Read More
Read More
Maternal immunization in the U.S.: A nationwide retrospective cohort study.
Ghaswalla P, Poirrier JE, Packnett ER, Irwin DE, Gray SR, Buck PO.
Am J Prev Med. 2019 Sep;57(3):e87-e93. doi: 10.1016/j.amepre.2019.04.013.
Read More
Uptake and safety of hepatitis A vaccination during pregnancy: A Vaccine Safety Datalink study.
Groom HC, Smith N, Irving SA, Koppolu P, Vazquez-Benitez G, Kharbanda EO, Daley MF, Donahue JG, Getahun D, Jackson LA, Klein NP, McCarthy NL, Nordin JD, Panagiotakopoulos L, Naleway AL.
Vaccine. 2019 Oct 16;37(44):6648-6655. doi: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2019.09.043. Read More
Oral corticosteroid use during pregnancy and risk of preterm birth.
Palmsten K, Bandoli G, Vazquez-Benitez G, Xi M, Johnson DL, Xu R, Chambers CD.
Rheumatology (Oxford). 2019 Sep 30. pii: kez405. doi: 10.1093/rheumatology/kez405.
Read More
Safe expectations: current state and future directions for Medication safety in pregnancy research.
Wood ME, Andrade SE, Toh S.
Clin Ther. 2019 Sep 25. pii: S0149-2918(19)30419-9. doi: 10.1016/j.clinthera.2019.08.016.
Read More
Pediatrics
Treatment for nicotine use disorder among Medicaid-enrolled adolescents and young adults.
Chadi N, Rodean J, Earlywine JJ, Zima BT, Bagley SM, Levy S, Hadland SE.
JAMA Pediatr. 2019 Sep 23. doi: 10.1001/jamapediatrics.2019.3200.
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Early childhood vaccination and subsequent mortality or morbidity: are observational studies hampered by residual confounding? A Danish register-based cohort study.
Jensen A, Andersen PK, Stensballe LG.
BMJ Open. 2019 Sep 18;9(9):e029794. doi: 10.1136/bmjopen-2019-029794.
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Use of tumour necrosis factor-α inhibitors and the risk of serious infection in paediatric inflammatory bowel disease in Denmark: a nationwide cohort study.
Wintzell V, Svanström H, Melbye M, Jess T, Olén O, Ludvigsson JF, Pasternak B.
Lancet Gastroenterol Hepatol. 2019 Nov;4(11):845-853. doi: 10.1016/S2468-1253(19)30266-3.
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Chadi N, Rodean J, Earlywine JJ, Zima BT, Bagley SM, Levy S, Hadland SE.
JAMA Pediatr. 2019 Sep 23. doi: 10.1001/jamapediatrics.2019.3200.
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Early childhood vaccination and subsequent mortality or morbidity: are observational studies hampered by residual confounding? A Danish register-based cohort study.
Jensen A, Andersen PK, Stensballe LG.
BMJ Open. 2019 Sep 18;9(9):e029794. doi: 10.1136/bmjopen-2019-029794.
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Use of tumour necrosis factor-α inhibitors and the risk of serious infection in paediatric inflammatory bowel disease in Denmark: a nationwide cohort study.
Wintzell V, Svanström H, Melbye M, Jess T, Olén O, Ludvigsson JF, Pasternak B.
Lancet Gastroenterol Hepatol. 2019 Nov;4(11):845-853. doi: 10.1016/S2468-1253(19)30266-3.
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October 2019
Pregnancy
Antidepressant use during Pregnancy and the Risk of Gestational Diabetes Mellitus: a Nested Case-Control Study Dandjinou M, Sheehy O, Bérard A. BMJ Open. 2019 Oct 1;9:e025908. doi: 10.1136/bmjopen-2018-025908 Read More
Maternal Thyroid Hormone Replacement Therapy Exposure and Language and Communication Skills of Offspring at 8 Years of Age
Frank AS, Lupattelli A, Brandlistuen RE, Nordeng H.
JAMA Netw Open. 2019 Oct 2;2(10):e1912424. doi: 10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2019.12424.
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The Pre- and Post-authorisation Data Published by the European Medicines Agency on the use of Biologics during Pregnancy and Lactation
Ghalandari N, Dolhain RJEM, Hazes JMW, Siezen CLE, van
der Laan JW, Crijns HJ, van Puijenbroek EP, van der Woude CJ.
Br J Clin Pharmacol. 2019 Oct 21. doi: 10.1111/bcp.14145.
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SOMANZ Position Paper on the Management of Nausea and Vomiting in Pregnancy and Hyperemesis Gravidarum
Lowe SA, Armstrong G, Beech A, Bowyer L, Grzeskowiak L, Marnoch CA, Robinson H.
Aust N Z J Obstet Gynaecol. 2019 Oct 28. doi: 10.1111/ajo.13084.
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Associations of Prenatal or Infant Exposure to Acetaminophen or Ibuprofen with Mid-Childhood Executive Function and Behaviour
Rifas-Shiman SL, Cardenas A, Hivert MF, Tiemeier H, Bertoldi AD, Oken E.
Paediatr Perinat Epidemiol. 2019 Oct 21. doi: 10.1111/ppe.12596.
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Oral Corticosteroids during Pregnancy and Offspring Risk of Congenital Heart Defects: a Nationwide Cohort Study
Schmidt AB, Lund M, Corn G, Øyen N, Wohlfahrt J, Melbye M.
Int J Epidemiol. 2019 Oct 19. pii: dyz213. doi: 10.1093/ije/dyz213.
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Pediatrics
Exploratory Study of Signals for Asthma Drugs in Children, Using the EudraVigilance Database of Spontaneous Reports
Baan EJ, de Smet VA, Hoeve CE, Pacurariu AC, Sturkenboom MCJM, de Jongste JC, Janssens HM, Verhamme KMC.
Drug Saf. 2019 Oct 15. doi: 10.1007/s40264-019-00870-x.
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Psoriasis Associated with Tumor Necrosis Factor-Alpha Inhibitors in Children with Inflammatory Diseases
Buckley LH, Xiao R, Perman MJ, Grossman AB, Weiss PF.
Arthritis Care Res (Hoboken). 2019 Oct 23. doi: 10.1002/acr.24100.
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Neonatal Abstinence Syndrome and Childhood Mental Health Conditions, 2009-2015: Commercial Versus Medicaid Populations
Conner KL, Meadows AL, Delcher C, Talbert JC.
Psychiatr Serv. 2019 Oct 16:appips201900180. doi: 10.1176/appi.ps.201900180.
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Use of Medication for Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder and Risk of Unintentional Injuries in Children and Adolescents with Co-occurring Neurodevelopmental Disorders
Ghirardi L, Chen Q, Chang Z, Kuja-Halkola R, Skoglund C, Quinn PD, D'Onofrio BM, Larsson H.
J Child Psychol Psychiatry. 2019 Oct 18. doi: 10.1111/jcpp.13136. [Epub ahead of print]
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Associations Between Opioid Prescribing Patterns and Overdose Among Privately Insured Adolescents
Groenewald CB, Zhou C, Palermo TM, Van Cleve WC.
Pediatrics. 2019 Nov;144. pii: e20184070. doi: 10.1542/peds.2018-4070.
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Natural Health Product-Drug Interaction Causality Assessment in Pediatric Adverse Event Reports Associated with Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder Medication
Mazhar H, Foster BC, Necyk C, Gardiner PM, Harris CS, Robaey P.
J Child Adolesc Psychopharmacol. 2019 Oct 31. doi: 10.1089/cap.2019.0102.
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Trends in Antidepressant use Among Children and Adolescents: A Scandinavian Drug Utilization Study
Wesselhoeft R, Jensen PB, Talati A, Reutfors J, Furu K, Strandberg-Larsen K, Damkier P, Pottegård A, Bliddal M.
Acta Psychiatr Scand. 2019 Oct 16. doi: 10.1111/acps.13116.
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Antidepressant use during Pregnancy and the Risk of Gestational Diabetes Mellitus: a Nested Case-Control Study Dandjinou M, Sheehy O, Bérard A. BMJ Open. 2019 Oct 1;9:e025908. doi: 10.1136/bmjopen-2018-025908 Read More
Maternal Thyroid Hormone Replacement Therapy Exposure and Language and Communication Skills of Offspring at 8 Years of Age
Frank AS, Lupattelli A, Brandlistuen RE, Nordeng H.
JAMA Netw Open. 2019 Oct 2;2(10):e1912424. doi: 10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2019.12424.
Read More
The Pre- and Post-authorisation Data Published by the European Medicines Agency on the use of Biologics during Pregnancy and Lactation
Ghalandari N, Dolhain RJEM, Hazes JMW, Siezen CLE, van
der Laan JW, Crijns HJ, van Puijenbroek EP, van der Woude CJ.
Br J Clin Pharmacol. 2019 Oct 21. doi: 10.1111/bcp.14145.
Read More
SOMANZ Position Paper on the Management of Nausea and Vomiting in Pregnancy and Hyperemesis Gravidarum
Lowe SA, Armstrong G, Beech A, Bowyer L, Grzeskowiak L, Marnoch CA, Robinson H.
Aust N Z J Obstet Gynaecol. 2019 Oct 28. doi: 10.1111/ajo.13084.
Read More
Associations of Prenatal or Infant Exposure to Acetaminophen or Ibuprofen with Mid-Childhood Executive Function and Behaviour
Rifas-Shiman SL, Cardenas A, Hivert MF, Tiemeier H, Bertoldi AD, Oken E.
Paediatr Perinat Epidemiol. 2019 Oct 21. doi: 10.1111/ppe.12596.
Read More
Oral Corticosteroids during Pregnancy and Offspring Risk of Congenital Heart Defects: a Nationwide Cohort Study
Schmidt AB, Lund M, Corn G, Øyen N, Wohlfahrt J, Melbye M.
Int J Epidemiol. 2019 Oct 19. pii: dyz213. doi: 10.1093/ije/dyz213.
Read More
Pediatrics
Exploratory Study of Signals for Asthma Drugs in Children, Using the EudraVigilance Database of Spontaneous Reports
Baan EJ, de Smet VA, Hoeve CE, Pacurariu AC, Sturkenboom MCJM, de Jongste JC, Janssens HM, Verhamme KMC.
Drug Saf. 2019 Oct 15. doi: 10.1007/s40264-019-00870-x.
Read More
Psoriasis Associated with Tumor Necrosis Factor-Alpha Inhibitors in Children with Inflammatory Diseases
Buckley LH, Xiao R, Perman MJ, Grossman AB, Weiss PF.
Arthritis Care Res (Hoboken). 2019 Oct 23. doi: 10.1002/acr.24100.
Read More
Neonatal Abstinence Syndrome and Childhood Mental Health Conditions, 2009-2015: Commercial Versus Medicaid Populations
Conner KL, Meadows AL, Delcher C, Talbert JC.
Psychiatr Serv. 2019 Oct 16:appips201900180. doi: 10.1176/appi.ps.201900180.
Read More
Use of Medication for Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder and Risk of Unintentional Injuries in Children and Adolescents with Co-occurring Neurodevelopmental Disorders
Ghirardi L, Chen Q, Chang Z, Kuja-Halkola R, Skoglund C, Quinn PD, D'Onofrio BM, Larsson H.
J Child Psychol Psychiatry. 2019 Oct 18. doi: 10.1111/jcpp.13136. [Epub ahead of print]
Read More
Associations Between Opioid Prescribing Patterns and Overdose Among Privately Insured Adolescents
Groenewald CB, Zhou C, Palermo TM, Van Cleve WC.
Pediatrics. 2019 Nov;144. pii: e20184070. doi: 10.1542/peds.2018-4070.
Read More
Natural Health Product-Drug Interaction Causality Assessment in Pediatric Adverse Event Reports Associated with Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder Medication
Mazhar H, Foster BC, Necyk C, Gardiner PM, Harris CS, Robaey P.
J Child Adolesc Psychopharmacol. 2019 Oct 31. doi: 10.1089/cap.2019.0102.
Read More
Trends in Antidepressant use Among Children and Adolescents: A Scandinavian Drug Utilization Study
Wesselhoeft R, Jensen PB, Talati A, Reutfors J, Furu K, Strandberg-Larsen K, Damkier P, Pottegård A, Bliddal M.
Acta Psychiatr Scand. 2019 Oct 16. doi: 10.1111/acps.13116.
Read More
january & february 2022
Pregnancy
SARS-CoV-2 infection during pregnancy and risk of preeclampsia: a systematic review and meta-analysis.
Conde-Agudelo A, Romero R.
Am J Obstet Gynecol. 2022 Jan;226(1):68-89.e3. doi: 10.1016/j.ajog.2021.07.009. Epub 2021 Jul 21.
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Covid-19 vaccination during the third trimester of pregnancy: rate of vaccination and maternal and neonatal outcomes, a multicentre retrospective cohort study.
Rottenstreich M, Sela HY, Rotem R, Kadish E, Wiener-Well Y, Grisaru-Granovsky S.
BJOG. 2022 Jan;129(2):248-255. doi: 10.1111/1471-0528.16941. Epub 2021 Oct 6.
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COVID-19 and novel mRNA vaccines in pregnancy: an updated literature review.
Joubert E, Kekeh AC, Amin CN.
BJOG. 2022 Jan;129(1):21-28. doi: 10.1111/1471-0528.16973. Epub 2021 Nov 1.
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Pregnancy and risk of COVID-19: a Norwegian registry-linkage study.
Magnus MC, Oakley L, Gjessing HK, Stephansson O, Engjom HM, Macsali F, Juliusson PB, Nybo Andersen AM, Håberg SE.
BJOG. 2022 Jan;129(1):101-109. doi: 10.1111/1471-0528.16969. Epub 2021 Nov 1.
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Infants' prenatal exposure to opioids and the association with birth outcomes: A systematic review and meta-analysis.
Graeve R, Balalian AA, Richter M, Kielstein H, Fink A, Martins SS, Philbin MM, Factor-Litvak P.
Paediatr Perinat Epidemiol. 2022 Jan;36(1):125-143. doi: 10.1111/ppe.12805. Epub 2021 Nov 10.
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Ectopic pregnancy prevention: Further evidence of benefits of prescription contraceptives.
Raine-Bennett T, Fassett MJ, Chandra M, Armstrong MA, Shi JM, Chiu VY, Alabaster A, Alexeeff S, Xie F, Im TM, Asiimwe A, Pisa F, Getahun D.
Contraception. 2022 Jan;105:19-25. doi: 10.1016/j.contraception.2021.09.007. Epub 2021 Sep 20.
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Use of a mobile app to capture supplemental health information during pregnancy: Implications for clinical research.
Rothschild CW, Dublin S, Brown JS, Klasnja P, Herzig-Marx C, Reynolds JS, Wyner Z, Chambers C, Martin D.
Pharmacoepidemiol Drug Saf. 2022 Jan;31(1):37-45. doi: 10.1002/pds.5320. Epub 2021 Jul 16.
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SARS-CoV-2 and pregnancy outcomes under universal and non-universal testing in Sweden: register-based nationwide cohort study.
Stephansson O, Pasternak B, Ahlberg M, Hervius Askling H, Aronsson B, Appelqvist E, Jonsson J, Sengpiel V, Söderling J, Norman M, Ludvigsson JF, Neovius M.
BJOG. 2022 Jan;129(2):282-290. doi: 10.1111/1471-0528.16990. Epub 2021 Nov 18.
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Prenatal and infant antibiotic exposure and childhood growth, obesity and cardiovascular risk factors: The Rhea mother-child cohort study, Crete, Greece.
Margetaki K, Stratakis N, Roumeliotaki T, Karachaliou M, Alexaki M, Kogevinas M, Chatzi L, Vafeiadi M.
Pediatr Obes. 2022 Jan;17(1):e12843. doi: 10.1111/ijpo.12843. Epub 2021 Aug 9.
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Association between maternal hormonal contraception use and central nervous system tumors in children.
Hargreave M, Mørch LS, Winther JF, Schmiegelow K, Kjaer SK.
JAMA. 2022 Jan 4;327(1):59-66. doi: 10.1001/jama.2021.22482.
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Prenatal origins of suicide mortality: A prospective cohort study in the United States.
Vidal-Ribas P, Govender T, Sundaram R, Perlis RH, Gilman SE.
Transl Psychiatry. 2022 Jan 10;12(1):14. doi: 10.1038/s41398-021-01777-x.
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The value of intrapartum factors in predicting maternal morbidity.
Clapp MA, James KE, McCoy TH Jr, Perlis RH, Kaimal AJ.
Am J Obstet Gynecol MFM. 2022 Jan;4(1):100485. doi: 10.1016/j.ajogmf.2021.100485. Epub 2021 Sep 10.
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Receipt of COVID-19 vaccine during pregnancy and preterm or small-for-gestational-age at birth - Eight integrated health care organizations, United States, December 15, 2020-July 22, 2021.
Lipkind HS, Vazquez-Benitez G, DeSilva M, Vesco KK, Ackerman-Banks C, Zhu J, Boyce TG, Daley MF, Fuller CC, Getahun D, Irving SA, Jackson LA, Williams JTB, Zerbo O, McNeil MM, Olson CK, Weintraub E, Kharbanda EO.
MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep. 2022 Jan 7;71(1):26-30. doi: 10.15585/mmwr.mm7101e1.
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Exposure to biologic therapy and associated maternal and neonatal outcomes in pregnancies complicated by inflammatory bowel disease.
Rekawek P, Johnson S, Bigelow CA, Getrajdman C, Roy-McMahon C, Stoffels G, Dubinsky MC, Mella MT.
Am J Obstet Gynecol MFM. 2022 Jan;4(1):100518.doi: 10.1016/j.ajogmf.2021.100518. Epub 2021 Oct 22.
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Perinatal pharmacoepidemiology: How often are key methodological elements reported in publications?
Margulis AV, Kawai AT, Anthony MS, Rivero-Ferrer E.
Pharmacoepidemiol Drug Saf. 2022 Jan;31(1):61-71. doi: 10.1002/pds.5353. Epub 2021 Sep 29.
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Maternal intake of folate during pregnancy and risk of cerebral palsy in the MOBAND-CP cohort.
Groot J, Petersen TG, Suren P, Brantsæter AL, Uldall P, Martinussen T, Granström C, Olsen SF, Wilcox AJ, Strandberg-Larsen K.
Am J Clin Nutr. 2022 Feb 9;115(2):397-406. doi: 10.1093/ajcn/nqab351.
Read More
Prenatal exposure to glucocorticoids and the prevalence of overweight or obesity in childhood.
Laugesen K, Sørensen HT, Jorgensen JOL, Petersen I.
Eur J Endocrinol. 2022 Feb 22;186(4):429-440. doi: 10.1530/EJE-21-0846.
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A systematic review and meta-analyses on the prevalence of pregnancy outcomes in migraine treated patients: a contribution from the IMI2 ConcePTION project.
Dudman DC, Tauqeer F, Kaur M, Ritchey ME, Li H, Lopez-Leon S.
J Neurol. 2022 Feb;269(2):742-749. doi: 10.1007/s00415-021-10534-5. Epub 2021 Apr 1.
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Prescribed opioid analgesics in early pregnancy and the risk of congenital anomalies: a population-based cohort study.
Bowie AC, Werler MM, Velez MP, Li W, Camden A, Guttmann A, Brogly SB.
CMAJ. 2022 Feb 7;194(5):E152-E162. doi: 10.1503/cmaj.211215.
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Maternal antibiotics exposure during pregnancy and the risk of acute lymphoblastic leukemia in childhood: a systematic review and meta-analysis.
Zhu X, Meng Y, Yang Y, Feng N.
Eur J Pediatr. 2022 Feb;181(2):471-478. doi: 10.1007/s00431-021-04247-0. Epub 2021 Sep 17.
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Pregnancy-associated deaths due to drugs, suicide, and homicide in the United States, 2010-2019.
Margerison CE, Roberts MH, Gemmill A, Goldman-Mellor S.
Obstet Gynecol. 2022 Feb 1;139(2):172-180. doi: 10.1097/AOG.0000000000004649.
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Interventions to prevent spontaneous preterm birth in women with singleton pregnancy who are at high risk: systematic review and network meta-analysis.
Care A, Nevitt SJ, Medley N, Donegan S, Good L, Hampson L, Tudur Smith C, Alfirevic Z.
BMJ. 2022 Feb 15;376:e064547. doi: 10.1136/bmj-2021-064547.
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Association of SARS-CoV-2 infection with serious maternal morbidity and mortality from obstetric complications.
Metz TD, Clifton RG, Hughes BL, Sandoval GJ, Grobman WA, Saade GR, Manuck TA, Longo M, Sowles A, Clark K, Simhan HN, Rouse DJ, Mendez-Figueroa H, Gyamfi-Bannerman C, Bailit JL, Costantine MM, Sehdev HM, Tita ATN, Macones GA
JAMA. 2022 Feb 22;327(8):748-759. doi: 10.1001/jama.2022.1190.
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The efficacy and safety of metformin alone or as an add-on therapy to insulin in pregnancy with GDM or T2DM: A systematic review and meta-analysis of 21 randomized controlled trials.
He K, Guo Q, Ge J, Li J, Li C, Jing Z.
J Clin Pharm Ther. 2022 Feb;47(2):168-177. doi: 10.1111/jcpt.13503. Epub 2021 Aug 7.
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Association between antidepressant use in pregnancy and gestational diabetes mellitus: Results from the Norwegian Mother, Father and Child Cohort Study.
Lupattelli A, Barone-Adesi F, Nordeng H.
Pharmacoepidemiol Drug Saf. 2022 Feb;31(2):247-256. doi: 10.1002/pds.5388. Epub 2021 Dec 8.
Read More
Conde-Agudelo A, Romero R.
Am J Obstet Gynecol. 2022 Jan;226(1):68-89.e3. doi: 10.1016/j.ajog.2021.07.009. Epub 2021 Jul 21.
Read More
Covid-19 vaccination during the third trimester of pregnancy: rate of vaccination and maternal and neonatal outcomes, a multicentre retrospective cohort study.
Rottenstreich M, Sela HY, Rotem R, Kadish E, Wiener-Well Y, Grisaru-Granovsky S.
BJOG. 2022 Jan;129(2):248-255. doi: 10.1111/1471-0528.16941. Epub 2021 Oct 6.
Read More
COVID-19 and novel mRNA vaccines in pregnancy: an updated literature review.
Joubert E, Kekeh AC, Amin CN.
BJOG. 2022 Jan;129(1):21-28. doi: 10.1111/1471-0528.16973. Epub 2021 Nov 1.
Read More
Pregnancy and risk of COVID-19: a Norwegian registry-linkage study.
Magnus MC, Oakley L, Gjessing HK, Stephansson O, Engjom HM, Macsali F, Juliusson PB, Nybo Andersen AM, Håberg SE.
BJOG. 2022 Jan;129(1):101-109. doi: 10.1111/1471-0528.16969. Epub 2021 Nov 1.
Read More
Infants' prenatal exposure to opioids and the association with birth outcomes: A systematic review and meta-analysis.
Graeve R, Balalian AA, Richter M, Kielstein H, Fink A, Martins SS, Philbin MM, Factor-Litvak P.
Paediatr Perinat Epidemiol. 2022 Jan;36(1):125-143. doi: 10.1111/ppe.12805. Epub 2021 Nov 10.
Read More
Ectopic pregnancy prevention: Further evidence of benefits of prescription contraceptives.
Raine-Bennett T, Fassett MJ, Chandra M, Armstrong MA, Shi JM, Chiu VY, Alabaster A, Alexeeff S, Xie F, Im TM, Asiimwe A, Pisa F, Getahun D.
Contraception. 2022 Jan;105:19-25. doi: 10.1016/j.contraception.2021.09.007. Epub 2021 Sep 20.
Read More
Use of a mobile app to capture supplemental health information during pregnancy: Implications for clinical research.
Rothschild CW, Dublin S, Brown JS, Klasnja P, Herzig-Marx C, Reynolds JS, Wyner Z, Chambers C, Martin D.
Pharmacoepidemiol Drug Saf. 2022 Jan;31(1):37-45. doi: 10.1002/pds.5320. Epub 2021 Jul 16.
Read More
SARS-CoV-2 and pregnancy outcomes under universal and non-universal testing in Sweden: register-based nationwide cohort study.
Stephansson O, Pasternak B, Ahlberg M, Hervius Askling H, Aronsson B, Appelqvist E, Jonsson J, Sengpiel V, Söderling J, Norman M, Ludvigsson JF, Neovius M.
BJOG. 2022 Jan;129(2):282-290. doi: 10.1111/1471-0528.16990. Epub 2021 Nov 18.
Read More
Prenatal and infant antibiotic exposure and childhood growth, obesity and cardiovascular risk factors: The Rhea mother-child cohort study, Crete, Greece.
Margetaki K, Stratakis N, Roumeliotaki T, Karachaliou M, Alexaki M, Kogevinas M, Chatzi L, Vafeiadi M.
Pediatr Obes. 2022 Jan;17(1):e12843. doi: 10.1111/ijpo.12843. Epub 2021 Aug 9.
Read More
Association between maternal hormonal contraception use and central nervous system tumors in children.
Hargreave M, Mørch LS, Winther JF, Schmiegelow K, Kjaer SK.
JAMA. 2022 Jan 4;327(1):59-66. doi: 10.1001/jama.2021.22482.
Read More
Prenatal origins of suicide mortality: A prospective cohort study in the United States.
Vidal-Ribas P, Govender T, Sundaram R, Perlis RH, Gilman SE.
Transl Psychiatry. 2022 Jan 10;12(1):14. doi: 10.1038/s41398-021-01777-x.
Read More
The value of intrapartum factors in predicting maternal morbidity.
Clapp MA, James KE, McCoy TH Jr, Perlis RH, Kaimal AJ.
Am J Obstet Gynecol MFM. 2022 Jan;4(1):100485. doi: 10.1016/j.ajogmf.2021.100485. Epub 2021 Sep 10.
Read More
Receipt of COVID-19 vaccine during pregnancy and preterm or small-for-gestational-age at birth - Eight integrated health care organizations, United States, December 15, 2020-July 22, 2021.
Lipkind HS, Vazquez-Benitez G, DeSilva M, Vesco KK, Ackerman-Banks C, Zhu J, Boyce TG, Daley MF, Fuller CC, Getahun D, Irving SA, Jackson LA, Williams JTB, Zerbo O, McNeil MM, Olson CK, Weintraub E, Kharbanda EO.
MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep. 2022 Jan 7;71(1):26-30. doi: 10.15585/mmwr.mm7101e1.
Read More
Exposure to biologic therapy and associated maternal and neonatal outcomes in pregnancies complicated by inflammatory bowel disease.
Rekawek P, Johnson S, Bigelow CA, Getrajdman C, Roy-McMahon C, Stoffels G, Dubinsky MC, Mella MT.
Am J Obstet Gynecol MFM. 2022 Jan;4(1):100518.doi: 10.1016/j.ajogmf.2021.100518. Epub 2021 Oct 22.
Read More
Perinatal pharmacoepidemiology: How often are key methodological elements reported in publications?
Margulis AV, Kawai AT, Anthony MS, Rivero-Ferrer E.
Pharmacoepidemiol Drug Saf. 2022 Jan;31(1):61-71. doi: 10.1002/pds.5353. Epub 2021 Sep 29.
Read More
Maternal intake of folate during pregnancy and risk of cerebral palsy in the MOBAND-CP cohort.
Groot J, Petersen TG, Suren P, Brantsæter AL, Uldall P, Martinussen T, Granström C, Olsen SF, Wilcox AJ, Strandberg-Larsen K.
Am J Clin Nutr. 2022 Feb 9;115(2):397-406. doi: 10.1093/ajcn/nqab351.
Read More
Prenatal exposure to glucocorticoids and the prevalence of overweight or obesity in childhood.
Laugesen K, Sørensen HT, Jorgensen JOL, Petersen I.
Eur J Endocrinol. 2022 Feb 22;186(4):429-440. doi: 10.1530/EJE-21-0846.
Read More
A systematic review and meta-analyses on the prevalence of pregnancy outcomes in migraine treated patients: a contribution from the IMI2 ConcePTION project.
Dudman DC, Tauqeer F, Kaur M, Ritchey ME, Li H, Lopez-Leon S.
J Neurol. 2022 Feb;269(2):742-749. doi: 10.1007/s00415-021-10534-5. Epub 2021 Apr 1.
Read More
Prescribed opioid analgesics in early pregnancy and the risk of congenital anomalies: a population-based cohort study.
Bowie AC, Werler MM, Velez MP, Li W, Camden A, Guttmann A, Brogly SB.
CMAJ. 2022 Feb 7;194(5):E152-E162. doi: 10.1503/cmaj.211215.
Read More
Maternal antibiotics exposure during pregnancy and the risk of acute lymphoblastic leukemia in childhood: a systematic review and meta-analysis.
Zhu X, Meng Y, Yang Y, Feng N.
Eur J Pediatr. 2022 Feb;181(2):471-478. doi: 10.1007/s00431-021-04247-0. Epub 2021 Sep 17.
Read More
Pregnancy-associated deaths due to drugs, suicide, and homicide in the United States, 2010-2019.
Margerison CE, Roberts MH, Gemmill A, Goldman-Mellor S.
Obstet Gynecol. 2022 Feb 1;139(2):172-180. doi: 10.1097/AOG.0000000000004649.
Read More
Interventions to prevent spontaneous preterm birth in women with singleton pregnancy who are at high risk: systematic review and network meta-analysis.
Care A, Nevitt SJ, Medley N, Donegan S, Good L, Hampson L, Tudur Smith C, Alfirevic Z.
BMJ. 2022 Feb 15;376:e064547. doi: 10.1136/bmj-2021-064547.
Read More
Association of SARS-CoV-2 infection with serious maternal morbidity and mortality from obstetric complications.
Metz TD, Clifton RG, Hughes BL, Sandoval GJ, Grobman WA, Saade GR, Manuck TA, Longo M, Sowles A, Clark K, Simhan HN, Rouse DJ, Mendez-Figueroa H, Gyamfi-Bannerman C, Bailit JL, Costantine MM, Sehdev HM, Tita ATN, Macones GA
JAMA. 2022 Feb 22;327(8):748-759. doi: 10.1001/jama.2022.1190.
Read More
The efficacy and safety of metformin alone or as an add-on therapy to insulin in pregnancy with GDM or T2DM: A systematic review and meta-analysis of 21 randomized controlled trials.
He K, Guo Q, Ge J, Li J, Li C, Jing Z.
J Clin Pharm Ther. 2022 Feb;47(2):168-177. doi: 10.1111/jcpt.13503. Epub 2021 Aug 7.
Read More
Association between antidepressant use in pregnancy and gestational diabetes mellitus: Results from the Norwegian Mother, Father and Child Cohort Study.
Lupattelli A, Barone-Adesi F, Nordeng H.
Pharmacoepidemiol Drug Saf. 2022 Feb;31(2):247-256. doi: 10.1002/pds.5388. Epub 2021 Dec 8.
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Pediatrics
Physicians' perspectives on adverse drug reactions in pediatric routine care: a survey.
Neininger MP, Jeschke S, Kiesel LM, Bertsche T, Bertsche A.
World J Pediatr. 2022 Jan;18(1):50-58. doi: 10.1007/s12519-021-00478-1. Epub 2021 Nov 13.
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Racial disparities in opioid prescriptions for fractures in the pediatric population.
Wing E, Saadat S, Bhargava R, Yun H, Chakravarthy B.
Am J Emerg Med. 2022 Jan;51:210-213. doi: 10.1016/j.ajem.2021.10.017. Epub 2021 Oct 14.
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Is the prevalence of thyroid disease higher in children receiving antiepileptic medication? A systematic review and meta-analysis.
Ilia TS, Dragoumi P, Papanikolopoulou S, Goulis DG, Pavlou E, Zafeiriou D.
Seizure. 2022 Jan;94:117-125. doi: 10.1016/j.seizure.2021.11.010. Epub 2021 Nov 24.
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The safety of high-dose intranasal fentanyl in the pediatric emergency department.
Anderson T, Harrell C, Snider M, Kink R.
Pediatr Emerg Care. 2022 Feb 1;38(2):e447-e450. doi: 10.1097/PEC.0000000000002627.
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COVID-19 and Antibiotic Prescribing in Pediatric Primary Care.
Dutcher L, Li Y, Lee G, Grundmeier R, Hamilton KW, Gerber JS.
Pediatrics. 2022 Feb 1;149(2):e2021053079. doi: 10.1542/peds.2021-053079.
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Pediatric emergency department visits associated with mental health conditions before and during the COVID-19 pandemic - United States, January 2019-January 2022.
Radhakrishnan L, Leeb RT, Bitsko RH, Carey K, Gates A, Holland KM, Hartnett KP, Kite-Powell A, DeVies J, Smith AR, van Santen KL, Crossen S, Sheppard M, Wotiz S, Lane RI, Njai R, Johnson AG, Winn A, Kirking HL, Rodgers L, Thomas CW, Soetebier K, Adjemian J, Anderson KN.
MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep. 2022 Feb 25;71(8):319-324. doi: 10.15585/mmwr.mm7108e2.
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Evaluating the association between antidepressant dose trajectories and treatment augmentation in pediatric depression.
Spence O, Reeves G, dosReis S.
Pharmacoepidemiol Drug Saf. 2022 Feb;31(2):176-186. doi: 10.1002/pds.5358. Epub 2021 Sep 28.
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Predictors of changes in height, weight, and body mass index after initiation of central nervous system stimulants in children with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder.
Waxmonsky JG, Pelham WE 3rd, Baweja R, Hale D, Pelham WE Jr.
J Pediatr. 2022 Feb;241:115-125.e2. doi: 10.1016/j.jpeds.2021.09.030. Epub 2021 Sep 25.
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Mental health surveillance among children - United States, 2013-2019.
Bitsko RH, Claussen AH, Lichstein J, Black LI, Jones SE, Danielson ML, Hoenig JM, Davis Jack SP, Brody DJ, Gyawali S, Maenner MJ, Warner M, Holland KM, Perou R, Crosby AE, Blumberg SJ, Avenevoli S, Kaminski JW, Ghandour RM.
MMWR Suppl. 2022 Feb 25;71(2):1-42. doi: 10.15585/mmwr.su7102a1.
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Long-term follow-up of psychiatric disorders in children and adolescents conceived by assisted reproductive techniques in Sweden.
Wang C, Johansson ALV, Rodriguez-Wallberg KA, Landén M, Almqvist C, Hernández-Díaz S, Oberg AS.
JAMA Psychiatry. 2022 Feb 1;79(2):133-142. doi: 10.1001/jamapsychiatry.2021.3647.
Read More
Neininger MP, Jeschke S, Kiesel LM, Bertsche T, Bertsche A.
World J Pediatr. 2022 Jan;18(1):50-58. doi: 10.1007/s12519-021-00478-1. Epub 2021 Nov 13.
Read More
Racial disparities in opioid prescriptions for fractures in the pediatric population.
Wing E, Saadat S, Bhargava R, Yun H, Chakravarthy B.
Am J Emerg Med. 2022 Jan;51:210-213. doi: 10.1016/j.ajem.2021.10.017. Epub 2021 Oct 14.
Read More
Is the prevalence of thyroid disease higher in children receiving antiepileptic medication? A systematic review and meta-analysis.
Ilia TS, Dragoumi P, Papanikolopoulou S, Goulis DG, Pavlou E, Zafeiriou D.
Seizure. 2022 Jan;94:117-125. doi: 10.1016/j.seizure.2021.11.010. Epub 2021 Nov 24.
Read More
The safety of high-dose intranasal fentanyl in the pediatric emergency department.
Anderson T, Harrell C, Snider M, Kink R.
Pediatr Emerg Care. 2022 Feb 1;38(2):e447-e450. doi: 10.1097/PEC.0000000000002627.
Read More
COVID-19 and Antibiotic Prescribing in Pediatric Primary Care.
Dutcher L, Li Y, Lee G, Grundmeier R, Hamilton KW, Gerber JS.
Pediatrics. 2022 Feb 1;149(2):e2021053079. doi: 10.1542/peds.2021-053079.
Read More
Pediatric emergency department visits associated with mental health conditions before and during the COVID-19 pandemic - United States, January 2019-January 2022.
Radhakrishnan L, Leeb RT, Bitsko RH, Carey K, Gates A, Holland KM, Hartnett KP, Kite-Powell A, DeVies J, Smith AR, van Santen KL, Crossen S, Sheppard M, Wotiz S, Lane RI, Njai R, Johnson AG, Winn A, Kirking HL, Rodgers L, Thomas CW, Soetebier K, Adjemian J, Anderson KN.
MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep. 2022 Feb 25;71(8):319-324. doi: 10.15585/mmwr.mm7108e2.
Read More
Evaluating the association between antidepressant dose trajectories and treatment augmentation in pediatric depression.
Spence O, Reeves G, dosReis S.
Pharmacoepidemiol Drug Saf. 2022 Feb;31(2):176-186. doi: 10.1002/pds.5358. Epub 2021 Sep 28.
Read More
Predictors of changes in height, weight, and body mass index after initiation of central nervous system stimulants in children with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder.
Waxmonsky JG, Pelham WE 3rd, Baweja R, Hale D, Pelham WE Jr.
J Pediatr. 2022 Feb;241:115-125.e2. doi: 10.1016/j.jpeds.2021.09.030. Epub 2021 Sep 25.
Read More
Mental health surveillance among children - United States, 2013-2019.
Bitsko RH, Claussen AH, Lichstein J, Black LI, Jones SE, Danielson ML, Hoenig JM, Davis Jack SP, Brody DJ, Gyawali S, Maenner MJ, Warner M, Holland KM, Perou R, Crosby AE, Blumberg SJ, Avenevoli S, Kaminski JW, Ghandour RM.
MMWR Suppl. 2022 Feb 25;71(2):1-42. doi: 10.15585/mmwr.su7102a1.
Read More
Long-term follow-up of psychiatric disorders in children and adolescents conceived by assisted reproductive techniques in Sweden.
Wang C, Johansson ALV, Rodriguez-Wallberg KA, Landén M, Almqvist C, Hernández-Díaz S, Oberg AS.
JAMA Psychiatry. 2022 Feb 1;79(2):133-142. doi: 10.1001/jamapsychiatry.2021.3647.
Read More
march 2022
Pregnancy
Maternal serum fructosamine levels and stillbirth: a case-control study of the Stillbirth Collaborative Research Network.
Arslan E, Allshouse AA, Page JM, Varner MW, Thorsten V, Parker C, Dudley DJ, Saade GR, Goldenberg RL, Stoll BJ, Hogue CJ, Bukowski R, Conway D, Pinar H, Reddy UM, Silver RM.
BJOG. 2022 Mar;129(4):619-626. doi: 10.1111/1471-0528.16922. Epub 2021 Oct 14.
Read More
The Epidemiology of COVID-19 in Pregnancy.
Overton EE, Goffman D, Friedman AM.
Clin Obstet Gynecol. 2022 Mar 1;65(1):110-122. doi: 10.1097/GRF.0000000000000674.
Read More
Maternal overnutrition elevates offspring's blood pressure-A systematic review and meta-analysis.
Eitmann S, Mátrai P, Németh D, Hegyi P, Lukács A, Bérczi B, Czumbel LM, Kiss I, Gyöngyi Z, Varga G, Balaskó M, Pétervári E.
Paediatr Perinat Epidemiol. 2022 Mar;36(2):276-287. doi: 10.1111/ppe.12859. Epub 2022 Jan 18.
Read More
Levetiracetam, lamotrigine and carbamazepine: which monotherapy during pregnancy?
Mari L, Placidi F, Romigi A, Tombini M, Del Bianco C, Ulivi M, Liguori C, Manfredi N, Castelli A, Mercuri NB, Izzi F.
Neurol Sci. 2022 Mar;43(3):1993-2001. doi: 10.1007/s10072-021-05542-2. Epub 2021 Sep 1.
Read More
SARS-CoV-2 Infection During Pregnancy and Associated Perinatal Health Outcomes: A National US Cohort Study.
Regan AK, Arah OA, Fell DB, Sullivan SG.
J Infect Dis. 2022 Mar 2;225(5):759-767. doi: 10.1093/infdis/jiab626.
Read More
Advancing research on perinatal depression trajectories: Evidence from a longitudinal study of low-income women.
Choi C, Mersky JP, Janczewski CE, Goyal D.
J Affect Disord. 2022 Mar 15;301:44-51. doi: 10.1016/j.jad.2022.01.026. Epub 2022 Jan 4.
Read More
Maternal smoking during pregnancy and children's mental health at age 22 years: Results of a birth cohort study.
Corrêa ML, da Silva BGC, Wehrmeister FC, Horta BL, Gonçalves H, Barros F, Menezes AMB.
J Affect Disord. 2022 Mar 1;300:203-208. doi: 10.1016/j.jad.2021.12.125. Epub 2022 Jan 2.
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Pregnancy Outcomes in Women With Psoriatic Arthritis in Relation to Presence and Timing of Antirheumatic Treatment.
Remaeus K, Johansson K, Granath F, Stephansson O, Hellgren K.
Arthritis Rheumatol. 2022 Mar;74(3):486-495. doi: 10.1002/art.41985. Epub 2022 Jan 27.
Read More
Trajectories of prenatal alcohol exposure and behavioral outcomes: Findings from a community-based sample.
Bandoli G, Kable JA, Coles CD, Del Campo M, Suttie M, Chambers CD.
Drug Alcohol Depend. 2022 Apr 1;233:109351. doi: 10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2022.109351. Epub 2022 Feb 11.
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Prenatal acetaminophen use in women with autoimmune disorders and adverse pregnancy and birth outcomes.
Killion JA, Chambers C, Smith CJF, Bandoli G.
Rheumatology (Oxford). 2022 Apr 11;61(4):1630-1638. doi: 10.1093/rheumatology/keab623.
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Perinatal Complications as a Mediator of the Association Between Chronic Disease and Postpartum Mental Illness.
Aker AM, Vigod SN, Dennis CL, Brown HK.
J Womens Health (Larchmt). 2022 Apr;31(4):564-572. doi: 10.1089/jwh.2021.0014. Epub 2021 Jun 2.
Read More
Selective Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitor Use in Pregnancy and Risk of Postpartum Hemorrhage.
Andrade C.
J Clin Psychiatry. 2022 Apr 4;83(2):22f14455. doi: 10.4088/JCP.22f14455.
Read More
Prenatal medication exposure and epigenetic outcomes: a systematic literature review and recommendations for prenatal pharmacoepigenetic studies.
Olstad EW, Nordeng HME, Gervin K.
Epigenetics. 2022 Apr;17(4):357-380. doi: 10.1080/15592294.2021.1903376. Epub 2021 Apr 29.
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Prenatal influenza vaccination and allergic and autoimmune diseases in childhood: A longitudinal, population-based linked cohort study.
Foo D, Sarna M, Pereira G, Moore HC, Regan AK.
PLoS Med. 2022 Apr 5;19(4):e1003963. doi: 10.1371/journal.pmed.1003963.
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Association of Maternal Autoimmune Diseases With Risk of Mental Disorders in Offspring in Denmark.
He H, Yu Y, Liew Z, Gissler M, László KD, Valdimarsdóttir UA, Zhang J, Li F, Li J.
JAMA Netw Open. 2022 Apr 1;5(4):e227503. doi: 10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2022.7503. Read More
Trends, patterns, and maternal characteristics of opioid prescribing during pregnancy in a large population-based cohort study.
Nechuta S, Mukhopadhyay S, Golladay M, Rainey J, Krishnaswami S.
Drug Alcohol Depend. 2022 Apr 1;233:109331. doi: 10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2022.109331.
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Association of SARS-CoV-2 Vaccination During Pregnancy With Pregnancy Outcomes.
Magnus MC, Örtqvist AK, Dahlqwist E, Ljung R, Skår F, Oakley L, Macsali F, Pasternak B, Gjessing HK, Håberg SE, Stephansson O.
JAMA. 2022 Apr 19;327(15):1469-1477. doi: 10.1001/jama.2022.3271.
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Association of COVID-19 Vaccination in Pregnancy With Adverse Peripartum Outcomes.
Fell DB, Dhinsa T, Alton GD, Török E, Dimanlig-Cruz S, Regan AK, Sprague AE, Buchan SA, Kwong JC, Wilson SE, Håberg SE, Gravel CA, Wilson K, El-Chaâr D, Walker MC, Barrett J, MacDonald SE, Okun N, Shah PS, Dougan SD, Dunn S, Bisnaire L.
JAMA. 2022 Apr 19;327(15):1478-1487. doi: 10.1001/jama.2022.4255.
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Impact of regulatory safety notices on valproate prescribing and pregnancy outcome among women of child-bearing potential in Scotland: a population-based cohort study.
McTaggart S, MacColl G, Gronkowski K, Wood R, Leach JP, Bennie M.
BMJ Open. 2022 Apr 13;12(4):e058312. doi: 10.1136/bmjopen-2021-058312.
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A Landscape Analysis of Post-Marketing Studies Registered in the EU PAS Register and ClinicalTrials.gov Focusing on Pregnancy Outcomes or Breastfeeding Effects: A Contribution from the ConcePTION Project.
Roque Pereira L, Durán CE, Layton D, Poulentzas G, Lalagkas PN, Kontogiorgis C, Sturkenboom M.
C Drug Saf. 2022 Apr;45(4):333-344. doi: 10.1007/s40264-022-01154-7. Epub 2022 Mar 31. Erratum in: Drug Saf. 2022 Apr 11.
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Association of Duration of Methadone or Buprenorphine Use During Pregnancy With Risk of Nonfatal Drug Overdose Among Pregnant Persons With Opioid Use Disorder in the US.
Jarlenski M, Chen Q, Gao A, Rothenberger SD, Krans EE.
JAMA Netw Open. 2022 Apr 1;5(4):e227964. doi: 10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2022.7964.
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Pediatrics
General practitioner prescribing trends among pediatric patients in the United Kingdom: 1998-2018.
Masarwa R, Lefebvre C, Platt RW, Filion KB.
Pharmacoepidemiol Drug Saf. 2022 Mar;31(3):302-313. doi: 10.1002/pds.5377. Epub 2021 Nov 9.
Read More
Psychotropic Drug Use in Children and Adolescents Before and During the COVID-19 Pandemic.
Leong C, Katz LY, Bolton JM, Enns MW, Delaney J, Tan Q, Sareen J.
JAMA Pediatr. 2022 Mar 1;176(3):318-320. doi: 10.1001/jamapediatrics.2021.5634.
Read More
An examination of fatal child poisonings in the United States using the National Violent Death Reporting System (NVDRS), 2012-2017.
Hunter AA, Schwab-Reese L, DiVietro S, McCollum S.
Clin Toxicol (Phila). 2022 Mar;60(3):342-347. doi: 10.1080/15563650.2021.1955913. Epub 2021 Sep 21.
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Factors associated with hospital and intensive care admission in paediatric SARS-CoV-2 infection: a prospective nationwide observational cohort study.
Uka A, Buettcher M, Bernhard-Stirnemann S, Fougère Y, Moussaoui D, Kottanattu L, Wagner N, Zimmermann P, Ritz N; Swiss Paediatric Surveillance Unit (SPSU).
Eur J Pediatr. 2022 Mar;181(3):1245-1255. doi: 10.1007/s00431-021-04276-9. Epub 2021 Nov 29. Erratum in: Eur J Pediatr. 2022 Jan 15.
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Incidence, antibiotic treatment and outcomes of lactational mastitis: Findings from The Norwegian Mother, Father and Child Cohort Study (MoBa).
Grzeskowiak LE, Saha MR, Ingman WV, Nordeng H, Ystrom E, Amir LH.
Paediatr Perinat Epidemiol. 2022 Mar;36(2):254-263. doi: 10.1111/ppe.12824. Epub 2021 Nov 28.
Read More
Intrapartum antibiotics and childhood asthma and allergic rhinitis: a retrospective cohort study.
Richards M, Ferber J, Swor E, Frescholtz T, Li DK, Darrow LA.
BJOG. 2022 Apr;129(5):722-730. doi: 10.1111/1471-0528.16977. Epub 2021 Nov 8.
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Comparison of Rates of Type 2 Diabetes in Adults and Children Treated With Anticonvulsant Mood Stabilizers.
Sun JW, Young JG, Sarvet AL, Bailey LC, Heerman WJ, Janicke DM, Lin PD, Toh S, Block JP.
JAMA Netw Open. 2022 Apr 1;5(4):e226484. doi: 10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2022.6484.
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Risk of adverse events after covid-19 in Danish children and adolescents and effectiveness of BNT162b2 in adolescents: cohort study.
Kildegaard H, Lund LC, Højlund M, Stensballe LG, Pottegård A.
BMJ. 2022 Apr 11;377:e068898. doi: 10.1136/bmj-2021-068898.
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Association between proton pump inhibitor use and risk of pneumonia in children: nationwide self-controlled case series study in Sweden.
Wang YH, Svanström H, Wintzell V, Ludvigsson JF, Pasternak B.
BMJ Open. 2022 Apr 21;12(4):e060771. doi: 10.1136/bmjopen-2022-060771.
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Maternal serum fructosamine levels and stillbirth: a case-control study of the Stillbirth Collaborative Research Network.
Arslan E, Allshouse AA, Page JM, Varner MW, Thorsten V, Parker C, Dudley DJ, Saade GR, Goldenberg RL, Stoll BJ, Hogue CJ, Bukowski R, Conway D, Pinar H, Reddy UM, Silver RM.
BJOG. 2022 Mar;129(4):619-626. doi: 10.1111/1471-0528.16922. Epub 2021 Oct 14.
Read More
The Epidemiology of COVID-19 in Pregnancy.
Overton EE, Goffman D, Friedman AM.
Clin Obstet Gynecol. 2022 Mar 1;65(1):110-122. doi: 10.1097/GRF.0000000000000674.
Read More
Maternal overnutrition elevates offspring's blood pressure-A systematic review and meta-analysis.
Eitmann S, Mátrai P, Németh D, Hegyi P, Lukács A, Bérczi B, Czumbel LM, Kiss I, Gyöngyi Z, Varga G, Balaskó M, Pétervári E.
Paediatr Perinat Epidemiol. 2022 Mar;36(2):276-287. doi: 10.1111/ppe.12859. Epub 2022 Jan 18.
Read More
Levetiracetam, lamotrigine and carbamazepine: which monotherapy during pregnancy?
Mari L, Placidi F, Romigi A, Tombini M, Del Bianco C, Ulivi M, Liguori C, Manfredi N, Castelli A, Mercuri NB, Izzi F.
Neurol Sci. 2022 Mar;43(3):1993-2001. doi: 10.1007/s10072-021-05542-2. Epub 2021 Sep 1.
Read More
SARS-CoV-2 Infection During Pregnancy and Associated Perinatal Health Outcomes: A National US Cohort Study.
Regan AK, Arah OA, Fell DB, Sullivan SG.
J Infect Dis. 2022 Mar 2;225(5):759-767. doi: 10.1093/infdis/jiab626.
Read More
Advancing research on perinatal depression trajectories: Evidence from a longitudinal study of low-income women.
Choi C, Mersky JP, Janczewski CE, Goyal D.
J Affect Disord. 2022 Mar 15;301:44-51. doi: 10.1016/j.jad.2022.01.026. Epub 2022 Jan 4.
Read More
Maternal smoking during pregnancy and children's mental health at age 22 years: Results of a birth cohort study.
Corrêa ML, da Silva BGC, Wehrmeister FC, Horta BL, Gonçalves H, Barros F, Menezes AMB.
J Affect Disord. 2022 Mar 1;300:203-208. doi: 10.1016/j.jad.2021.12.125. Epub 2022 Jan 2.
Read More
Pregnancy Outcomes in Women With Psoriatic Arthritis in Relation to Presence and Timing of Antirheumatic Treatment.
Remaeus K, Johansson K, Granath F, Stephansson O, Hellgren K.
Arthritis Rheumatol. 2022 Mar;74(3):486-495. doi: 10.1002/art.41985. Epub 2022 Jan 27.
Read More
Trajectories of prenatal alcohol exposure and behavioral outcomes: Findings from a community-based sample.
Bandoli G, Kable JA, Coles CD, Del Campo M, Suttie M, Chambers CD.
Drug Alcohol Depend. 2022 Apr 1;233:109351. doi: 10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2022.109351. Epub 2022 Feb 11.
Read More
Prenatal acetaminophen use in women with autoimmune disorders and adverse pregnancy and birth outcomes.
Killion JA, Chambers C, Smith CJF, Bandoli G.
Rheumatology (Oxford). 2022 Apr 11;61(4):1630-1638. doi: 10.1093/rheumatology/keab623.
Read More
Perinatal Complications as a Mediator of the Association Between Chronic Disease and Postpartum Mental Illness.
Aker AM, Vigod SN, Dennis CL, Brown HK.
J Womens Health (Larchmt). 2022 Apr;31(4):564-572. doi: 10.1089/jwh.2021.0014. Epub 2021 Jun 2.
Read More
Selective Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitor Use in Pregnancy and Risk of Postpartum Hemorrhage.
Andrade C.
J Clin Psychiatry. 2022 Apr 4;83(2):22f14455. doi: 10.4088/JCP.22f14455.
Read More
Prenatal medication exposure and epigenetic outcomes: a systematic literature review and recommendations for prenatal pharmacoepigenetic studies.
Olstad EW, Nordeng HME, Gervin K.
Epigenetics. 2022 Apr;17(4):357-380. doi: 10.1080/15592294.2021.1903376. Epub 2021 Apr 29.
Read More
Prenatal influenza vaccination and allergic and autoimmune diseases in childhood: A longitudinal, population-based linked cohort study.
Foo D, Sarna M, Pereira G, Moore HC, Regan AK.
PLoS Med. 2022 Apr 5;19(4):e1003963. doi: 10.1371/journal.pmed.1003963.
Read More
Association of Maternal Autoimmune Diseases With Risk of Mental Disorders in Offspring in Denmark.
He H, Yu Y, Liew Z, Gissler M, László KD, Valdimarsdóttir UA, Zhang J, Li F, Li J.
JAMA Netw Open. 2022 Apr 1;5(4):e227503. doi: 10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2022.7503. Read More
Trends, patterns, and maternal characteristics of opioid prescribing during pregnancy in a large population-based cohort study.
Nechuta S, Mukhopadhyay S, Golladay M, Rainey J, Krishnaswami S.
Drug Alcohol Depend. 2022 Apr 1;233:109331. doi: 10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2022.109331.
Read More
Association of SARS-CoV-2 Vaccination During Pregnancy With Pregnancy Outcomes.
Magnus MC, Örtqvist AK, Dahlqwist E, Ljung R, Skår F, Oakley L, Macsali F, Pasternak B, Gjessing HK, Håberg SE, Stephansson O.
JAMA. 2022 Apr 19;327(15):1469-1477. doi: 10.1001/jama.2022.3271.
Read More
Association of COVID-19 Vaccination in Pregnancy With Adverse Peripartum Outcomes.
Fell DB, Dhinsa T, Alton GD, Török E, Dimanlig-Cruz S, Regan AK, Sprague AE, Buchan SA, Kwong JC, Wilson SE, Håberg SE, Gravel CA, Wilson K, El-Chaâr D, Walker MC, Barrett J, MacDonald SE, Okun N, Shah PS, Dougan SD, Dunn S, Bisnaire L.
JAMA. 2022 Apr 19;327(15):1478-1487. doi: 10.1001/jama.2022.4255.
Read More
Impact of regulatory safety notices on valproate prescribing and pregnancy outcome among women of child-bearing potential in Scotland: a population-based cohort study.
McTaggart S, MacColl G, Gronkowski K, Wood R, Leach JP, Bennie M.
BMJ Open. 2022 Apr 13;12(4):e058312. doi: 10.1136/bmjopen-2021-058312.
Read More
A Landscape Analysis of Post-Marketing Studies Registered in the EU PAS Register and ClinicalTrials.gov Focusing on Pregnancy Outcomes or Breastfeeding Effects: A Contribution from the ConcePTION Project.
Roque Pereira L, Durán CE, Layton D, Poulentzas G, Lalagkas PN, Kontogiorgis C, Sturkenboom M.
C Drug Saf. 2022 Apr;45(4):333-344. doi: 10.1007/s40264-022-01154-7. Epub 2022 Mar 31. Erratum in: Drug Saf. 2022 Apr 11.
Read More
Association of Duration of Methadone or Buprenorphine Use During Pregnancy With Risk of Nonfatal Drug Overdose Among Pregnant Persons With Opioid Use Disorder in the US.
Jarlenski M, Chen Q, Gao A, Rothenberger SD, Krans EE.
JAMA Netw Open. 2022 Apr 1;5(4):e227964. doi: 10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2022.7964.
Read More
Pediatrics
General practitioner prescribing trends among pediatric patients in the United Kingdom: 1998-2018.
Masarwa R, Lefebvre C, Platt RW, Filion KB.
Pharmacoepidemiol Drug Saf. 2022 Mar;31(3):302-313. doi: 10.1002/pds.5377. Epub 2021 Nov 9.
Read More
Psychotropic Drug Use in Children and Adolescents Before and During the COVID-19 Pandemic.
Leong C, Katz LY, Bolton JM, Enns MW, Delaney J, Tan Q, Sareen J.
JAMA Pediatr. 2022 Mar 1;176(3):318-320. doi: 10.1001/jamapediatrics.2021.5634.
Read More
An examination of fatal child poisonings in the United States using the National Violent Death Reporting System (NVDRS), 2012-2017.
Hunter AA, Schwab-Reese L, DiVietro S, McCollum S.
Clin Toxicol (Phila). 2022 Mar;60(3):342-347. doi: 10.1080/15563650.2021.1955913. Epub 2021 Sep 21.
Read More
Factors associated with hospital and intensive care admission in paediatric SARS-CoV-2 infection: a prospective nationwide observational cohort study.
Uka A, Buettcher M, Bernhard-Stirnemann S, Fougère Y, Moussaoui D, Kottanattu L, Wagner N, Zimmermann P, Ritz N; Swiss Paediatric Surveillance Unit (SPSU).
Eur J Pediatr. 2022 Mar;181(3):1245-1255. doi: 10.1007/s00431-021-04276-9. Epub 2021 Nov 29. Erratum in: Eur J Pediatr. 2022 Jan 15.
Read More
Incidence, antibiotic treatment and outcomes of lactational mastitis: Findings from The Norwegian Mother, Father and Child Cohort Study (MoBa).
Grzeskowiak LE, Saha MR, Ingman WV, Nordeng H, Ystrom E, Amir LH.
Paediatr Perinat Epidemiol. 2022 Mar;36(2):254-263. doi: 10.1111/ppe.12824. Epub 2021 Nov 28.
Read More
Intrapartum antibiotics and childhood asthma and allergic rhinitis: a retrospective cohort study.
Richards M, Ferber J, Swor E, Frescholtz T, Li DK, Darrow LA.
BJOG. 2022 Apr;129(5):722-730. doi: 10.1111/1471-0528.16977. Epub 2021 Nov 8.
Read More
Comparison of Rates of Type 2 Diabetes in Adults and Children Treated With Anticonvulsant Mood Stabilizers.
Sun JW, Young JG, Sarvet AL, Bailey LC, Heerman WJ, Janicke DM, Lin PD, Toh S, Block JP.
JAMA Netw Open. 2022 Apr 1;5(4):e226484. doi: 10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2022.6484.
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Risk of adverse events after covid-19 in Danish children and adolescents and effectiveness of BNT162b2 in adolescents: cohort study.
Kildegaard H, Lund LC, Højlund M, Stensballe LG, Pottegård A.
BMJ. 2022 Apr 11;377:e068898. doi: 10.1136/bmj-2021-068898.
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Association between proton pump inhibitor use and risk of pneumonia in children: nationwide self-controlled case series study in Sweden.
Wang YH, Svanström H, Wintzell V, Ludvigsson JF, Pasternak B.
BMJ Open. 2022 Apr 21;12(4):e060771. doi: 10.1136/bmjopen-2022-060771.
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October 2022
Pregnancy
Chronic hypertension in pregnancy: are outcomes the same in patients on antihypertensives?
Morgan JA, McDaniel MS, Hankins ME, Cormier CM.
J Matern Fetal Neonatal Med. 2022 Oct;35(19):3694-3699. doi: 10.1080/14767058.2020.1837771. Epub 2020 Oct 22.
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Adverse Pregnancy Outcomes in Nondiabetic Patients with an Elevated Early Pregnancy HbA1c.
Bender WR, McCarthy C, Elovitz M, Parry S, Durnwald C.
Am J Perinatol. 2022 Oct;29(14):1496-1502. doi: 10.1055/a-1877-8696. Epub 2022 Jun 16.
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Association between U.S. state prenatal drug use laws and child welfare reporting in Alabama, Maryland and Utah.
Bandara S, Schall TE, White SA, McCourt AD, Goodman D, McGinty EE.
Int J Drug Policy. 2022 Oct;108:103806. doi: 10.1016/j.drugpo.2022.103806. Epub 2022 Jul 27.
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Hypnotic benzodiazepine receptor agonist exposure during pregnancy and the risk of congenital malformations and other adverse pregnancy outcomes: A systematic review and meta-analysis.
Grigoriadis S, Alibrahim A, Mansfield JK, Sulloyey A, Robinson GE.
Acta Psychiatr Scand. 2022 Oct; 146(4):312-324. doi: 10.1111/acps.13441. Epub 2022 May 29.
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Exposure to selective noradrenalin reuptake inhibitors during the first trimester of pregnancy and risk of congenital malformations. A meta-analysis of cohort studies.
Lou ZQ, Zhou YY, Zhang X, Jiang HY.
Psychiatry Res. 2022 Oct;316:114756. doi:10.1016/j.psychres.2022.114756. Epub 2022 Jul 29.
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Use of antiretroviral therapy in pregnancy and association with birth outcome among women living with HIV in Denmark: A nationwide, population-based cohort study.
Moseholm E, Katzenstein TL, Pedersen G, Johansen I, Wienecke LS, Storgaard M, Obel N, Weis N.
HIV Med. 2022 Oct;23(9):1007-1018. doi: 10:1111/hiv.13304. Epub 2022 Apr 6.
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Maternal, fetal and neonatal outcomes among pregnant women receiving COVID-19 vaccination: The preg-co-vax study.
Mascolo A, di Mauro G, Fraenza F, Gaio M, Zinzi A, Pentella C, Rossi F, Capuano A, Sportiello L.
Front Immunol. 2022 Oct 3;13:965171. doi: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.965171. eCollection 2022.
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Effectiveness of pertussis vaccination in pregnancy to prevent hospitalisation in infants aged <2 months and effectiveness of both primary vaccination and mother's vaccination in pregnancy in infants aged 2-11 months.
Merdrignac L, Acosta L, Habington A, Garcìa Cenoz M, Pandolfi E, Fabiánová K, Jordan I, O'Sullivan N, Navasués A, Tozzi AE, Zavadilová J, Jané M, Cotter S, Pitillas NI, Rizzo C, Křížová P, Hanslik T, Muñoz Almagro C, Pastore L, Bacci S, Moren A, Valenciano M.
Vaccine. 2022 Oct 19;40(44):6374-6382. doi: 10.1016/j.vaccine/2022.09.054. Epub 2022 Sep 29.
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Pregnancy outcomes after first-trimester exposure to buspirone: prospective longitudinal outcomes from the MGH National Pregnancy Registry for Psychiatric Medications.
Freeman MP, Szpunar MJ, Kobylski LA, Harmon H, Viguera AC, Cohen LS.
Arch Womens Ment Health. 2022 Oct;25(5):923-928. doi: 10.1007/s00737-022-01250-8. Epub 2022 Jul 16.
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An inventory of European data sources to support pharmacoepidemiologic research on neurodevelopmental outcomes in children following medication exposure in pregnancy: A contribution from the ConcePTION project.
Given J, Bromley RL, Coste F, Lopez-Leon S, Loane M.
PLoS One. 2022 Oct 14;17(10):e0275979. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0275979. eCollection 2022.
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Benefits and Risks Associated With Continuation of Anti-Tumor Necrosis Factor After 24 Weeks of Pregnancy in Women With Inflammatory Bowel Disease : A Nationwide Emulation Trial.
Meyer A, Neumann A, Drouin J, Weill A, Carbonnel F, Dray-Spira R.
Ann Intern Med. 2022 Oct;175(10):1374-1382. doi: 10.7326/M22-0819. Epub 2022 Sep 27.
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Morgan JA, McDaniel MS, Hankins ME, Cormier CM.
J Matern Fetal Neonatal Med. 2022 Oct;35(19):3694-3699. doi: 10.1080/14767058.2020.1837771. Epub 2020 Oct 22.
Read More
Adverse Pregnancy Outcomes in Nondiabetic Patients with an Elevated Early Pregnancy HbA1c.
Bender WR, McCarthy C, Elovitz M, Parry S, Durnwald C.
Am J Perinatol. 2022 Oct;29(14):1496-1502. doi: 10.1055/a-1877-8696. Epub 2022 Jun 16.
Read More
Association between U.S. state prenatal drug use laws and child welfare reporting in Alabama, Maryland and Utah.
Bandara S, Schall TE, White SA, McCourt AD, Goodman D, McGinty EE.
Int J Drug Policy. 2022 Oct;108:103806. doi: 10.1016/j.drugpo.2022.103806. Epub 2022 Jul 27.
Read More
Hypnotic benzodiazepine receptor agonist exposure during pregnancy and the risk of congenital malformations and other adverse pregnancy outcomes: A systematic review and meta-analysis.
Grigoriadis S, Alibrahim A, Mansfield JK, Sulloyey A, Robinson GE.
Acta Psychiatr Scand. 2022 Oct; 146(4):312-324. doi: 10.1111/acps.13441. Epub 2022 May 29.
Read More
Exposure to selective noradrenalin reuptake inhibitors during the first trimester of pregnancy and risk of congenital malformations. A meta-analysis of cohort studies.
Lou ZQ, Zhou YY, Zhang X, Jiang HY.
Psychiatry Res. 2022 Oct;316:114756. doi:10.1016/j.psychres.2022.114756. Epub 2022 Jul 29.
Read More
Use of antiretroviral therapy in pregnancy and association with birth outcome among women living with HIV in Denmark: A nationwide, population-based cohort study.
Moseholm E, Katzenstein TL, Pedersen G, Johansen I, Wienecke LS, Storgaard M, Obel N, Weis N.
HIV Med. 2022 Oct;23(9):1007-1018. doi: 10:1111/hiv.13304. Epub 2022 Apr 6.
Read More
Maternal, fetal and neonatal outcomes among pregnant women receiving COVID-19 vaccination: The preg-co-vax study.
Mascolo A, di Mauro G, Fraenza F, Gaio M, Zinzi A, Pentella C, Rossi F, Capuano A, Sportiello L.
Front Immunol. 2022 Oct 3;13:965171. doi: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.965171. eCollection 2022.
Read More
Effectiveness of pertussis vaccination in pregnancy to prevent hospitalisation in infants aged <2 months and effectiveness of both primary vaccination and mother's vaccination in pregnancy in infants aged 2-11 months.
Merdrignac L, Acosta L, Habington A, Garcìa Cenoz M, Pandolfi E, Fabiánová K, Jordan I, O'Sullivan N, Navasués A, Tozzi AE, Zavadilová J, Jané M, Cotter S, Pitillas NI, Rizzo C, Křížová P, Hanslik T, Muñoz Almagro C, Pastore L, Bacci S, Moren A, Valenciano M.
Vaccine. 2022 Oct 19;40(44):6374-6382. doi: 10.1016/j.vaccine/2022.09.054. Epub 2022 Sep 29.
Read More
Pregnancy outcomes after first-trimester exposure to buspirone: prospective longitudinal outcomes from the MGH National Pregnancy Registry for Psychiatric Medications.
Freeman MP, Szpunar MJ, Kobylski LA, Harmon H, Viguera AC, Cohen LS.
Arch Womens Ment Health. 2022 Oct;25(5):923-928. doi: 10.1007/s00737-022-01250-8. Epub 2022 Jul 16.
Read More
An inventory of European data sources to support pharmacoepidemiologic research on neurodevelopmental outcomes in children following medication exposure in pregnancy: A contribution from the ConcePTION project.
Given J, Bromley RL, Coste F, Lopez-Leon S, Loane M.
PLoS One. 2022 Oct 14;17(10):e0275979. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0275979. eCollection 2022.
Read More
Benefits and Risks Associated With Continuation of Anti-Tumor Necrosis Factor After 24 Weeks of Pregnancy in Women With Inflammatory Bowel Disease : A Nationwide Emulation Trial.
Meyer A, Neumann A, Drouin J, Weill A, Carbonnel F, Dray-Spira R.
Ann Intern Med. 2022 Oct;175(10):1374-1382. doi: 10.7326/M22-0819. Epub 2022 Sep 27.
Read More
Pediatrics
Racial and socioeconomic disparities in the advanced treatment of medically intractable pediatric epilepsy.
Kandregula S, Terrell D, Beyl R, Freelin A, Guthikonda B, Notarianni C, Toms J.
Neurosurg Focus. 2022 Oct;53(4):E2. doi:10.3171/2022.7.FOCUS22338.
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Psychotropic Medication Utilization Among Children Diagnosed With Fetal Alcohol Spectrum Disorder.
Senturias Y, Ali MM, West K.
Pediatrics. 2022 Oct 1;150(4):e2022056797. doi:1542/peds.2022-056797.
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Meta-analysis of the Risk Factors for Urinary Tract Infection in Children.
Renko M, Salo J, Ekstrand M, Pokka T, Pieviläinen O, Uhari M, Tapiainen T.
Pediatr Infect Dis J. 2022 Oct 1;41(10):787-792. doi: 10.1097/INF.0000000000003628. Epub 2022 Jul 6.
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Comparative Effectiveness of Dexamethasone Versus Prednisone in Children Hospitalized With Acute Croup.
Jiang W, Hall M, Berry JG.
Hosp Pediatr. 2022 Oct 1;12(10):892-898. doi: 10.1542/hpeds.2022-006567.
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Safety and efficacy of abacavir for treating infants, children, and adolescents living with HIV: a systematic review and meta-analysis.
Jesson J, Saint-Lary L, Revegue MHDT, O'Rourke J, Townsend CL, Renaud F, Penazzato M, Leroy V.
Lancet Child Adolesc Health. 2022 Oct;6(10):692-704. doi: 10.1016/S2352-4642(22)00213-9. Epub 2022 Sep 2.
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Kandregula S, Terrell D, Beyl R, Freelin A, Guthikonda B, Notarianni C, Toms J.
Neurosurg Focus. 2022 Oct;53(4):E2. doi:10.3171/2022.7.FOCUS22338.
Read More
Psychotropic Medication Utilization Among Children Diagnosed With Fetal Alcohol Spectrum Disorder.
Senturias Y, Ali MM, West K.
Pediatrics. 2022 Oct 1;150(4):e2022056797. doi:1542/peds.2022-056797.
Read More
Meta-analysis of the Risk Factors for Urinary Tract Infection in Children.
Renko M, Salo J, Ekstrand M, Pokka T, Pieviläinen O, Uhari M, Tapiainen T.
Pediatr Infect Dis J. 2022 Oct 1;41(10):787-792. doi: 10.1097/INF.0000000000003628. Epub 2022 Jul 6.
Read More
Comparative Effectiveness of Dexamethasone Versus Prednisone in Children Hospitalized With Acute Croup.
Jiang W, Hall M, Berry JG.
Hosp Pediatr. 2022 Oct 1;12(10):892-898. doi: 10.1542/hpeds.2022-006567.
Read More
Safety and efficacy of abacavir for treating infants, children, and adolescents living with HIV: a systematic review and meta-analysis.
Jesson J, Saint-Lary L, Revegue MHDT, O'Rourke J, Townsend CL, Renaud F, Penazzato M, Leroy V.
Lancet Child Adolesc Health. 2022 Oct;6(10):692-704. doi: 10.1016/S2352-4642(22)00213-9. Epub 2022 Sep 2.
Read More